米帕明对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织一氧化氮浓度和一氧化氮合酶活性的影响

目的:观察米帕明对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织中含一氧化氮浓度和一氧化氮合酶活性的影响。方法:实验于2005-03/12在解放军总医院老年心血管病研究所生化药理实验室进行。①选用健康Wistar大鼠96只,随机分成假手术组、模型组、尼莫地平组和米帕明组4组,每组24只。②米帕明组腹腔注射米帕明10mg/kg,尼莫地平组腹腔注射尼莫地平2mg/kg,假手术组和模型组腹腔注射等容积生理盐水;60min后用线栓法建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血-再灌注损伤模型,假手术组尼龙线的头端不插入颈内动脉。③于缺血2h再灌注2,12和24h每组随机取6只大鼠断头,测定脑组织中一氧化氮浓度和一氧化氮合酶活性。每组剩余6只再灌注2h处死取脑,光镜下观察脑组织病理变化。结果:96只大鼠进入结果分析。①一氧化氮浓度:模型组、尼莫地平组和米帕明组再灌注2,12和24h均高于假手术组(P<0.05);尼莫地平组再灌注2,12和24h均低于模型组[(45.99±8.13),(40.63±3.13),(36.72±4.38)μmol/L;(65.54±6.01),(57.08±4.79),(48.13±5.12)μmol/L;P均<0.05];米帕明组再灌注2h和24h也低于同期模型组[(55.98±6.89),(39.42±4.28)μmol/L;P均<0.05]。②一氧化氮合酶活性:模型组、尼莫地平组和米帕明组再灌注2,12和24h均高于假手术组(P<0.05);尼莫地平组和米帕明组各个时间点均低于模型组(P<0.05)。③脑组织病理变化:尼莫地平组和米帕明组神经元损伤较模型组轻。结论:米帕明可降低局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织中一氧化氮浓度和一氧化氮合酶活性,从而对大鼠脑缺血再灌注有保护作用,其效果与尼莫地平相似。     

Assessing test–retest reliability of patient-reported outcome measures using intraclass correlation coefficients: recommendations for selecting and documenting the analytical formula

Quality of Life Research - The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 2009 guidance for industry on patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures describes how the Agency evaluates the psychometric...     

Effects of repetitive superficial chemical peels on facial sebum secretion in acne patients

BACKGROUND: Glycolic acid and Jessner's solution are popular superficial chemical peel agents for the treatment of facial acne, and increased sebum secretion is one of the major aetiological factors of acne. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of 30% glycolic acid peels and Jessner's solution peels on sebum secretion in facial acne patients. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with mild to moderate facial acne were included. Twenty-seven patients were treated with 30% glycolic acid peels and 11 patients with Jessner's solution peels. Each peel was performed twice with an interval of 2 weeks. Before and 2 weeks after each peel, sebum levels of forehead, nose, chin and cheeks were measured by using a Sebumeter (SM810 Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). RESULTS: The sebum levels were not significantly changed by two peels treatments of 30% glycolic acid peels or Jessner's solution peels on the facial skins of patients with facial acne. CONCLUSIONS: The two types of peels, 30% glycolic acid peels and Jessner's solution peels, did not affect sebum secretion of the facial skins of patients with facial acne after the two peels treatments. The accumulative effects of more than two peels treatments using these modalities need further evaluation.     

IL-21 modulates CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T-cell homeostasis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Abstract The homeostasis of CD4 ⁺ CD25 ⁺  regulatory T cells (Tregs) depends on the cytokine interleukin (IL)-2. As IL-21 shares sequence homology with IL-2 and the IL-21 receptors contain a γ-chain common to IL-2, we hypothesized that IL-21 could also affect the homeostasis of Tregs. We tested this hypothesis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of relapsing-remitting human multiple sclerosis. We show that blockade of IL-21 in SJL/J mice before and after the induction of EAE enhances the influx of inflammatory cells into the central nervous system (CNS). The blockade of IL-21 leads to proliferation of proteolipid peptide (PLP_139-151)-autoreactive CD4 ⁺  T cells, which are capable to cause severe EAE in adoptively transferred recipient mice. Conversely, Tregs from mice where IL-21 was blocked, lose their capacity to prevent EAE induced PLP_139-151-reactive T cells. Notably, direct effects of IL-21 on Tregs are confirmed by studies of blockade of IL-21 in mice expressing a green fluorescent protein 'knocked' into a Foxp3 allele, in which a reduction of the number of Tregs and a downregulation of their frequency and expression of Foxp3 are observed. These data suggest a role of the IL-21/IL-21R axis in the homeostasis of Tregs in CNS autoimmunity.