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41.
Selective modulation of protein kinase isozymes by the site-selective analog 8-chloroadenosine 3'',5''-cyclic monophosphate provides a biological means for control of human colon cancer cell growth. 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
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Carlos Eduardo Pouey da Cunha Samuel Rodrigues Felix Amilton Clair Pinto Seixas Neto Anelize Campello-Felix Frederico Schmitt Kremer Leonardo Garcia Monte Marta Gon?alves Amaral Márcia de Oliveira Nobre éverton Fagonde da Silva Cláudia Pinho Hartleben Alan John Alexander McBride Odir Antonio Dellagostin 《The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene》2016,94(3):519-521
Leptospirosis is a global zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. In this study, we characterized two Leptospira kirschneri serogroup Pomona serovar Mozdok isolates, one obtained from a dog and the other from a patient with severe leptospirosis, 4 years later. Histopathological analysis showed that both isolates caused severe tissue damage when used to infect hamsters. While L. kirschneri serogroup Pomona serovar Mozdok is endemic in animals in Europe, there is only one report of human leptospirosis in the literature. Although strains belonging to L. kirschneri serogroup Pomona have been identified in cases of human leptospirosis in Europe, serovar Mozdok has not yet been implicated. The 4-year interval between isolations and the fact that this is the first report of serovar Mozdok as the causative agent of human leptospirosis in the southern hemisphere, demonstrates its epidemiological importance to public health. Moreover, the presence of serovar Mozdok in Brazil has the potential to affect vaccine and diagnostic test development.Leptospirosis is a reemerging zoonotic disease, and the global burden is showing an upward trend. The original estimates in 19991 predicted some 500,000 annual cases compared with the latest prediction of 873,000 cases and 49,000 mortalities per year, a 74.6% increase over 15 years.2 Accurate laboratory diagnosis continues to be a limiting factor, meaning that the true global burden of leptospirosis is likely to be much higher.3 In Latin America, the prevalence of severe leptospirosis is high (10,000 cases a year) due to the tropical climate and lack of appropriate sanitation.3 Although the city of Pelotas has a subtropical climate, > 50 cases of human leptospirosis per 100,000 inhabitants are reported each year, one of the highest rates in southern Brazil.4 The infection rate in Pelotas is higher than the Brazilian average for the same period (3.5/100,000) and other regions with similar climatic conditions (> 10/100,000).5At present, there are 10 pathogenic Leptospira spp. classified into > 260 serovars6 and Leptospira interrogans, Leptospira borgpetersenii, and Leptospira kirschneri are most commonly associated with human leptospirosis.7 In Brazil, L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae and Copenhageni are the main cause of urban leptospirosis and have been widely studied,3 whereas rural leptospirosis and the associated serovars have been largely neglected. To the best of our knowledge, L. kirschneri serogroup Pomona serovar Mozdok has only been implicated in a case of human leptospirosis in Cuba.8 Serovar Mozdok is endemic to Croatia where it is prevalent in wild rodents. Human leptospirosis caused by serogroup Pomona is common in that region and while serovar Mozdok has not been implicated in any human cases,9 it is a causative agent of canine leptospirosis in Europe.10We report the isolation and characterization of two isolates of serovar Mozdok recovered from cases of canine and human leptospirosis in Pelotas, southern Brazil. The canine strain was isolated in 2009 during a municipal dog neutering campaign. Urine samples were aseptically collected from the bladder during ovarian hysterectomy, via aspiration using an insulin 30-G needle and syringe (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ). The urine was immediately inoculated into unsupplemented Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH; Difco, Sparks, MD) medium (100 μL urine/5 mL EMJH), incubated for 1 hour and then subcultured into EMJH containing 10% of a commercial supplement (Difco). The dog from which the strain was isolated was asymptomatic and was released after the surgical procedure. The second isolate was obtained from the blood culture of a 56-year-old female patient from a rural area of the city. The patient presented with headache, myalgia, fever, vomiting, fatigue, sleepiness, and arthralgia and reported contact with dogs, rats, pigs, cattle, and flood water. The isolate was cultured in EMJH medium as described for the canine isolate. Both isolates were identified as L. kirschneri by means of secY gene sequencing.11 Multilocus sequence typing (MLST)7 further characterized the isolates as L. kirschneri serogroup Pomona serovar Mozdok (ST 117). All sequencing procedures were performed using the paired-end technology on an Illumina Solexa platform (Illumina, San Diego, CA; GenBank accession numbers for sequences are shown in Gene Isolate 61H Isolate 3759 mreA KP114449 KP125524 glmU KP114450 KP125525 caiB KP114451 KP125526 pfkB KP114452 KP125527 pntA KP114453 KP125528 sucA KP114454 KP125529 tpiA KP114455 KP125530 secY KP114457 KP125532