Tissue-specific homing receptor mediates lymphocyte adhesion to cytokine-stimulated lymph node high endothelial venule cells.

Lymphocytes bind to high endothelial venule (HEV) cells as the first step in the migration of these cells into lymph nodes (LN) and Peyer's patches (PP). In this study we isolated and cultured HEV cells from rat LN and investigated the effects of cytokines on the adhesiveness of these cells for lymphocytes. The results showed that lymphocytes from thoracic duct, spleen and LN adhered preferentially to the cultured LN HEV cells compared to cells isolated from the thymus and bone marrow. The adhesiveness of LN HEV cells for thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) was significantly increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner by pretreatment of the HEV cells with tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or interleukin-4 (IL-4). In contrast, pretreatment of HEV cells with IL-1, IL-6 or IL-7 did not alter the capacity of LN HEV cells to adhere lymphocytes. Furthermore, incubation of LN HEV cells with suboptimal doses of TNF and IL-4, IFN-gamma and IL-4, or TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma increased significantly the endothelial adhesiveness. Interestingly, although IL-1 alone did not promote the adhesiveness of HEV cells, the cytokine synergized with suboptimal doses of IL-4 and TNF-alpha to increase the adhesiveness. The adhesion of TDL to non-stimulated and IL-4-stimulated LN HEV cells could be blocked specifically by treatment of lymphocytes with the LN homing-receptor-specific A.11.5 monoclonal antibody (mAb). In contrast, lymphocytes pretreated with the PP-homing receptor-specific 1B.2.6 mAb or the antileucocyte common antigen (OX1) mAb adhered normally to the HEV cells. Taken together, these results indicate that the baseline and cytokine-stimulated bindings between lymphocytes and LN HEV cells are mediated by adhesive mechanisms that regulate lymphocyte migration into LN in vivo and provide strong evidence that cytokines are central mediators of organ-specific lymphocyte migration.     

特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着症和肺出血-肾炎综合征

报告3例特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着症和1例肺出血—肾炎综合征。4例肺部病变相同,所异者肺出血—肾炎综合征在后期出现新月体型肾小球肾炎。讨论了肺病变的形态发生和两病的病因、发病。     

41例女性慢性输血后丙型肝炎10～15年后的感染状态

目的　了解我国女性输血后丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV)感染的慢性化规律和影响因素。方法　对河北省固安县 1989～ 1993年 4 1例女性慢性输血后丙型肝炎患者的现状进行调查 ,包括临床表现 ,血清生物化学指标 ,病毒学标志检测及B型超声检查。其中 ,HCVRNA的测定采用荧光定量PCR方法 ,抗 HIV ,抗 HCV和HBsAg测定采用酶联免疫吸附试验。结果　 4 1例女性丙型肝炎患者平均年龄 (40± 7)岁 ,随访时间 10～ 15年 ,HCVRNA间隔半年两次检测 ,自然阴转率为 19 5 1% (8 4 1)。 30例(73% )现在有症状 ,以乏力最为常见 (77% )。总的丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT)和 (或 )天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST)异常率为 32 % (13 4 1) ,均为轻度异常 ,无中度和重度。B超轻度慢性肝炎占 83% (34 4 1) ,中度占 17%(7 4 1) ,无重度。结论　平均感染 (13± 1)年的女性输血后慢性丙型肝炎患者多数肝脏炎症轻微慢性感染进程中有部分感染者出现HCVRNA自发阴转。     

A randomised controlled trial to test the feasibility of a collaborative care model for the management of depression in older people

BACKGROUND: Depression is the most common mental health disorder in people aged over 65 years. Late-life depression is associated with chronic illness and disability. AIM: To investigate the feasibility of a collaborative care model for depression in older people in a primary care setting. DESIGN OF STUDY: Randomised controlled trial with 16-weeks follow up. SETTING: A primary care trust in Manchester. METHOD: Participants were 105 people aged 60 years or older who scored 5 or more on the Geriatric Depression Scale; 53 were randomly allocated to an intervention group and 52 to a usual care group. The intervention group received care managed by a community psychiatric nurse who delivered an intervention comprising a facilitated self-help programme with close liaison with primary care professionals and old-age psychiatry according to a defined protocol. The usual care group received usual GP care. A nested qualitative study explored the views of the health professionals and patients regarding the acceptability and effectiveness of the intervention. RESULTS: The main outcome measure was recovery from depression. Patients in the intervention group were less likely to suffer from major depressive disorder at follow up compared with usual care (0.32, 95% confidence = interval = 0.11 to 0.93, P = 0.036). The qualitative component of the study demonstrated the acceptability of the intervention to patients. CONCLUSION: A model of collaborative care for older people with depression, used in a primary care setting with a facilitated self-help intervention is more effective than usual GP care. This study demonstrates that the implementation of a collaborative care model is feasible in UK primary care and that the intervention is effective and acceptable to patients.     

细胞低温显微图象的计算机处理及定量分析

本文用计算机图象处理技术对细胞显微图象进行处理和定量分析,求出了细胞面积在低温保存中极其重要的参数。实验证明,计算机测量比人工精度高,误差小,同时新颖的标号去噪方法也非常有效。     

Linkage exclusion and mutational analysis of the noggin gene in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an extremely rare and disabling genetic disorder characterized by congenital malformation of the great toes and by progressive heterotopic endochondral ossification in predictable anatomical patterns. Although elevated levels of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) occur in lymphoblastoid cells and in lesional cells of patients with FOP, mutations have not been identified in the BMP4 gene, suggesting that the mutation in FOP may reside in a BMP4-interacting factor or in another component of the BMP4 pathway. A powerful antagonist of BMP4 is the secreted polypeptide noggin. A recent case report described a heterozygous 42-bp deletion in the protein-coding region of the noggin gene in a patient with FOP. In order to determine if noggin mutations are a widespread finding in FOP, we examined 31 families with 1 or more FOP patients. Linkage analysis with an array of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers closely linked to the noggin gene was performed in four classically-affected multigenerational FOP families and excluded linkage of the noggin locus to FOP (the multipoint lod score was -2 or less throughout the entire range of markers). We sequenced the noggin gene in affected members of all four families, as well as in 18 patients with sporadic FOP, and failed to detect any mutations. Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of 4 of these patients plus an additional 9 patients also failed to reveal any mutations. Among the samples analyzed by SSCP and DNA sequencing was an independently obtained DNA sample from the identical FOP patient previously described with the 42-bp noggin deletion; no mutation was detected. Examination of the DNA sequences of 20 cloned noggin PCR products, undertaken to evaluate the possibility of a somatic mutation in the noggin gene which could be carried by a small subset of white blood cells, also failed to detect the presence of the reported 42-bp deletion. We conclude that mutations in the coding region of noggin are not associated with FOP.     

胎牛血清外泌体对成骨细胞增殖的作用

背景:研究表明外泌体具有促进骨再生的能力,但从胎牛血清中提取的外泌体是否可以促进骨形成仍存在争议。目的:观察胎牛血清外泌体对成骨细胞增殖能力的影响,从而为临床治疗骨破坏提供新思路。方法:通过超速离心法从胎牛血清中提取外泌体,采用透射电子显微镜和Western blot法验证外泌体是否提取成功;然后用10 mg/L胎牛血清外泌体干预成骨前体细胞MC3T3-E1,通过CCK-8实验检测外泌体对成骨细胞增殖能力的影响,Western blot检测外泌体对成骨细胞骨形态发生蛋白2和骨桥蛋白表达的影响。以不含外泌体的胎牛血清培养的MC3T3-E1细胞为对照组。结果与结论:①胎牛血清外泌体具有典型的脂质双层膜结构,大小在30-150 nm之间,外泌体表面标记因子CD81表达呈阳性,而微囊表面标记物CD40表达呈阴性;②外泌体组的增殖能力明显高于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);外泌体组成骨标志性因子骨形态发生蛋白2和骨桥蛋白的表达水平明显高于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);③结果表明,胎牛血清外泌体对成骨细胞的增殖起促进作用,可为临床治疗骨破坏提供新思路。     

耳穴静态电测量中的瞬变响应

耳穴电参数时变关系实验表明，在测量起始ｔ＜２τ时，因瞬变作用，电位Ｅ（ｔ）和压降Ｕ（ｔ）为瞬态响应，响应函数呈指数关系，特征参数为弛豫时间τ，τ≈ＲＣ；ｔ＞２τ时，为时变间期。电路分析给出数学描述，并与耳穴和模拟实验结果较相符。提示，时变特征应以ｔ＞２τ后提取，静态电测量时，采样应避开瞬变期，可提高准确性。该工作对正确鉴别时变性和特征提取，全面认识耳穴电特性具有重要意义。     

立体定向治疗中靶心定位的算法

本文介绍了在立体定向放射神经外科中，根据病人配戴头环和ＣＴ定标架作ＣＴ扫描所得的ＣＴ断层图像或配戴ＡＶＭ定位箱做血管造影得到的两张Ｘ光片确定病人颅内病灶的三维坐标的方法。     

腺病毒载体介导的lacZ基因在NG细胞系及大鼠黑质的表达

本实验用标记基因ｌａｃＺ５型重组腺病毒（Ａｄ５ＣＭＶｌａｃＺ）转染培养的ＮＧ细胞系，Ｘ－ｇａｌ染色检测转染效率．在培养的ＮＧ细胞系，当病毒滴度为２×１０８时，转集率达到５０％，当滴度为２×１０９时，转染率达１００％，有较好的量效关系；固定病毒液度为１０１０，培养２～１６ｈ，细胞的转染率随时间延长而提高，有较好的时效关系。将Ａｄ５ＣＭＶｌａｃＺ注射到大鼠黑质部位后，分别于注射后３～１２０ｄ取脑、切片、Ｘ－ｇａｌ染色，发现黑质局部从第７ｄ开始有部分蓝染，第１０ｄ达高峰，注射局部感染率１００％；９０ｄ时开始下降，持续至１２０ｄ；纹状体等其它部位无蓝染．上述结果提示，腺病毒载体介导的标记基因可在培养的神经细胞系和中脑黑质部位高效表达，为进一步开展中枢神经系统退变性疾病尤其是帕金森氏病的基因治疗奠定基础。