蒿甲醚对大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞DNA的影响

目的:蒿甲醚除了具有良好的临床治疗作用外,对正常组织有极大的副作用。实验拟观察蒿甲醚对大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞的影响。方法:实验于2005-09-20/2007-03-10在山东省泰山医学院生命科学研究所、中心实验室和机能实验室完成。①实验材料:蒿甲醚购自昆明制药厂,分析纯,使用前先进行预处理,处理方法:研磨后用溶液配成1g/L的母液,超声助溶解后供实验用。Wistar大鼠70只,体质量(70±15)g,雌雄不拘,由山东大学医学院实验动物中心提供。实验过程中对动物处置符合动物伦理学标准。②实验方法:将大鼠随机分为普通饲料对照组(n=10)和实验组(n=60),实验组分6个亚组,分别在饲料中加入0.1,0.2,0.4,0.8,1.6,3.2mg/kg的蒿甲醚。采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术观察大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞DNA的改变。结果:70只大鼠,饲养过程中实验组死亡6只,死亡原因为饲料添加蒿甲醚造成。当饲料中的蒿甲醚浓度为0.1mg/kg时,大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞DNA损伤率与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义;饲料中的蒿甲醚浓度超过0.2mg/kg时,大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞DNA损伤率明显增加,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义。且损伤程度与饲料中蒿甲醚含量呈正相关。结论:当饲料中的蒿甲醚浓度超过0.2mg/kg时,蒿甲醚可在一定程度上改变肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞的DNA生物学特性。且随着蒿甲醚浓度的升高,这种损害更为明显。     

High-dose atorvastatin therapy in severe heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia

Lipid targets can be difficult to attain in familial hypercholesterolaemia. To compare atorvastatin with simvastatin- fenofibrate and simvastatin-cholestyramine therapy, we studied 54 patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia over periods of 2-6 months on each therapeutic regimen. The atorvastatin regimen reduced total cholesterol by 41.2 +/- 11.2%, LDL by 45.6 +/- 15.5%, triglycerides by 33.8 +/- 24.8%, and increased HDL by 2.3 +/- 37.0%. Simvastatin- fenofibrate therapy achieved reductions of 33.9 +/- 8.5% in cholesterol, 42.0 +/- 12.2% in LDL, 34.7 +/- 38.3% for triglycerides, and a 25.4 +/- 55.1% increase in HDL. Simvastatin-cholestyramine gave a reduction of 31.3 +/- 11.8% in cholesterol, 36.0 +/- 14.4% in LDL, 13.7 +/- 36.3% in triglycerides, and a 1.1 +/- 30.3% rise in HDL. The atorvastatin regimen was marginally but not significantly better than simvastatin-fenofibrate in improving the LDL:HDL ratio, LDL:apoB and and apolipoprotein B:A1 ratios. Eleven patients (20.4%) had side- effects: two discontinued atorvastatin due to side-effects; two patients had rashes; six had myalgia and two had diarrhoea. Gastrointestinal side-effects were described in 16 (30.1%) patients on simvastatin-cholestyramine therapy and four cases of myalgia (11.2%) were seen with simvastatin-fenofibrate. In nine patients on atorvastatin (20.4%) a 30% or greater fall in HDL was observed, compared to five patients with resin therapy (9.2%) and two with fibrate therapy (5.5%). There were no significant differences in liver or muscle biochemistry between the regimens, but atorvastatin did raise transaminase and creatine kinase concentrations significantly compared to pre-treatment values (p = 0.001). Atorvastatin significantly improves the lipid profile in most patients compared with other regimens. It has a comparable incidence of side-effects to combination therapy regimens.      

糖尿病骨质疏松大鼠破骨细胞的改变

目的:采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素 切除双侧卵巢复合方法建立绝经后糖尿病骨质疏松大鼠模型,观察糖尿病骨质疏松大鼠破骨细胞的改变。方法:实验于2003-12/2004-08在河北医科大学第三医院中心实验室完成。①实验材料:选用2.5～3个月龄清洁级雌性Wistar大鼠60只。②实验分组:完全随机设计分为6组:正常对照组、正常假手术组及正常双侧卵巢切除组均为8只;糖尿病对照组、糖尿病假手术组及糖尿病双侧卵巢切除组均为12只。③实验干预:采用链脲佐菌素诱导制备糖尿病大鼠模型1周后,将大鼠麻醉结扎输卵管切除卵巢。假手术组大鼠不作卵巢切除,余操作同去卵巢组。卵巢切除后0,2,4,8周随机选择各组大鼠1只,收集骨髓,进行体外骨髓破骨细胞样细胞的培养。④实验评估:切除双侧卵巢后2,4,8周时测量各组大鼠体质量、血糖;细胞培养7d后,进行细胞固定和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色(抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色阳性且细胞核≥3个的细胞认定为破骨细胞样细胞);倒置显微镜计数破骨细胞样细胞数量。结果:制成糖尿病模型及切除卵巢后,3组糖尿病大鼠死亡7只,进入结果分析53只。①各组大鼠血糖和体质量的变化:切除卵巢0,2,4,8周,3组糖尿病大鼠血糖均高于正常组(P<0.01),体质量均低于正常组(P<0.01);4周时,正常双侧卵巢切除组体质量高于同期正常对照组和正常假手术组;糖尿病双侧卵巢切除组体质量在2,4,8周时均高于同期糖尿病对照组和糖尿病假手术组(4周P<0.05,8周P<0.01)。②切除卵巢后各组大鼠体外培养的破骨细胞样细胞形成的变化:糖尿病双侧卵巢切除大鼠破骨细胞多于糖尿病大鼠及正常去卵巢大鼠,且破骨细胞数量随着去卵巢的时间和糖尿病病程延长而增加。③骨髓来源的体外破骨细胞样细胞的形成与血糖、糖尿病病程及去卵巢时间的相关性分析:破骨细胞数量与糖尿病病程呈正相关,而与血糖增高的程度无关(r=-0.537;P=0.109)。结论:①卵巢切除对大鼠的血糖无显著影响,对大鼠体质量的影响被糖尿病减弱,在糖尿病早期破骨细胞样细胞的形成已有增加。②破骨细胞形成增加可能是绝经后糖尿病骨质疏松的原因之一。     

Multicenter evaluation of AYC.2.2 agar for the isolation of mycobacteria from clinical samples

PurposeThe aim of this multicenter study is to evaluate AYC.2.2 agar for the isolation of mycobacteria from clinical samples.MethodsTotally 5559 media were tested in 7 centers. AYC.2.2 agar media for the study were prepared by C1 and sent to other centers under appropriate conditions. Other media except AYC.2.2 agar were purchased commercially.The media were subjected to routine laboratory operations in the center where they were sent. After the samples received for routine processing (in all centers, samples were processed with the same method (NALC-NaOH)), they were cultivated on routine media and AYC.2.2 agar afterward.ResultsC1: Average growth time was determined as 12.74±3.74 days with MGIT 960 system; 24.42±4.75 days with LJ and 24.37±4.96 days with AYC.2.2 agar. C2: Average growth time was determined as 18.25±9.32 days with TK-Medium, 28.73±7.44 days with LJ, and 31.72±6.35 days with AYC.2.2 agar. C3: Average growth time was determined as 20.48±7.24 days with Ogawa medium, 20.74±7.12 days with LJ, and 20.26±7.43 days with AYC.2.2 agar. C4: Average growth time was determined as 15.27±6.37 days with MGIT 960 system, 22.14±9.1 days with LJ, and 22±8.45 days with AYC.2.2 agar. C5: Average growth time was determined as 13±4.24 days with MGIT 960 system, 32.16±6.23 days with LJ, and 33±5.73 days with AYC.2.2 agar. C6: Average growth time was determined as 9±3.11 days with MGIT 960 system, 18.68±5.32 days with LJ, and 18.34±4.63 days AYC.2.2 agar. C7: Average growth time was determined as 14.74±7.65 with MGIT 960 system, 26.01±8.21 days with LJ, and 26.24±7.88 days with AYC.2.2 agar.ConclusionsIn conclusion, similar results were obtained with LJ and Ogawa media and AYC.2.2 agar. Furthermore, more studies should be conducted for isolation of M. tuberculosis and performing antibiotic susceptibility tests using AYC.2.2 agar before it can be used as a routine media in the laboratories.     

The association of low-grade systemic inflammation with hypertensive retinopathy

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a marker of systemic low-grade inflammation. The pathophysiologic mechanism of hypertensive retiopathy (HR) is not fully established. Elevated blood pressure (BP) alone does not fully account for the extent of retinopathy, other pathogenic mechanisms may be involved, such as low-grade inflammation. Therefore, this study was designed to answer the following questions. (i) Do hs-CRP levels change in HR? (ii) Is there any relation between degree of HR and hs-CRP levels? This study included 84 hypertensive patients with HR. The hypertensive patients were divided into two groups according to the Keith-Wagener classification. Group 1 comprised 42 patients with grade I HR, and Group 2 comprised 42 patients with grade II HR. We selected 42 healthy subjects matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) for control group. The level of hs-CRP in group 2 was significantly higher than in group 1 group (p = 0.018) and control group (p = 0.001), it was also higher in group 1 than in control group (p = 0.002). Also, hs-CRP showed positive correlations with degree of HR (r = 0.29, p = 0.017). Our study suggests that there is a relationship between HR and hs-CRP levels, which may be associated with systemic low- grade inflammation.     

Cerebral venous thrombosis in Behçet’s disease compared to those associated with other etiologies

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is caused by various etiologies. In Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries, Behçet’s disease (BD) is one of the leading causes of CVT. We aimed to evaluate any differences in CVT patients with and without BD. All registered patients with CVT were evaluated retrospectively. Clinical, neuroradiological findings and follow-up data were compared between patients with BD and patients with other etiologies. There were 36 patients with CVT and BD, and 32 patients with CVT related to other etiological causes. BD patients were younger (median age at onset 26 vs. 39 years; P < 0.001), and there was a male preponderance (28 males, 8 females) as compared to the non-BD group (10 males, 22 females; P < 0.001). Onset was frequently acute in the non-BD group, and it was subacute or chronic in the BD group. Hemi/quadriparesis, aphasia and seizures were significantly more common (P < 0.001) in the non-BD group. In the BD group 94% of the patients presented with symptoms of isolated intracranial hypertension (P < 0.001). Venous infarcts were observed in 63% of the patients with other causes and in 6% of the patients with BD (P < 0.001). At admission 97% of the patients in the BD group and 41% of the patients in the non-BD group had a modified Rankin score of 0–2. Outcome was good in all of the patients with BD and in 91% of patients with other causes. Clinical recurrences were seen in six patients with BD and in one patient without BD. CVT associated with BD has a subacute onset, mostly presents with signs of isolated intracranial hypertension and venous infarction rarely develops; these features distinguish CVT due to BD from those with other causes.     

Long-term care cost drivers and expenditure projection to 2036 in Hong Kong

Background  

Hong Kong's rapidly ageing population, characterised by one of the longest life expectancies and the lowest fertility rate in the world, is likely to drive long-term care (LTC) expenditure higher. This study aims to identify key cost drivers and derive quantitative estimates of Hong Kong's LTC expenditure to 2036.