Nurse socialization: issues and problems

A comparative study was conducted of the professional socialization process of student nurses in three nurse education centres in South Wales. Patterns and problem areas can be identified of relevance to issues in role theory and with practical implications for the more effective implementation of Project 2000. Three cohorts of students were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule whilst in the introductory block and at the end of the first year. The teaching and ward staff directly involved in the socialization process were also interviewed so that their views could be compared with those of the students. There were differences between the types of ward in the opportunities they offered for role modelling. It was doubtful whether the three categories of students, teaching staff and ward staff were all employing a single conception of 'the good nurse'. The student has to find her own pathway through the divergent and often conflicting values and philosophies of the teaching staff and those in authority on the wards. It is recommended that a more unified approach be adopted to reduce the conflict which learners experience. In accordance with Project 2000, the teaching staff should act as practitioners and thereby be perceived as a professional role model with clinical credibility.     

Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, corner fracture type: a heritable condition associated with coxa vara

The authors present the radiographic features of a previously incompletely delineated bone dysplasia, which they call spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, corner fracture type. This is a dominant heritable condition associated with short stature and developmental coxa vara. The progressive hip deformity usually causes significant disability requiring surgical correction. Developmental coxa vara, simulated corner fractures of long tubular bones, and vertebral body abnormalities result in a diagnostic constellation. Knowledge of these distinctive radiologic features allows accurate diagnosis, which in turn should lead to appropriate genetic counseling and possibly to earlier, more efficacious surgical treatment of the coxa vara.     

钩藤碱对血小板聚集和血栓形成的影响

钩藤碱(Rhy)明显抑制AA,胶原及ADP诱导的大鼠血小板聚集。Rhy不影响血小利用外源性AA合成TXA_2,但抑制胶原诱导的TXA_2生成;在抗血小板聚集有效剂量时,对PGI_2的生成无影响。Rhy有显著降低血栓形成诱导剂ADP及胶原加肾上腺素静脉注射所致小鼠死亡率。     

Anthropomorphic radiologic phantoms

A technique is being developed for the design and fabrication of anthropomorphic phantoms for diagnostic x-ray imaging. Anatomic information extracted from actual patient radiographs is incorporated into the phantoms using computer image processing and computer-assisted machining methods. In this paper, the technique is described as applied to a breast phantom, and preliminary images that closely mimic human anatomy on radiographs are shown.     

Flolan国际随机存活试验(FIRST)

标题　Ｆｌｏｌａｎ国际随机存活试验（ＦＩＲＳＴ）；最后的结果作者　ＣａｌｉｆｆＲＭ，ｅｔａｌ．ＪＡｍＣｏｌｌＣａｒｄｉｏｌ，１９９６，２７：１４１Ａ（英文）　　研究疾病：末期心力衰竭。目的：评估ｅｐｏｐｒｏｓｔｅｎｏｌ（前列环素）对末期心衰患者之病死率和发病率的影响。　　设计：随机对照式。病人资料：４７１例（预定８７５例），平均年龄为（６５±１０）岁，左心室射血分数＜２５％，充血性心衰，ＮＹＨＡⅢ或Ⅳ级，肺毛细血管楔压＞１５ｍｍＨｇ，心功能指数＜２－５Ｌ／ｍｉｎ·ｍ２。随访：１２个月；６个月评估…     

Epidermal Langerhans cells in actinic prurigo: a comparison between lesional and non-lesional skin

Background  Actinic Prurigo (AP) is a chronic pruritic dermatosis of unknown cause affecting sun exposed skin in defined ethnic groups with characteristic MHC alleles. However, the cutaneous dendritic cells have not been assessed.
Objective  To assess in situ the epidermal Langerhans Cell (LC) status in Actinic Prurigo.
Study design  Fresh skin samples from three AP patients were used to evaluate in situ the epidermal LC, comparing lesional and non-lesional sites in each subject.
Setting  AP patients attending the Dermatology Department at the Hospital M. Gea-Gonzalez in Mexico city.
Methods  Lesional and non-lesional skin samples were taken from each subject to prepare both epidermal sheets and conventional tissue sections. Three markers restricted to LC in epidermis (CD1a, ATPase, MHC-II) were used to quantify the LC per area in epidermal sheets.
Results  Compared to non-lesional skin from the same subject, a significant reduction in the number of LC per area of epidermis was found in lesional skin; with any of the three markers evaluated.
Conclusion  The frequency of epidermal LC decreases importantly in lesional skin from AP patients.