全文获取类型
收费全文 | 14064篇 |
免费 | 1124篇 |
国内免费 | 36篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 99篇 |
儿科学 | 493篇 |
妇产科学 | 303篇 |
基础医学 | 2016篇 |
口腔科学 | 101篇 |
临床医学 | 1891篇 |
内科学 | 2884篇 |
皮肤病学 | 224篇 |
神经病学 | 1406篇 |
特种医学 | 312篇 |
外科学 | 1394篇 |
综合类 | 147篇 |
一般理论 | 20篇 |
预防医学 | 1739篇 |
眼科学 | 165篇 |
药学 | 971篇 |
中国医学 | 16篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1043篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 28篇 |
2023年 | 236篇 |
2022年 | 290篇 |
2021年 | 576篇 |
2020年 | 374篇 |
2019年 | 628篇 |
2018年 | 618篇 |
2017年 | 414篇 |
2016年 | 457篇 |
2015年 | 453篇 |
2014年 | 563篇 |
2013年 | 819篇 |
2012年 | 1223篇 |
2011年 | 1212篇 |
2010年 | 590篇 |
2009年 | 539篇 |
2008年 | 836篇 |
2007年 | 873篇 |
2006年 | 857篇 |
2005年 | 779篇 |
2004年 | 642篇 |
2003年 | 617篇 |
2002年 | 577篇 |
2001年 | 77篇 |
2000年 | 60篇 |
1999年 | 79篇 |
1998年 | 98篇 |
1997年 | 103篇 |
1996年 | 70篇 |
1995年 | 69篇 |
1994年 | 40篇 |
1993年 | 50篇 |
1992年 | 36篇 |
1991年 | 28篇 |
1990年 | 25篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 19篇 |
1983年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 20篇 |
1981年 | 29篇 |
1980年 | 14篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 13篇 |
1977年 | 28篇 |
1976年 | 17篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Decay-accelerating factor induction by tumour necrosis factor-alpha, through a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and protein kinase C-dependent pathway, protects murine vascular endothelial cells against complement deposition 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Immunology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Ahmad SR Lidington EA Ohta R Okada N Robson MG Davies KA Leitges M Harris CL Haskard DO Mason JC 《Immunology》2003,110(2):258-268
92.
Goodman William Downing Amy Allsop Matthew Munro Julie Taylor Claire Hubbard Gill Beeken Rebecca J. 《Quality of life research》2022,31(8):2435-2444
Quality of Life Research - Quality of life can be negatively impacted by the formation of a stoma and is influenced by a number of factors. Research to date treats people with a stoma as a... 相似文献
93.
Charlotte Cuerq Claire Bordat Charlotte Halimi Emilie Blond Marion Nowicki Noël Peretti Emmanuelle Reboul 《Nutrients》2021,13(1)
(1) Background: vitamin E is often supplemented in the form of tocopherol acetate, but it has poor bioavailability and can fail to correct blood tocopherol concentrations in some patients with severe cholestasis. In this context, α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate 1000 (TPGS) has been of value, but very little is known about the mechanisms of its absorption. The aim of our work was to evaluate the mechanisms of absorption/secretion of TPGS compared to tocopherol acetate (TAC) and α-tocopherol by human enterocyte-like Caco-2 TC7 cells. (2) Methods: two weeks post-confluence Caco-2 cells were incubated with tocopherol- or TAC- or TPGS-rich mixed micelles up to 24 h and, following lipid extraction, TAC and tocopherol amounts were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in apical, cellular, and basolateral compartments. (3) Results: at equivalent concentrations of tocopherol in the apical side, the amounts of tocopherol secreted at the basolateral pole of Caco-2 cells are (i) significantly greater when the tocopherol is in the free form in the micelles; (ii) intermediate when it is in the TAC form in the micelles (p < 0.001); and (iii) significantly lower with the TPGS form (p < 0.0001). Interestingly, our results show, for the first time, that Caco-2 cells secrete one or more esterified forms of the vitamin contained in TPGS at the basolateral side. 相似文献
94.
ObjectivePatients with rheumatic diseases often have multiple comorbidities which may impact well‐being leading to high psychosocial complexity. This scoping review was undertaken to identify complexity measures/tools used in rheumatology that could help in planning and coordinating care.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched from database inception to 14 December 2019 using keywords and Medical Subject Headings for “care coordination”, “complexity” and selected rheumatic diseases and known complexity measures/tools. Articles describing the development or use of complexity measures/tools in patients with adult rheumatologic diagnoses were included regardless of study design. Included articles were evaluated for risk of bias where applicable.ResultsThe search yielded 407 articles, 37 underwent full‐text review and 2 were identified during a hand search with 9 included articles. Only 2 complexity tools used in populations of adult patients with rheumatic disease were identified: the SLENQ and the INTERMED. The SLENQ is a 97‐item patient needs questionnaire developed for patients with systemic lupus (n = 1 study describing tool development) and applied in 5 cross‐sectional studies. Three studies (a practice article, trial and a cross‐sectional study) applied the INTERMED, a clinical interview to ascertain complexity and support coordinated care, in patients with rheumatologic diagnoses.ConclusionsThere is limited information on the use of patient complexity measures/tools in rheumatology. Such tools could be applied to coordinate multidisciplinary care and improve patient experience and outcomes.Patient contributionThis scoping review will be presented to patient research partners involved in co‐designing a future study on patient complexity in rheumatic disease. 相似文献
95.
Anna Song Beeber Christine E. Kistler Sheryl Zimmerman Cassandra Dictus Kimberly Ward Claire Farel Keith Chrzan Christopher J. Wretman Marcella Boyton-Hansen Michael Pignone Philip D. Sloane 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2021,22(1):156-163
ObjectivesTo determine what information is most important to registered nurses' (RNs) decisions to call clinicians about suspected urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing home residents.DesignWeb-based discrete choice experiment with 19 clinical scenarios.Setting and ParticipantsOnline survey with a convenience sample of RNs (N = 881) recruited from a health care research panel.MethodsClinical scenarios used information from 10 categories of resident characteristics: UTI risk, resident type, functional status, mental status, lower urinary tract status, body temperature, physical examination, urinalysis, antibiotic request, and goals of care. Participants were randomized into 2 deliberation conditions (self-paced, n = 437 and forced deliberation, n = 444). The degree to which evidence- and non–evidence-based information was important to decision-making was estimated using unconditional multinomial logistic regression.ResultsFor all nurses (22.8%) and the self-paced group (24.1%), lower urinary tract status had the highest importance scores for the decision to call a clinician about a suspected UTI. For the forced-deliberation group, body temperature was most important (23.7%), and lower urinary tract status was less important (21%, P = .001). The information associated with the highest odds of an RN calling about a suspected UTI was painful or difficult urination [odds ratio (OR) 4.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.16–5.65], obvious blood in urine (OR 4.66, 95% CI 3.99–5.44), and temperature at 101.5° (OR 3.80, 95% CI 3.28–4.42). For the self-paced group, painful or difficult urination (OR 5.65, 95% CI 4.53–7.04) had the highest odds, whereas obvious blood in urine (OR 4.39, 95% CI 3.53–5.47) had highest odds for the forced-deliberation group.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis study highlighted the importance of specific resident characteristics in nurse decision-making about suspected UTIs. Future antimicrobial stewardship efforts should aim to not only improve the previously studied overprescribing practices of clinicians, but to improve nurses' assessment of signs and symptoms of potential infections and how they weigh resident information. 相似文献
96.
Franois-Xavier Briand Eric Niqueux Audrey Schmitz Claire Martenot Martine Cherbonnel Pascale Massin Florian Kerbrat Marina Chatel Carole Guillemoto Cecile Guillou-Cloarec Katell Ogor Aurlie Le Prioux Chantal Alle Vronique Beven Edouard Hirchaud Yannick Blanchard Axelle Scoizec Sophie Le Bouquin Nicolas Eterradossi Batrice Grasland 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(2):508
We detected 3 genotypes of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus in France during winter 2016–17. Genotype A viruses caused dramatic economic losses in the domestic duck farm industry in southwestern France. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that genotype A viruses formed 5 distinct geographic clusters in southwestern France. In some clusters, local secondary transmission might have been started by a single introduction. The intensity of the viral spread seems to correspond to the density of duck holdings in each production area. To avoid the introduction of disease into an unaffected area, it is crucial that authorities limit the movements of potentially infected birds. 相似文献
97.
Ushma D. Upadhyay Phoebe Y. Danza Torsten B. Neilands Jessica D. Gipson Claire D. Brindis Michelle J. Hindin Diana Greene Foster Shari L. Dworkin 《The Journal of adolescent health》2021,68(1):86-94
PurposeWe developed and validated a measure that assesses the latent construct of sexual and reproductive empowerment among adolescents and young adults. A specific measure for this group is critical because of their unique life stage and circumstances, which often includes frequent changes in sexual partners and involvement from parents in decision-making.MethodsAfter formative qualitative research, a review of the literature, and cognitive interviews, we developed 95 items representing nine dimensions of sexual and reproductive empowerment. Items were then fielded among a national sample of young people aged 15–24 years, and those who identified as sexually active completed a 3-month follow-up survey. We conducted psychometric analysis and scale validation.ResultsExploratory factor analysis on responses from 1,117 participants resulted in the Sexual and Reproductive Empowerment Scale for Adolescents and Young Adults, containing 23 items captured by seven subscales: comfort talking with partner; choice of partners, marriage, and children; parental support; sexual safety; self-love; sense of future; and sexual pleasure. Validation using logistic regression demonstrated that the subscales were consistently associated with sexual and reproductive health information and access to sexual and reproductive health services measured at baseline and moderately associated with the use of desired contraceptive methods at 3-month follow-up.ConclusionsThe Sexual and Reproductive Empowerment Scale for Adolescents and Young Adults is a new measure that assesses young people’s empowerment regarding sexual and reproductive health. It can be used by researchers, public health practitioners, and clinicians to measure sexual and reproductive empowerment among young people. 相似文献
98.
99.
Benjamin C. Fu Fred K. Tabung Claire H. Pernar Weike Wang Amparo G. Gonzalez-Feliciano Ilkania M. Chowdhury-Paulino Steven K. Clinton Edmund Folefac Mingyang Song Adam S. Kibel Edward L. Giovannucci Lorelei A. Mucci 《European urology》2021,79(3):405-412
BackgroundHyperinsulinemia and inflammation are inter-related pathways that link diet with the risk of several chronic diseases. Evidence suggests that these pathways may also increase prostate cancer risk.ObjectiveTo determine whether hyperinsulinemic diet and inflammatory diet are associated with prostate cancer incidence and mortality.Design, setting, and participantsWe prospectively followed 41 209 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986–2014). Scores for two validated dietary patterns were calculated from food frequency questionnaires at baseline and updated every 4 yr.Outcome measurements and statistical analysisTotal, advanced, and lethal prostate cancer outcomes were assessed. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined for associations between two empirical hypothesis-oriented dietary patterns—empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia and empirical dietary inflammatory pattern—and prostate cancer risk estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression.Results and limitationsDuring 28 yr of follow-up, 5929 incident cases of total prostate cancer, including 1019 advanced and 667 fatal, were documented. In multivariable-adjusted models, there was a 7% higher risk of advanced prostate cancer (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.01–1.15) and a 9% higher risk of fatal prostate cancer (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.00–1.18) per standard deviation (SD) increase in the hyperinsulinemic diet. When stratified by age, the hyperinsulinemic diet was associated with only earlier-onset aggressive prostate cancer (men under 65 yr), with per SD HRs of 1.20 (95% CI: 1.06–1.35) for advanced, 1.22 (1.04–1.42) for fatal, and 1.20 (1.04–1.38) for lethal. The inflammatory diet was not associated with prostate cancer risk in the overall study population, but was associated with earlier-onset lethal prostate cancer (per SD increase HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.00–1.35).ConclusionsHyperinsulinemia and inflammation may be potential mechanisms linking dietary patterns with the risk of aggressive prostate cancer, particularly earlier-onset disease.Patient summaryAvoiding inflammatory and hyperinsulinemic dietary patterns may be beneficial for the prevention of clinically relevant prostate cancer, especially among younger men. 相似文献
100.
Camille Granger Paul Guedeney Camille Arnaud Soulef Guendouz Claire Cimadevilla Mathieu Kerneis Caroline Kerneis Michel Zeitouni Constance Verdonk Camille Legeai Guillaume Lebreton Pascal Leprince Eva Désiré Sabato Sorrentino Johanne Silvain Gilles Montalescot Fanny Hazan Shaida Varnous Richard Dorent 《Transplant international》2021,34(4):721-731
Available data on clinical presentation and mortality of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in heart transplant (HT) recipients remain limited. We report a case series of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in 39 HT recipients from 3 French heart transplant centres (mean age 54.4 ± 14.8 years; 66.7% males). Hospital admission was required for 35 (89.7%) cases including 14/39 (35.9%) cases being admitted in intensive care unit. Immunosuppressive medications were reduced or discontinued in 74.4% of the patients. After a median follow-up of 54 (19–80) days, death and death or need for mechanical ventilation occurred in 25.6% and 33.3% of patients, respectively. Elevated C-reactive protein and lung involvement ≥50% on chest computed tomography (CT) at admission were associated with an increased risk of death or need for mechanical ventilation. Mortality rate from March to June in the entire 3-centre HT recipient cohort was 56% higher in 2020 compared to the time-matched 2019 cohort (2% vs. 1.28%, P = 0.15). In a meta-analysis including 4 studies, pre-existing diabetes mellitus (OR 3.60, 95% CI 1.43–9.06, I2 = 0%, P = 0.006) and chronic kidney disease stage III or higher (OR 3.79, 95% CI 1.39–10.31, I2 = 0%, P = 0.009) were associated with increased mortality. These findings highlight the aggressive clinical course of COVID-19 in HT recipients. 相似文献