芳香PET树脂母粒的研制

通过丙烯酸和丙烯酸正丁酯溶液共聚合，得到丙烯酸－丙烯酸正丁酯共聚物，该树脂与环氧氯丙烷反应后再与PET树脂切片继续反应，可使PET树脂切片表面形成聚丙烯酸酯自膨润型吸油网络结构，将表面具有聚丙烯酸酯自身膨润型吸油网络结构的PET树脂切片（简称为留香剂）在油溶性香精中浸泡，香精就被吸附在留香剂表面，即得到芳香PET树脂母粒。用SEM观察了母粒的表面结构形态。     

SOD-like Activity of Copper Salicylate Complex in Tween Micel-lar Systems

合成了水杨酸铜络合物并分析了其组成，提纯了Ｔｗｅｅｎ－２０，－４０，－６０，－８０，并测定了它们在ｐＨ７．４的磷酸缓冲液中的ＣＭＣ。用Ｃｙｔ．ｃ还原法分别测定了水杨酸铜络合物在不同介质中的ＳＯＤ样活性。详细研究了表面活性剂与水杨酸铜络合物协同清除Ｏ－２的作用。观察到在胶束体系中水杨酸铜络合物的ＳＯＤ样活性明显高于缓冲液体系无表面活性剂时的ＳＯＤ样活性，表面活性剂本身也具有清除Ｏ－２的功能。抗红细胞膜脂质过氧化实验也得到类似结果。这可用胶束催化解释。水杨酸铜－Ｔｗｅｅｎ体系可能是一种潜在的抗炎药物。     

1,6-二磷酸果糖治疗婴幼儿肺炎心衰疗效观察

应用脉冲多普勒超声心动图对３０例使用１，６－二磷酸果糖的肺炎心衰患儿进行心室舒缩功能指标的观测，并以２０例常规治疗的心衰患儿及２０例正常儿为对照组，评价１，６－二磷酸果糖的疗效。结果表明，１，６－二磷酸果糖能明显改善ＰＥＰ、ＰＥＰ／ＥＴ、ＰＥＰ／Ｒ－Ｒ、ＦＶＩ和ＳＶ等心室收缩功能指标及ＰＦＶＥ、Ｅ／Ａ、ＰＦＶＡ等心室舒张功能指标，使心功能恢复正常。１，６－二磷酸果糖对肺炎心衰引起的心肌缺血、缺氧有保护作用。     

利巴韦林在严重急性呼吸综合征中的应用

抗病毒药利巴韦林(ribavirin)被临床用于抗严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)病毒，利巴韦林与激素联用对SARS的疗效肯定，但亦有一定不良反应。本文对其临床使用方法、疗效、不良反应及注意事项等作一综述。     

Deletion of aldose reductase leads to protection against cerebral ischemic injury.

Previously, we reported that transgenic mice overexpressing endothelin-1 in astrocytes showed more severe neurological deficits and increased infarct after transient focal ischemia. In those studies, we also observed increased level of aldose reductase (AR), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the polyol pathway, which has been implicated in osmotic and oxidative stress. To further understand the involvement of the polyol pathway, the mice with deletion of enzymes in the polyol pathway, AR, and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SD), which is the second enzyme in this pathway, were challenged with similar cerebral ischemic injury. Deletion of AR-protected animals from severe neurological deficits and large infarct, whereas similar protection was not observed in mice with SD deficiency. Most interestingly, AR(-/-) brains showed lowered expression of transferrin and transferrin receptor with less iron deposition and nitrotyrosine accumulation. The protection against oxidative stress in AR(-/-) brain was also associated with less poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 activation. Pharmacological inhibition of AR by Fidarestat also protected animals against cerebral ischemic injury. These findings are the first to show that AR contributes to iron- and transferrin-related oxidative stress associated with cerebral ischemic injury, suggesting that inhibition of AR but not SD may have therapeutic potential against cerebral ischemic injury.     

蕲蛇酶减轻大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的实验研究(Ⅱ)

目的 从病理形态学观察蕲蛇酶对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用并探讨其机制。方法 采用线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞后再灌注模型，光镜及电镜观察缺血3h恢复血流再灌24h后脑组织形态学变化。TTC染色观察脑梗死面积，免疫组织化学方法检测脑组织碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）的表达。用药组分别在缺血即刻或再灌即刻静脉给予不同剂量的蕲蛇酶，观察比较模型组和蕲蛇酶所有给药组之间上述指标的变化。结果 缺血即刻给蕲蛇酶4U／kg组较再灌即刻给蕲蛇酶同剂量组显著减小梗死灶（P〈0．001），减轻脑组织病理改变，并使脑组织中bFGF蛋白表达明显增多。结论 蕲蛇酶对脑缺血再灌注损伤的神经保护作用可能与脑组织中bFGF表达增高有关；提示该药早期使用更为有效。     

Paired kidney analysis of tacrolimus and cyclosporine microemulsion-based therapy in Chinese cadaveric renal transplant recipients

Few studies used paired kidneys for comparison between tacrolimus and cyclosporine in renal transplantation. Most of the published data used whole blood trough levels for drug monitoring. However, the use of limited sampling strategy and abbreviated formula to estimate the 12-h area under concentration-time curve (AUC(0-12)) allowed better prediction of drug exposure. Sixty-six first cadaveric renal transplant recipients receiving paired kidneys were randomized to receive either tacrolimus-based (n = 33) or cyclosporine microemulsion (Neoral)-based therapies (n = 33). Abbreviated AUC(0-12) was used for drug monitoring and dose titration. Mean follow-up duration was 2.8 +/- 2 years. The patient and graft survival were comparable. Fewer incidence of acute rejection was observed in tacrolimus group (15% vs. 27.3%) though the difference was not significant (P = 0.23). The absolute value and the rate of decline of creatinine clearance were both significantly better in tacrolimus-treated patients. Prevalence of hypertension, post-transplant diabetes mellitus, infection, and malignancy were similar in both groups. Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (11/33 vs. 4/33) and gum hypertrophy (6/33 vs. 1/33) was more common in cyclosporine-treated patients (P = 0.04 in both parameters). This was the first prospective, randomized study with paired kidney analysis showing the renal function was significantly better in tacrolimus-treated patients than in cyclosporine-treated patients.     

米非司酮对妊娠中期胎儿心脏超微结构的影响

目的:探讨米非司酮对妊娠中期胎儿心脏超微结构的影响。方法:将计划引产孕妇随机分为两组:对照组(水囊组)10例,实验组(米非司酮+水囊)15例。实验组按孕龄分为实验Ⅰ组(10例,16~22周),实验Ⅱ组(5例,23~28周)。实验组口服米非司酮100mg,连服3天,行水囊引产,对照组只行水囊引产。胎儿娩出后取心肌组织进行样本制备,然后在电镜下观察组织的超微结构。结果:细胞肿胀、空化,细胞膜不完整,闰盘分离,部分细胞连接消失。细胞核多呈不规则形,核内染色质凝聚呈块状,部分细胞核空化,核周围可见脂褐素。大部分肌丝断裂,肌节结构消失,少数可辩残留肌节结构,其间可见少量核糖体,但各带结构不清。线粒体肿胀,高度空化,嵴断裂,细胞基质局部空化。毛细血管内皮细胞肿胀。心肌组织细胞的超微结构有改变,且孕龄越小,超微结构改变越明显。结论:米非司酮可以引发胎儿心脏的缺血缺氧性改变。     

经肝动脉As2O3碘化油化疗栓塞 对兔肝移植瘤生长及转移的影响

目的观察As2O3与碘油联合经肝动脉化疗栓塞术后对兔VX2肝移植瘤生长及转移的作用.方法 40只家兔肝内肿瘤种植后2周,随机分为5组,经肝动脉插管分别给予不同处理,实验设生理盐水灌注组、As2O3灌注组、单纯碘油栓塞组、阿霉素碘油栓塞及As2O3碘油栓塞组,As2O3的用量为2 mg/kg.肿瘤种植后5周,测量动物体重,所有动物均处死,取出肝脏及双肺标本,测定肝脏的重量,计算肝移植瘤的体积、坏死面积,观察肝内、双肺及其他器官肿瘤转移的发生率.结果肿瘤植入后5周,各处理组动物体重均有明显的下降,肝脏重量增加,计算的肝指数各组分别为9.8±2.2、9.7±2.1、8.5±2.0、8.4±2.1、6.4±1.2;肿瘤体积分别为(35.5±7.6) cm3、(32.2±9.7) cm3、(21.2±8.5) cm3、(20.9±11.3) cm3、(11.8±4.0) cm3,栓塞治疗组与非栓塞治疗组间差异有统计学意义,As2O3碘油栓塞治疗组与其他组相比差异有统计学意义.平均坏死率各组间差异无明显的统计学意义.双肺转移结节的数目各组分别为52.4±32.2、51.8±26.3、54.8±29.2、53.5±30.7、19.6±17.0;转移结节的直径各组分别为(3.8±1.2) mm、(3.6±1.1) mm、(3.9±1.3) mm、(3.5±1.6) mm、(2.2±0.7) mm.As2O3碘油栓塞治疗组与其他各组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 As2O3与碘油联合经肝动脉栓塞治疗,可抑制肝移植瘤的生长及肺转移.     

肾病综合征患者腺苷脱氨酶活性的变化及意义

通过检测对激素不同反应、不同病情的肾病综合征（NS）患者的血清及淋巴细胞内腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）的活性变化，观察ADA活性与临床疗效的关系。