谈谈如何设计教学内容

教学内容的设计是教学设计中的重要组成部分，从针对学生的具体情况，合理选择教学内容；把握知识结构体系，使教学内容呈现整体性；客观分析教学内容，抓住重点与中心；突破教材教学内容，实现教学内容的延伸4个方面，探讨如何设计教学内容。     

Relationship among dosages of aminophylline, plasma levels of theophylline and variation of pulmonary arterial pressure]

The relationship among the dosages of aminophylline, plasma levels of theophylline and variations of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) in 72 patients with COPD was investigated. The results showed that after a different loading dosage of aminophylline (6 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg) was administered by intravenous injection, mPAP in the 6 mg/kg group was decreased more significantly (P less than 0.01) than that in the 4 mg/kg group. In the 6 mg/kg group, the decreased mPAP period sustained for 120 min, which was longer than that in the other 2 groups. The plasma levels of theophylline in the 6 mg/kg group of patients 30 to 120 min after loading dose injected were 115.54-79.04 mumol/L, which were higher than that in the others. Within the 120 min period of observation after the drug was administered no patients in any of these groups showed severe untoward effects. According to the results of this experiment, we suggest that the 6 mg/kg as a loading dose should be advised for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in COPD. The optimum time to give the maintenance dosage should be set within 2 h after the loading dose. It is necessary to monitor the plasma levels of theophylline while aminophylline is administered, so that optimal therapeutic effects could be achieved without side effects.     

重度创伤患者外周血单个核细胞HLA-DR的表达与创伤后免疫功能障碍的关系

为了探讨创伤后机体细胞免疫、体液免疫及红细胞免疫功能障碍与外周血单个核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达率之间的关系，本文选择了３０例重度复合伤病人。在住院治疗期间，连续观察了患者受伤当日、伤后第３、１０、２０ｄ及出院前一天外周血单个核细胞ＨＬＡＤＲ表达率的变化及其与细胞免疫、体液免疫及红细胞免疫功能状况之间的相关性，发现创伤病人自受伤当日至出院前外周血单个核细胞膜上ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达率的变化无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５），提示创伤后免疫功能障碍不是由于外周血单个核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达异常所致。     

Giant-cell tumor of the sacrum: an analysis of 10 cases

Giant-cell tumor of the sacrum is rare. There were only a few reports of large series in the literature. From 1960-1988 a total of ten cases giant-cell tumor of the sacrum were treated in our Department. The average age of the patients was 34 years (with range of 19-49 years). The lesions located in the proximal parts of the sacrums in 8 cases, and in S3-5 in another 2 cases. of 10, 7 were treated with en bloc resection or subtotal resection. of the sacrum, and followed by irradiation in 5 of 7 cases (with range of 2000r-4500r). All the 7 cases were followed up without any evidence of local recurrence or distant metastases. The average follow-up period was 10.3 years (with range of 1.5-27.5 years). The rectal, bladder and sexual function were normal or restored. The other 3 cases, biopsied in 2, partially resected in 1, died less than one year after diagnosis. Comparing the died group with the survival group, we concluded that early diagnosis and thorough excision of the tumor are the two decisive factors for a favorable prognosis.     

5名电离辐射事故患者外周血T细胞T细胞抗原受体、T细胞分化抗原决定簇－3效应的研究

文中报道了５名事故性急性骨髓型放射病患者照后２．５和３．５年外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞Ｔ细胞受体（ＴＣＲ）基因，ＴＣＲ、Ｔ细胞分化抗原决定簇－３（ＣＤ_３）表达与ＴＣＲ／ＣＤ_３复合物功能的辐射效应．发现５名患者于照后２．５年，２名（５．２Ｇｙ和２．４Ｇｙ，５５岁）于照后３．５年外周血Ｔ细胞应答抗ＣＤ３单抗刺激而增殖的能力尚未完全恢复；经同时用ＩＬ－２和抗ＣＤ_３单抗刺激，增殖能力比单用抗ＣＤ_３单抗刺激有所增强；后２名的外周血ＴＣＲ、ＣＤ_３阳性细胞百分率一直低于正常对照和其他患者；并见一患者出现ＤＮＡ重排杂交带型．本文并从ＴＣＲ／ＣＤ_３在介导Ｔ细胞抗原刺激反应中的作用，电离辐射对ＴＣＲ／ＣＤ_３复合物的影响，后果和意义等方面进行了讨论．     

海洛因依赖80例临床资料分析

本文对首次住院的８０例海洛因依赖者的临床资料进行分析。男性７２例，女性８例，无职业者４０％。个体户占３５％，工人占２４％，初中文化者占８５％。入院前滥用毒麻药品现象较严重。停止使用海洛因后均出现典型的戒断症状，精神依赖很强。使用丁丙诺啡替代递减疗法近期效果满意。住院期间偷吸毒品现象严重，复吸率极高。     

提高卫生院管理水平改善卫生院服务质量--陕西省项目区卫生服务管理水平分析

目的对陕西省世界银行贷款卫生Ⅷ项目利用日本赠款改善乡镇卫生院基本卫生服务情况进行分析。方法采用访谈、参与性评估以及资料复习等。结果项目县的卫生院服务供给状况得到了改善．提高了卫生院管理水平．增强了卫生服务能力，提高了服务效率，特困人口医疗救助(MFA)实施效果得到提高。但是存在配套资金不到位的问题，应加大特困人口医疗救助工作的宣传力度。建议加大项目管理力度，完善项目监督机制，推广示范点经验。     

椎管内肿瘤磁共振成像增强扫描初步观察

对１１例手术病理证实的椎管内肿瘤进行磁共振成像（ＭＲＩ）增强扫描的前、后分析，并对肿瘤定位、定性和鉴别诊断作了初步探讨。根据肿瘤形态、边界、强化程度，及与脊髓、硬脊膜、神经根等关系，ＭＲＩ的增强扫描对提高其定位、定性诊断均有较大的帮助。     

云南阳春砂仁的质量与生态环境关系的探讨

当前云南阳春砂仁产量,占全国总产量的65.5％,商品有左右全国砂仁市场之势。经调查云南产区生态环境较原产区广东阳春县为优,故表现出植株生长较高,果实较大,每室籽粒数较多等性状特征之差,这些差异并非是物种的变异,而是生态环境较好所致。从两地商品中的精油成分和微量元素分析结果也基本一致,认为影响云南阳春砂仁质量的酸味,两地商品均有,并都来源于假种皮,只不过云南商品果实较大,假种皮较厚,总酸含量较高,但是总酸均为无毒副作用的低分子有机酸,不影响砂仁的质量。因此我们认为云南引种区的阳春砂仁质量,与广东原产区的阳春砂仁质量应基本一致。     

结直肠癌中雄激素受体及其与临床病理学特征关系的研究

应用放射性配基结合分析法，检测了４０例结直肠癌及部分癌旁正常粘膜组织中的雄激素受体（ＡｎｄｒｏｇｅｎＲｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ，ＡＲ），同时分析了ＡＲ水平与临床病理学变化的关系。证实结直肠癌ＡＲ数目（３３．７±２３．３ｆｍｏｌ／ｍｇ蛋白）明显低于癌旁５ｃｍ以外粘膜（５３．９±３２．４ｆｍｏｌ／ｍｇ蛋白），Ｐ＜０．０１，而其亲和力则无变化；结直肠癌时ＡＲ数目变化与女性、直肠癌、高分化癌及早期癌关系密切。提示ＡＲ与结直肠癌关系密切，本实验为临床上结直肠癌的诊断及内分泌治疗提供了初步资料。