口腔鳞癌患者血清可溶性MHC-I类链相关蛋白A的检测及其临床病理意义

目的:探讨口腔鳞癌患者血清中可溶性MHC-I类链相关蛋白A(soluble major histocompatibility complex classI-related chain A,sMICA)的表达水平及其临床意义。方法:选用口腔鳞癌患者78例作为实验组,19例健康成年人作为正常对照组,应用酶联免疫吸附定量分析法检测实验组和正常对照组血清中sMICA的含量。结果:实验组血清sMICA检出率为98.7%(77/78),其含量的95%可信区间为74.30~93.95 pg/mL,中位数为82.17 pg/mL;对照组血清sMICA检出率为94.7%(18/19),其含量的95%可信区间为29.48~50.30 pg/mL,中位数为37.54 pg/mL,实验组血清sMICA含量显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。实验组血清sMICA含量在不同肿瘤大小、临床分期及颈部淋巴结是否转移与正常对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而不同性别、年龄及肿瘤分化程度两组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:口腔鳞癌患者血清sMICA表达水平增高,且与肿瘤大小、临床分期及颈部淋巴结转移相关,检测血清sMICA的含量有助于判断口腔鳞癌患者的免疫功能状态。     

MHC-Ⅰ类链相关基因A真核表达载体的构建及稳定转染舌鳞癌细胞的实验研究

目的构建人类MHC-Ⅰ类链相关基因A（MICA）的真核表达载体,转染人舌鳞癌脑高转移Tca8113-Tb细胞,建立稳定过表达MICA基因的口腔鳞癌细胞系。方法采用PCR技术扩增pCMV-SPORT6-MICA中编码MICA基因的cDNA序列,重组至有绿色荧光蛋白标记的真核表达载体pEGFP-N1,构建最终的表达载体pEGFP-N1-MICA,脂质体法转染Tca8113-Tb细胞,G418筛选,荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白的表达,有限稀释法建立稳定过表达MICA基因的Tca8113-Tb细胞系,RT-PCR、real time PCR和免疫细胞化学检测MICA在该细胞中的表达。结果通过PCR技术获取了MICA基因并成功克隆入载体,测序鉴定该序列与GenBank中的序列相同。转染的细胞可见绿色荧光蛋白表达,RT-PCR、real time PCR及免疫细胞化学检测到目的基因MICA在转染细胞中为过表达。结论pEGFP-N1-MICA真核表达载体的成功构建与稳定转染Tca8113-Tb细胞系的建立,为进一步研究该基因的功能奠定了良好的实验基础。     

纳米炭淋巴结示踪剂在cN0舌鳞状细胞癌颈淋巴清扫术中的应用

目的 探讨纳米炭淋巴结示踪剂在cN0舌鳞状细胞癌患者颈淋巴清扫术中的应用价值。方法 选取96例cN0舌鳞状细胞癌患者作为研究对象,随机分为纳米炭组（试验组,50例）和对照组（46例）,其中纳米炭组患者于术前12 h在距离肿块边缘0.5 cm处黏膜下多点注射纳米炭混悬注射液（每个注射点0.1 mL,共计3~4个注射点）。根据原发肿瘤的大小及部位选择行肩胛舌骨肌上（Ⅰ~Ⅲ区）或全颈（Ⅰ~Ⅴ区）淋巴清扫术。标本离体后解剖、分离所有淋巴结,并行病理学检查,记录检获的淋巴结数目、大小、部位、病理结果。将试验组与对照组所得数据进行比较,采用SPSS 19.0统计软件包进行统计学分析。结果 31例患者行肩胛舌骨肌上颈淋巴清扫术,共检出淋巴结1 137枚,纳米炭组平均每例检出淋巴结数（43.79±19.23）枚,显著高于对照组的（30.82±8.77）枚（P=0.019）,两组均以Ⅲ区检出的淋巴结数最多,但纳米炭组Ⅱ区检出的淋巴结数及构成比均显著高于对照组（P=0.000）。65例全颈淋巴清扫术共检出淋巴结3 938枚,纳米炭组平均每例检出淋巴结数为（66.67±20.02）枚,对照组为（53.03±20.98）枚,两组差异有统计学意义（P=0.026）,两组在各区（Ⅰ~Ⅴ区）检出淋巴结数的构成比的差异无统计学意义（P=0.354）。两种颈淋巴清扫术式中,纳米炭组检出微小淋巴结的比例和检获淋巴结的准确率均高于对照组（P=0.000）;纳米炭组中染色淋巴结癌转移的检出率高于未染色的淋巴结（P=0.000）。结论 纳米炭淋巴结示踪剂可以显著提高cN0舌鳞状细胞癌患者颈淋巴清扫术中淋巴结特别是微小淋巴结的检出率,有助于提高颈淋巴清扫术的彻底性和患者临床病理分期的准确性。     

Proteomic analysis of liver cancer cells treated with suberonylanilide hydroxamic acid

Purpose Suberonylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is an orally administered histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) that has shown significant antitumor activity in a variety of tumor cells. To evaluate if SAHA has an activity against liver cancer, and with an aim to identify the altered cellular factors upon SAHA treatment, human HepG2 cancer cell line was used as a model, and proteomic approach was utilized to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying SAHA’s antitumor activity. Methods Cell growth inhibition was measured by MTT method, and apoptosis was detected by means of flow cytometry analysis and TUNEL assay. Protein expression profiles were analyzed by 2-DE coupled with MALDI-Q-TOF MS/MS analysis. Results A total of 55 differentially expressed proteins were visualized by 2-DE and Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) staining. Of these, 34 proteins were identified via MS/MS analysis. Among the identified proteins, six proteins also displayed significant expression changes at earlier time points upon SAHA treatment, and such alterations were further confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Together, at both the mRNA and protein levels, SAHA suppressed the expression of reticulocalbin 1 precursor (RCN1), annexin A3 (ANXA3) and heat shock 27 kDa protein 1 (HSP27), while increasing the expression of aldose reductase (AR), triosephosphate isomerase 1 (TPI) and manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2). Conclusion SAHA remarkably inhibited proliferation of HepG2 cancer cells, and induced apoptosis in vitro. Using proteomics approaches, a variety of differentially expressed proteins were identified in HepG2 cancer cells before and after treatment with SAHA. This study will enable a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying SAHA-mediated antitumor effects at the protein level.     

音乐疗法在结肠水疗过程中的应用

目的 缓解患者在结肠水疗过程中的焦虑、恐惧等情绪.方法 将200例结肠水疗患者随机分为治疗组与对照组各100例,对照组接受常规结肠水疗,治疗组在此基础上接受音乐疗法.对两组患者的焦虑状态及恐惧、疼痛不适进行评价.结果 治疗组患者的焦虑状态及恐惧、疼痛不适评分显著低于对照组(均P<0.01).结论 音乐疗法可明显改善结肠水疗患者的生理状态,减轻焦虑反应,增加舒适感.     

Elesclomol induces copper‐dependent ferroptosis in colorectal cancer cells via degradation of ATP7A

Cancer cells reprogram their copper metabolism to adapt to adverse microenvironments, such as oxidative stress. The copper chelator elesclomol has been reported to have considerable anticancer efficacy, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that elesclomol‐mediated copper overload inhibits colorectal cancer (CRC) both in vitro and in vivo. Elesclomol alone promotes the degradation of the copper transporter copper‐transporting ATPase 1 (ATP7A), which retards the proliferation of CRC cells. This property distinguishes it from several other copper chelators. Combinational treatment of elesclomol and copper leads to copper retention within mitochondria due to ATP7A loss, leading to reactive oxygen species accumulation, which in turn promotes the degradation of SLC7A11, thus further enhancing oxidative stress and consequent ferroptosis in CRC cells. This effect accounts for the robust antitumour activity of elesclomol against CRC, which can be reversed by the administration of antioxidants and ferroptosis inhibitors, as well as the overexpression of ATP7A. In summary, our findings indicate that elesclomol‐induced copper chelation inhibits CRC by targeting ATP7A and regulating ferroptosis.     

The state of science in the study of cancer symptom clusters

PurposeTo provide an integrative review of the literature on the science of symptom clusters in patients with cancer and establish implications for future studies.MethodsSixty-one articles about cancer symptom clusters were selected for review from results of a search in MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts and Cochrane databases from 1950 to 2010.ResultsThis review discusses the current research on the definitions, theoretical frameworks, measurements, outcomes, and interventions of symptom clusters in oncology. Although symptom clusters were identified as groups of several related and coexisted symptoms, researchers had different opinion on the least number of and relationships among symptoms in a cluster. Four theoretical frameworks were used, but none of them were specific to guide research in symptom clusters for general cancer population. Most-common symptom approach and all-possible symptom approach had their own characteristics and methods for cluster identification. Functional status and quality of life were major outcomes that were negatively associated with the number or severity of symptom clusters. Interventions with multiple or central symptoms in clusters were two potential ways to improve patients’ symptom experience.ConclusionsDespite advances in understanding of symptom clusters, further research is needed to define clusters operationally, and to develop appropriate theoretical frameworks. Methods of cluster identification need further comparison to see which offers the best understanding of symptom clusters. More studies with cross-sectional or longitudinal designs are necessary to explore influences of symptom clusters on patient outcomes, and interventions on symptom clusters.     

冬虫夏草对糖尿病肾病大鼠糖脂代谢紊乱的影响

目的:探讨冬虫夏草对糖尿病肾病大鼠糖脂代谢紊乱的影响.方法:50只Wistar大鼠,随机选取10只作为正常对照组,余下的40只建立糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠模型后,将DN大鼠随机分为模型对照组、冬虫夏草高、低剂量组,每组10只.用药8周后,测定各组大鼠血糖、血肌酐、尿蛋白排泄量、血脂的变化.结果:与糖尿病肾病模型组比较,冬虫夏草高、低剂量组血肌酐、尿蛋白排泄量、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白均显著降低(P<0.01-0.05),高密度脂蛋白虽有所升高,但差异不显著.结论:冬虫夏草防治糖尿病肾病的机制之一是改善糖脂代谢紊乱.