Induction of Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) Expression in the Microglia by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via Upregulation of Glycoprotein Nonmetastatic Melanoma B (GPNMB) Expression

Substantial evidence suggests that inflammation is an important contributor to many neurodegenerative disorders. Activated microglial cells play an important role in releasing pro-inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) for inducing inflammation. Recently, some reports have suggested that glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma B (GPNMB) is highly expressed in microglia after LPS treatment. However, the role of GPNMB in activated microglia is not clearly understood. In this study, we used RT-PCR and Western blotting to detect GPNMB and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) expressions in activated microglia. GPNMB small interfering RNA (siRNA) or MMP-3 inhibitor was applied on microglial BV2 cells, and ELISA was performed to measure the expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β in BV2 cells. Levels of iNOS and NO in BV2 cells were also determined. We found that the levels of GPNMB and MMP-3 were significantly increased in BV2 cells after LPS treatment. Moreover, we found that GPNMB significantly upregulated the expression of MMP-3 in BV2 cells, and high expression of MMP-3 was dependent on the level of GPNMB. Inhibition of GPNMB or MMP-3 expression by GPNMB siRNA or MMP-3 inhibitor dramatically suppressed the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and NO in activated microglia. All of these results suggest that GPNMB is involved in the inflammatory responses of microglia.     

F‐wave latencies in patients with diabetes mellitus

Introduction: To evaluate the sensitivity of electrophysiologic assessments, we compared F‐waves and motor and sensory nerve conduction studies (MNCS and SNCS) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: We tested median, ulnar, tibial, and fibular nerves in 132 DM patients divided into those with and without clinical evidence of polyneuropathy. Results: Of 64 asymptomatic patients, 2 (3%) had MNCS or SNCS abnormalities, both of whom had F‐wave changes, whereas 21 (33%) had only delayed F‐waves, for a combined yield of 23 (36%). The corresponding values for 68 symptomatic patients consisted of 43 (63%), 14 (21%), and 57 (84%). In both groups, F‐wave latency had a higher (P < 0.05) frequency of abnormality than MNCS in all nerves. F‐wave study also surpassed SNCS in lower limb nerves. Conclusions: F‐waves of the tibial and fibular nerves are the most sensitive measure to detect subclinical or overt diabetic polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve 49 : 804–808, 2014     

个案管理对社区精神分裂症患者服药依从性和生活质量的影响

目的探讨个案管理对社区精神分裂症患者服药依从性和生活质量的影响。方法选取精神卫生中心2个辖区的社区精神分裂症患者100例,按社区分为观察组和对照组各50例,对照组按常规接受门诊随访,观察组实施个案管理,即成立个案管理团队,由精神科护士为患者建立档案,于建档后第1、3、6、12个月上门对患者进行个案随访,根据个案管理随访记录表内容对患者进行评估并进行针对性的干预。于入组时及干预1年后采用简明依从性评定量表和生存质量测定量表简表测评干预效果。结果干预后观察组服药依从率显著高于对照组(P0.01);两组生活质量评分比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论对社区精神分裂症患者实施个案管理有助于改善其服药依从性,提高其生活质量,是一种较为有效的医院-社区管理模式。     

个案管理对社区精神分裂症患者服药依从性和生活质量的影响

目的 探讨个案管理对社区精神分裂症患者服药依从性和生活质量的影响.方法 选取精神卫生中心2个辖区的社区精神分裂症患者100例,按社区分为观察组和对照组各50例,对照组按常规接受门诊随访,观察组实施个案管理,即成立个案管理团队,由精神科护士为患者建立档案,于建档后第1、3、6、12个月上门对患者进行个案随访,根据个案管理随访记录表内容对患者进行评估并进行针对性的干预.于入组时及干预1年后采用简明依从性评定量表和生存质量测定量表简表测评干预效果.结果 干预后观察组服药依从率显著高于对照组（P＜0.01）;两组生活质量评分比较,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）.结论 对社区精神分裂症患者实施个案管理有助于改善其服药依从性,提高其生活质量,是一种较为有效的医院-社区管理模式.     

Effect of mycophenolate mofetil on CD26 expression in the kidneys of diabetic rats

Objective To investigate the expression of CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) in the kidney tissues of diabetic rats and the effects of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on the renal CD26 expression. Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group (NC group, n=7), diabetic model group (DM group, n=7) and MMF-treated group (MMF group, n=7). Wistar rats were fed with high-sucrose-high-fat diet and injected with streptozotocin into abdominal cavity to induce diabetes. Sixteen weeks later, blood glucose (BG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), renal hypertrophy index (kidney weight/body weight) and 24 hour urinary protein (24Upro) were measured. The number of CD3+/CD4+ T cells in renal tissues were measured through flow cytometry. The expression of CD26 in kidney was examined by using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with NC group, BG, BUN, Scr, kidney weight/body weight, 24Upro were significantly increased in DM group (P﹤0.05). Except BG and kidney weight/body weight, the above-mentioned parameters were lower in MMF group compared with that in DM group (P﹤0.05). Intrarenal CD3+/CD4+ T cells were significantly up-regulated in DM group compared with that in NC group (P﹤0.01). CD26 in renal tissue was mainly expressed in T lymphocytes of renal interstitium. CD26 expression in DM group was significantly higher than that in NC group, and also higher than that in MMF group (P﹤0.05). In DM group, CD26+ T lymphocytes infiltration of renal interstitium was positively correlated with 24Upro (r2=0.770, P﹤0.05). Conclusions CD26 is related with diabetic nephropathy. MMF maybe inhibit T lymphocytes infiltration to reduce the expression of CD26 in renal interstitium, thus protecting the kidney function.     

涎腺嗜酸细胞性脂肪腺瘤二例

报道2例罕见的发生于腮腺的涎腺嗜酸细胞性脂肪腺瘤。大体观察:2例均包膜完整,1例呈多结节状,1例呈哑铃状。镜下观察:2例肿瘤均被覆薄的纤维性包膜,由不同比例的脂肪组织和大小不等的嗜酸性细胞巢混合构成。免疫组织化学染色:2例嗜酸性细胞均表达人低分子量细胞角蛋白,部分表达细胞角蛋白(CK)7、CK5/6、CK19、p63、上皮细胞膜抗原(EMA),不表达S-100蛋白、Calponin、DOG1,Ki-67阳性指数约1%~2%。2例分别随访4和5个月,均未见复发。