Further evidence of construct validity of standardized patient‐based performance examinations

The purpose of this study was to gather additional evidence pertinent to the construct validity of standardized patient‐based clinical performance examinations. Specifically, the study determined whether students who indicated they had previously read about, seen, or worked up a case on the examination performed differently on that case from those students who had not. Overall, it was found that students with previous reading or direct experiences with cases on the test tended to have higher case mean scores on those cases than those who had not. These results demonstrated that scores on standardized patient‐based performance examinations are sensitive to the examinees’ various learning experiences.     

颈椎后纵韧带骨化手术疗效分析

目的观察颈椎后纵韧带骨化症(ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL)的手术治疗效果,分析影响疗效的因素。方法随访2003年2月至2006年2月在首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院骨科经手术治疗的OPLL患者25例,其中经颈前入路手术者16例,颈后路手术者6例,前、后联合入路手术者3例。术前及术后1～2年分别应用JOA17评分法及影像学评估法进行评估,分析比较术前与术后JOA评分并计算改善率。结果在前路手术治疗的OPLL患者中,有2例术后出现神经症状一过性加重,分别于术后4周和12周内恢复。25例患者术前评分平均为(8.00±1.50)分(最低5分,最高11分),术后2年评分平均为(14.24±1.42)分(最低9分,最高16分),平均提高6.24分。神经功能平均改善率为69.80%±12.28%,手术前、后评分比较差异有统计学意义,手术效果明显。术后复查MRI影像学资料显示,本组患者脊髓和神经根减压充分,前路植骨平均术后3个月骨性愈合。结论OPLL经颈前路手术可直接切除致压物,减压彻底,钛板固定可靠,手术效果良好,但手术风险及合并症高于后路手术。联合入路可降低手术风险。应用显微外科技术及手术全程神经电生理监测对提高手术的安全性有重要意义。     

Transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells for patients with lower limb ischemia

Background Many treatment options for lower limb ischemia are difficult to apply for the patients with poor arterial outflow or with poor general conditions. The effect of medical treatment alone is far from ideal, especially in patients with diabetic foot. A high level amputation is inevitable in these patients. This study aimed to explore the effect of transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells on the treatment of lower limb ischemia and to compare the effect of intra-arterial transplantation with that of intra-muscular transplantation.
Methods In this clinical trial, 32 patients with lower limb ischemia were divided into two groups. Group 1 （16 patients with 18 affected limbs） received transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells by intra-muscular injection into the affected limbs; and group 2 （16 patients with 17 affected limbs） received transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells by intra-arterial injection into the affected limbs. Rest pain, coldness, ankle/brachial index （ABI）, claudication, transcutaneous oxygen pressure （tcPO2） and angiography （15 limbs of 14 patients） were evaluated before and after the mononuclear cell transplantation to determine the effect of the treatment.
Results Two patients died from heart failure. The improvement of rest pain was seen in 76.5% （13/17） of group 1 and 93.3% （14/15） of group 2. The improvement of coldness was 100% in both groups. The increase of ABI was 44.4% （8/18） in group 1 and 41.2% （7/17） in group 2. The value of tcPO2 increased to 20 mmHg or more in 20 limbs. Nine of 15 limbs which underwent angiography showed rich collaterals. Limb salvage rate was 83.3% （15/18） in group 1 and 94.1% （16/17） in group 2. There was no statistically significant difference in the effectiveness of the treatment between the two groups.
Conclusions Transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells is a simple, safe and effective method for the treatment of lower limb ischemia,     

超声乳化人工晶状体置入术治疗肾移植术后白内障的疗效观察

 目的 观察超声乳化联合人工晶状体置入术治疗肾移植术后白内障的效果。方法 采用回顾性病例对照研究。肾移植术后白内障患者(观察组)23例30只眼,以及同期就诊的单纯年龄相关性白内障患者(对照组)26例33只眼,两组患者性别、年龄匹配,均行超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入手术。全部患者术前、术后进行眼科检查包括矫正视力、眼压测定、裂隙灯检查、间接检眼镜眼底检查及光学相干断层成像(OCT)。术前检测角膜内皮细胞计数。术后4周检查泪膜破裂时间(BUT),并行干眼主观症状评分。结果 肾移植术后患者行白内障手术者占2.3%,其中后囊下白内障(PSC)多见,发生率为65.2%。观察组患者术前眼压高于对照组(P=0.017),术后视力检查显示观察组患者治疗后1周、4周时的矫正视力与对照组无统计学差异(P＞0.05),两组手术并发症发生率无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。但观察组术后泪膜破裂时间(BUT)明显短于对照组(P=0.000),术后干眼主观症状的评分明显高于对照组(P= 0.002)。结论 肾移植术后白内障患者,行超声乳化及人工晶状体置入术治疗安全有效,术后视力恢复良好,但术后干眼症状较重。     

Lacrimal sac diverticulum presenting as a lower eyelid mass with a secreting fistula

To the editor： A 12-month-old child was admitted to our department for treatment regarding his inner canthus mass. His parents complained epiphora and mucopurulent discharge of the left eye after formation of a mass located in the left lower eyelid and medial canthus over 3 months （Figure 1A）. The mass increased in size gradually. This child was diagnosed as acute dacryocystitis and underwent probing for two times in another hospital. When he was 6 months old, he also had a similar mass which had resolved spontaneously. No history of sinus or systemic disease, trauma, or facial surgery was found.     

99Tcm-3P4-RGD2 microSPECT/CT显像评价抗新生血管治疗肿瘤疗效价值的实验研究

目的探讨整合素α_vβ₃受体靶向microSPECT/CT显像在抗新生血管治疗肿瘤效果中的应用价值。方法构建荷人脑胶质瘤（U87MG）和荷人前列腺癌（PC-3）裸鼠模型。在肿瘤直径为6.0~7.0 mm时,分别给予Avastin治疗,并以生理盐水为对照组,在Avastin给药前1 d、给药后3、5、10和15 d,分别行⁹⁹Tc^m-3P4-RGD₂ microSPECT/CT显像,测定肿瘤体积和放射性百分注射剂量率（% ID和% ID/g）摄取。监测荷瘤鼠一般情况,按照随机数字表法,在每个显像时间点取1只处死,进行病理学检查。结果 U87MG治疗组肿瘤体积在治疗后10 d明显小于U87MG对照组（t=5.81,P<0.05）,差异有统计学意义,PC-3治疗组与PC-3对照组肿瘤体积差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;U87MG治疗组肿瘤对⁹⁹Tc^m-3P4-RGD₂摄取（% ID/g）在治疗前高于PC-3（t=10.48,P<0.05）,给药后3 d低于U87MG对照组（t=3.26,P<0.05）,且随着治疗进行逐渐减少,PC-3治疗组和对照组肿瘤摄取（% ID/g）均较低。病理结果显示,U87MG治疗组整合素β₃表达降低以新生血管内皮为主,肿瘤细胞呈缓慢降低,U87MG肿瘤摄取（% ID/g）与整合素β₃表达呈线性相关y=0.499 1x-0.243 8（R²=0.811 7）。结论Avastin治疗脑胶质瘤早期表现为新生血管整合素受体β₃表达显著降低,⁹⁹Tc^m-3P4-RGD₂ microSPECT/CT显像预期可作为脑胶质瘤抗新生血管治疗疗效早期评价的无创性手段。