组织工程化的雪旺细胞在视神经损伤修复中的应用

0 引言 视神经损伤(optic nerve injury)是常见的眼外伤类型,临床上常见各种面部及颅脑外伤如压迫、牵伸、撕裂、切断等原因致使视神经走行的某一段受损,如果治疗不及时可能造成患者视功能不可逆性的丧失.     

肼苯达嗪、卡托普利研究(Hy-C)

标题　用肼苯达嗪做直接血管扩张或用Ｃａｐｔｏｐｒｉｌｒ抑制血管紧张素转换酶对晚期心衰病死率的影响作者　ＦｏｎａｒｏｗＧＣ,ｅｔａｌ．ＪＡｍＣｏｌｌＣａｒｄｉｏｌ,１９９２,１９：８４２（英文）　　研究疾病：晚期心力衰竭。目的：比较血管紧张素转换酶抑制和直接血管扩张对晚期心衰预后的影响。　　设计：随机式。病人资料：１１７例充血性心力衰竭者,ＮＹＨＡⅢ级或Ⅳ级,休息时有血液动力学异常,为心脏移植做评估。随访：（８±７）个月。治疗方案：Ｃａｐｔｏｐｒｉｌ６．２５ｍｇ渐增至１００ｍｇ,每日４次,或者肼苯…     

Genetic counselling in multiple sclerosis: risks to sibs and children of affected individuals

Genetic factors are recognized as having important roles in both the overall etiology and the familial aggregation of multiple sclerosis (MS), leading to increased requests for genetic counselling. This paper is designed to provide familial risk data in a practical format for use during genetic counselling for MS. Depending on the amount of genetic sharing among family members, the relative risk of MS compared with that for the general population can range from 1 (adopted sibs and children of the MS proband, with whom they share no genetic material) to 190 (monozygotic co-twins of MS patients, with whom they share 100% of their genetic material). When counselling full sibs of MS patients, risks can be better calculated if information is available on the age of MS onset in the patient and whether or not one parent has MS.     

Apoptosis inducing effects of arsenic trioxide on human bladder cancer cell line BIU-87

Objective　To explore the apoptosis inducing effects of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on human bladder cancer cells and elucidate possible mechanisms. Methods　After treatment with As2O3, the growth inhibition rates of human bladder cancer cell line BIU-87 were studied by MTT and cell counts methods. DNA synthesis rates were detected by 3　H-TdR assay. The morphological changes of cancer cells were observed by light and electronic microscopy and cell apoptosis rates were detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). bcl-2 gene expression of BIU-87 cells was observed by strept avidin-biotin complex (SABC) immunohistochemical method. Results　As2O3 could effectively inhibit the growth of BIU-87 (P<0.05), which were time and concentration dependent. The inhibition rate of 4.0?μmol/L As2O3 for DNA synthesis of cancer cells was 55.64% (P<0.01). Partial cancer cells presented the characteristic morphological changes of apoptosis which depended on the time of exposure to drug (P<0.05). bcl-2 expression of BIU-87 cells was decreased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion　As2O3 can significantly induce apoptosis in bladder cancer cells by down-regulating the expression of the bcl-2 gene and inhibiting DNA synthesis. This provides a potentially effective method for prevention and cure of human bladder cancer.     

ARTERIAL THROMBOSIS AFTER CHEMOTHERAPY WITH CISPLATIN,VINBLASTINE AND METHOTREXATE

SUMMARY A case of acute arterial thrombosis of the branches of the internal iliac, femoral and popliteal arteries is reported in a 38-year-old man receiving intravenous cisplatin-vinblastine-methotrexate therapy for carcinoma of the urethra. The patient had no angiographic evidence of atheromatous disease or tumour invasion of the occluded arteries and no source of emboli. Although cisplatin and vinblastine are known to cause a variety of vaso-occlusive complications, acute large-vessel arterial occlusion has not previously been reported with this combination of agents.     

Preventing infective sequelae of abortion

Pelvic infection complicates up to 12% of induced abortions and has an adverse effect on future reproductive outcome. The presence in the lower genital tract of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis or the anaerobic organisms characterizing bacterial vaginosis is associated with an increased risk of post-abortion infective morbidity. Meta-analysis of randomized trials has shown that prophylaxis with antibiotics effective against either C. trachomatis or bacterial vaginosis reduces the risk of post-abortion infective morbidity by around a half. Other strategies which have been advocated for minimizing the risk of infective morbidity are screening for lower genital tract infections, with treatment of positive cases only, and a combined strategy where women are screened for sexually transmitted infections as well as receiving prophylaxis. These strategies provide the opportunity for appropriate follow-up and partner notification of those women found to have sexually transmitted infections. A multicentre study designed to determine the prevalence of genital tract infections among Scottish women seeking induced abortion, and to compare strategies of 'universal prophylaxis' and 'screen and treat' for minimizing infective morbidity in such women has been undertaken. A total of 1672 women were recruited. Prevalence rates of lower genital tract gonorrhoea, chlamydia and bacterial vaginosis were found to be similar to those reported in other UK studies. Women managed by the 'screen and treat' strategy (particularly those whose genital tract swabs were reported negative) had slightly higher rates of infective morbidity in the 8 weeks after abortion than those managed by 'prophylaxis'. Using currently available screening tests and genitourinary medicine services, 'prophylaxis' appears to be the more cost effective of the two strategies studied.      

Gender ratio of cluster headache over the years: a possible role of changes in lifestyle

Changes in the male-to-female (M/F) ratio of cluster headache (CH) over the years were investigated through a comparative analysis of the distribution of the disease by sex and decade of onset in 482 patients (374M and 108F). Variations over the last few decades were also investigated in the employment rate, level of school education, smoking habit, and coffee and alcohol intake of the population living in the same area as the CH patients. The M/F ratio has fallen from 6.2:1 for patients with CH onset before 1960, to 5.6:1, 4.3:1, 3.0:1, and 2.1:1 for patients with CH onset in the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, respectively. Correspondingly, in those same decades, the M/F ratio has fallen from 2.6:1 to 2.4:1, 2.2:1, 2.0:1, and 1.7:1, respectively, for the employment rate, and from 8.6:1 to 7.8:1, 3.3:1, 2.5:1, and 1.9:1 for the smoking habit. Such a close correlation suggests that the significant changes that have occurred over the last few decades in the lifestyle of both sexes—and particularly that of women—may have played a major role in altering the gender ratio of CH.