Aberrant crypt focus promotion and glucose intolerance: correlation in the rat across diets differing in fat, n-3 fatty acids and energy

McKeown-Eyssen (Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prevent., 3, 687-695, 1994) and Giovannucci (Cancer Causes Control, 6, 164-179, 1995), noting the striking similarity in lifestyle risk factors for colorectal cancer and insulin resistance, proposed that the hyperinsulinemia, glycemia and hypertriglyceridemia associated with insulin resistance promotes colon cancer. To compare the effect of diet on colon cancer promotion and insulin resistance in the F344 rat, we assessed the effect of fat, n-3 fatty acids and energy in pairwise comparisons on average size of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and on glucose intolerance in the same animals in a single experiment. Diets high in fat and energy increased and diets with increased n-3 fatty acids and calorie restriction decreased both ACF growth and glucose intolerance compared with control diets. The measures of promotion of colon cancer and insulin resistance were strongly correlated (n = 98, r = 0.67, P < 0.001). In addition, both were highly correlated with daily energy intake (r = 0.62 and 0.66) and were also correlated with basal (post-prandial) insulin, glucose and triglycerides (r = 0.31-0.53, P < 0.01). We concluded that ACF growth and glucose intolerance are correlated for a wide range of diets and that increased circulating energy (glucose and triglycerides) may lead to both colon cancer promotion and insulin resistance.      

多非替利衍生物CPU 228(V03)对大鼠心室肌细胞钙瞬变的调节

目的在β-受体激动情况下,研究多非替利衍生物CPU 228对电刺激触发心肌细胞的胞浆Ca2+浓度([Ca2+]i)变化及钙瞬变动力学参数的影响.方法游离单个大鼠心室肌细胞,Fluo-3/AM负载,电刺激诱发心室肌细胞钙瞬变,定量测定心室肌细胞内Ca2+浓度变化,异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol, ISO)100nmol·L-1激动β-受体,观察CPU 228 1 μmol·L-1对钙瞬变动力学参数、[Ca2+]i及钙负荷水平的影响.结果CPU 228 1 μmol·L-1对大鼠心室肌细胞[Ca2+]i的影响不明显(P>0.05);ISO 100 nmol·L-1显著升高大鼠心室肌细胞[Ca2+]i和细胞内钙负荷水平,缩短钙瞬变时程,并且增加钙瞬变的消除速率.CPU 228 1 μmol·L-1显著抑制ISO的上述作用.结论在β-受体激动情况下,CPU 228可以降低心肌细胞[Ca2+]i,使ISO改变的钙瞬变动力学参数恢复到正常水平.     

乌贼墨对小鼠脾细胞和巨噬细胞NO生成及 IFN-γ分泌水平的影响

目的：探讨乌贼墨对脾细胞和巨噬细胞NO生成及IFN-γ分泌的影响。方法：用Griess法和ELISA法分别检测了经乌贼墨灌胃处理后小鼠脾细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞培养上清中NO和IFN-γ的水平的变化。结果：乌贼墨灌胃处理小鼠后的第4、6天脾细胞及腹腔巨噬细胞(Mφ)可产生较高水平的NO；脾细胞可产生较高水平的IFN-γ，并且小鼠脾细胞NO的产生水平与IFN-γ产生水平呈正相关(r=0．98)；用LPS和L-NMMA(NO抑制剂)分别同乌贼墨灌胃第6d小鼠的脾细胞一起培养，结果显示LPS可协同IFN-γ促NO水平升高。L-NMMA可抑制小鼠脾细胞的NO生成。结论：乌贼墨可促进巨噬细胞NO生成；脾细胞NO的产生与IFN-γ分泌水平呈正相关。     

食品级番茄红素对小鼠的免疫调节功能

目的研究番茄红素对免疫系统的调节作用。方法实验小鼠随机分成3组：对照组、低剂量组（10mg／kg）、高剂量组（20mg／kg）。低剂量组、高剂量组分别用色拉油稀释的番茄红素灌胃，对照组用色拉油灌胃。30天后检测小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖程度、NK细胞的杀伤活性、迟发性变态反应的程度、巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结果与对照组比较，高剂量组能显著增强脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力，提高自然杀伤细胞的活性和巨噬细胞吞噬功能，增强小鼠的足跖肿胀度（P〈0．05）。除增殖反应外，低剂量组其他指标与对照组比较，差异均无显著性。结论番茄红素具有增强小鼠免疫调节的功能。     

4种给药方案治疗良性前列腺增生症的成本—效果分析

目的:探讨4种口服给药方案治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)所产生的成本-效果比.方法:选择我院门诊轻中度良性前列腺增生患者168例,随机分为4组,分别给予非那雄胺(A纽)、坦索罗辛(B组)、坦索罗辛多沙唑嗪加非那雄胺(C组)、普适泰(D组),运用药物经济学方法进行分析.结果:在成本相当的前提下,C组方案有效率最高.结论:坦索罗辛多沙唑嗪 非那雄胺治疗BPH不仅疗效好,可降低患者需要手术的危险性,而且可降低急性尿潴留发生率.     

基于1H-NMR代谢组学的阿胶化学成分差异性分析方法初探

目的 采用氢核磁共振(¹H-NMR)代谢组学技术对不同生产厂家的阿胶酸水解成分进行差异性比较。方法 对5个不同生产厂家的阿胶进行酸水解,然后进行¹H-NMR分析。对所得的¹H-NMR图谱进行化学成分归属指认,并结合相关软件进行多元统计分析,找出差异性化学成分。结果 从阿胶¹H-NMR谱中指认出17种化学成分;通过对A、C、D、E厂家生产的阿胶与B厂家生产的阿胶进行比较分析,找出了相应的差异性成分,主要包括异亮氨酸、羟脯氨酸、精氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、赖氨酸和乙酰丙酸等。结论 ¹H-NMR代谢组学方法可用于不同厂家阿胶化学成分差异性的分析,为阿胶的质量控制提供新方法和新思路。     

药用红树植物桐花树的生药学鉴别

目的 对药用红树植物桐花树药材进行生药学鉴别.方法 采用性状鉴别、显微鉴别、理化鉴别等方法进行研究.结果 桐花树的根坚韧,具皮孔,根皮层具木栓孔结构;茎横断面有木质部棕色同心环,中柱鞘有石细胞群和纤维束组成的厚壁细胞环,髓部有分泌腔散在;叶上、下表面有盐腺分布;粉末中可见石细胞、盐腺、气孔及导管等特征.紫外扫描有明显的吸收峰;薄层色谱展开良好.结论 上述特征可作为桐花树药材鉴定的参考依据.     

三七总苷对高脂血症性骨质疏松大鼠骨代谢的影响

目的：研究三七总苷（PNS）对大鼠高脂血症性骨质疏松的作用。方法：取SPF级3月龄未交配SD大鼠30只随机分为3组,每组10只。正常对照组：普通饲料喂养,蒸馏水5mL·kg^-1·d^-1灌胃;模型组：脂肪乳剂5mL·kg^-1·d^-1灌胃;PNS组：上午予脂肪乳剂5mL·kg^-1·d^-1灌胃,下午予PNS200mg·kg^-1·d^-1灌胃,连续20周。实验结束后用骨组织形态计量学方法,测定大鼠右侧胫骨近端松质骨静态参数和动态参数,并观察血清生化指标。结果：与模型组比较,PNS组游离脂肪酸（FFA）、TC、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）均明显降低（P〈0．05）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）明显升高（P〈0．05）;松质骨形态计量学静态参数骨小梁面积百分数（％Tb．Ar）、骨小梁数量（Tb．N）、骨小梁厚度（Tb．Th）均增加（P〈0．01）,骨小梁分离度（Tb．Sp）明显减小（P〈0．01）;动态参数荧光周长百分率（％L．Pm）、骨形成率（BFR／BS、BFR／By）均明显增加（P〈0．05）。结论：脂肪乳剂长期灌胃可导致大鼠脂质代谢紊乱,并伴有高脂血症性骨质疏松症。PNS可显著降低血脂并促进骨的形成,对大鼠高脂血症所致骨质疏松有一定防治作用。     

MINOCYCLINE EXCRETION AND DISTRIBUTION IN RELATION TO RENAL FUNCTION IN MAN

SUMMARY 1. The biological half-life of minocycline in serum has been studied in twenty-one patients and shown to have no relationship to renal function. There is very little excretion of minocycline by the kidney, and practically none is removed by dialysis.
2. In normal subjects, minocycline therapy is not accompanied by a significant rise in blood urea concentration or urinary urea excretion. However, high doses may produce a marked increase in urea excretion.
3. Of eight patients with impaired renal function who were treated with a normal therapeutic dose of minocycline (200 mg/day), one showed a significant increase in urea excretion and a rise in plasma urea concentration. Two patients with severe unstable renal failure required dialysis following therapy.
4. Minocycline is unlikely to accumulate in patients with renal failure due to its predominantly gastrointestinal excretion and is therefore safe to use. However, its protein catabolic effect is dose dependent and if renal function is impaired, even a small increase in urea production may be sufficient to aggravate uraemia. In such patients the normal therapeutic dose (200 mg/day) should not be exceeded and monitoring of renal function is advisable.