肿瘤潜隐期二阶段模型

从宫颈癌、大肠癌等病种的自然史抽象出一个具有时变伴随变量的潜隐期二阶段模型。潜隐期以正常状态为起点,疾病为终点;其前阶段可逆,后阶段不可逆;状态间转移速率因病人状况而异。用Markov过程描述并求解此模型,进而给出参数估计和假设检验方法。利用此模型基于江西省靖安县12年6轮宫颈癌筛查资料进行了自然史研究,并讨论了应用前景。     

精神病混合家系GRIK2基因多态性的关联研究

目的　在中国汉族人群混合家系中探讨GRIK2基因多态性与精神分裂症、心境障碍是否 关联。方法　采用PCR RFLP技术对GRIK2基因多态性rs6922753(T/C)和rs2227283(G/A)分型,进行 传递不平衡检验(TDT)。结果　(1)rs6922753多态性与精神分裂症(χ2=3.13,P>0.05)或心境障碍 (χ2=3.20,P>0.05)无关联,但在发病年龄≤25岁的患者中与两组疾病均相关联(P<0.05);(2) rs2227283多态性与精神分裂症(χ2=9.85,P<0.01)、心境障碍(χ2=13.50,P<0.01)呈显著关联;(3) 双位点TDT提示单体型TG、CA与精神分裂症、心境障碍相关联(P<0.05)。结论　在中国汉族人群 中GRIK2基因或邻近基因可能是精神分裂症和心境障碍的共同易患基因之一,并可能影响发病年龄。     

穹隆-海马伞切断对大鼠脑内TrkA表达的影响

①目的　探讨穹隆 海马伞切断对大鼠脑内不同部位神经生长因子受体TrkA表达的影响及临床意义。②方法　成年健康雌性Wistar大鼠 10只 ,随机分为穹隆 海马伞切断模型组和假手术组。两组大鼠均常规取海马CA1区、皮质区、杏仁复合体区、基底前脑Meynert核等部位脑组织与假手术组比较TrkA阳性细胞表达情况。③结果　假手术组大脑各观察区有基础水平的TrkA表达。模型组大脑海马CA1区、大脑皮质区、杏仁复合体区以及Meynert核区TrkA阳性细胞数明显减少 (t=3.94 4～ 8.4 4 2 ,P <0 .0 5 )。 ④结论　穹隆 海马伞切断可致大鼠脑内多部位TrkA表达减少 ,其可能是导致认知和情绪损伤的原因之一。     

谈谈如何设计教学内容

教学内容的设计是教学设计中的重要组成部分，从针对学生的具体情况，合理选择教学内容；把握知识结构体系，使教学内容呈现整体性；客观分析教学内容，抓住重点与中心；突破教材教学内容，实现教学内容的延伸4个方面，探讨如何设计教学内容。     

Laryngeal edema associated with the ProSeal™ laryngeal mask airway in upper respiratory tract infection

PURPOSE: We report an unusual case of vocal cord edema associated with the use of a ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) in an adult patient with an undiagnosed upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). CLINICAL FEATURES: A 55-yr-old woman had fixation of a radial fracture under general anesthesia with muscle relaxation. She developed audible wheezing 30 min after PLMA insertion. Bronchoscopic examination revealed significant vocal cord edema. Adequate ventilation was possible at increased airway pressures, and the administration of dexamethasone 4 mg iv produced clinical resolution of the stridor and airway obstruction. The patient admitted to having mild symptoms of an URTI on postoperative questioning. CONCLUSION: Airway hyperreactivity secondary to the URTI is the most likely etiological factor; other possibilities include trauma from insertion and chemical irritation. Although pediatric studies suggest that the LMA-Classic carries less risk than endotracheal intubation in the presence of URTI, this case report demonstrates that caution is still warranted when using supraglottic airways. The PLMA permitted effective ventilation despite increased airway resistance; nevertheless its role in patients with URTI is unclear. It is possible that the bulkier cuff design of the PLMA, compared to that of the LMA-Classic, may have partly contributed to the development of edema in this setting.     

吸虱和其啮齿动物宿主的关系—偕同进化的证据

采自贵州省猪尾鼠的吸虱具有特殊的形态。李氏欣奇虱独自成为一科。双叶盲鼠虱隶拟血虱科。拟血虱科中的拟血虱属和钩板虱属均寄生于鼹科,裂虱属和盲鼠虱属则寄生于睡鼠科和刺山鼠科。后者曾被置于睡鼠科。研究食虫目动物的吸虱将可能对吸虱与其宿主动物的偕同进化提供更多的证据。     

The onset of ablation of the evoked adductor pollicis muscle twitch in children: a clinical perspective

The time to loss of the adductor pollicis muscle response to ulnar nerve stimulation at 1 Hz (twitch) after succinylcholine, 1.5 mg.kg-1 intravenously (IV), or vecuronium, 0.1 mg.kg-1 (IV), administration was assessed visually in 134 children, age 2-13 yr, during clinically determined, deep halothane, enflurane and isoflurane anaesthesia. The overall time to twitch ablation and duration of succinylcholine's action is in agreement with published times obtained under controlled experimental conditions; the onset time following vecuronium is comparable to those observed during a similar anaesthetic background measured under controlled experimental conditions. Twitch ablation after succinylcholine was achieved in half the time needed following vecuronium regardless of anaesthetic agent. Succinylcholine's and vecuronium's onset time as well as succinylcholine's duration is adequately assessed by the outlined, simple clinical means. The choice of inhalation agent does not affect the time to visible twitch ablation in a clinically relevant manner; nor does it make an appreciable difference, in clinical terms, in succinylcholine's duration of action.     

Increase of prolactin mRNA in the rat hypothalamus after intracerebroventricular injection of VIP or PACAP

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), the structurally homologous pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) and the pituitary hormone, prolactin (PRL) enhance rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). VIP and PACAP are both inducers of PRL gene expression and release in the pituitary gland. Little is known about PRL regulation in the brain although it is hypothesized that the REMS-promoting activity of i.c.v. administered VIP may be mediated via the activation of cerebral PRL. To test whether VIP or PACAP in fact increase intracerebral mRNA, the peptides (VIP: 30 or 300 pmol; PACAP: 220 pmol) were injected i.c.v. into rats at dark onset. 1 h later, cDNA was synthesized from purified hypothalamic mRNA. Standardized amounts were analysed for PRL using the polymerase chain reaction followed by Southern blotting and hybridization. Compared with β-actin mRNA levels, both VIP and PACAP increased PRL mRNA levels in a dose-dependent fashion though VIP was more effective on a molar basis. The previously reported alternatively spliced PRL mRNA (lacking exon 4) was not detected. The data support the hypothesis that the REMS-promoting activity of central VIP and PACAP might be mediated by cerebral PRL.     

双眼视差视觉诱发电位与立体视觉的关系初探

作者采用双眼视差视觉诱发电位（VEP）记录了18名正常人和9名斜视患者（立体盲），结果正常人视觉刺激VEP P₁₀₀振幅明显高于非视差刺激者；斜视患者视差刺激与非视差刺激VEP P₁₀₀振幅差异无显著性；正常人视差刺激VEP P₁₀₀振幅增加的幅度值[（DSA-NDA）/NDA]明显高于斜视患者。 （中华眼底病杂志，1992，8：10-13）     

麻城市农村某社区O～6岁儿童意外伤害流行状况及影响因素研究

目的 探讨农村地区0-6岁儿童意外伤害流行病学特征及影响因素，为开展伤害预防干预提供依据。方法 以问卷方式调查湖北省麻城市宋埠镇1998年所有发生意外伤害的0—6岁儿童，采用1：1配对病例对照研究的方法探索危险因素。结果 该地区0—6岁儿童意外伤害发生率为3．56％，男女比例为2．67：1。跌伤、烧烫伤和动物咬伤是最常见类型。13．63％的受伤儿童需住院治疗，因伤害致残疾者占1．82％。意外伤害医疗资用支出占家庭年总收入的3．94％。农村儿童意外伤害的影响因素为儿童的照顾者、家庭社会经济状况及儿童性格行为特点等。结论 意外伤害严重影响着农村地区0-6岁儿童的健康，给家庭和社会造成经济损失。预防重点是培训村级医师，开展健康教育，尤其需要提高儿童家长的安全知识水平。