Influence of the femoral head size on early postoperative gait restoration after total hip arthroplasty

Background We investigated the effects of using large-diameter femoral heads in total hip prostheses on eady postoperative gait restoration in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods We collected data for 19 primary THAs using 28-mm metal-on-polyethylene heads (conventional group) and for 12 THAs (BHR group) using metal-on-metal femoral heads with an average size of 45 mm (range, 40-49 mm). All patients had unilateral femoral head avascular necrosis. All patients underwent Harris Hip Scores evaluation and gait analysis with the IDEEA device at the same 3 time points which were before surgery and then at 1 month and again at 3 months after surgery, and the parameters measured were walking speed, stride length (SL), single limb support (SLS), cycle duration (CD), and swing power (SP). Harris Hip Scores and gait analysis parameters for both groups were compared.Results Intraclass comparison indicated that Harris Hip Scores, speed scores, and gait parameter measures in both groups improved significantly with the passage of time; Interclass comparison showed no significance between Harris1m postop - Harrispreop and Harris3m postop- Harrispreop in both groups. The speed in the BHR group at 1 month and at 3 months after surgery was significantly higher than that of conventional group. At 1 month after surgery, each mean for SLnormal-SLaffected, (SLSnormal - SLSaffected)/CD, and SPnormal - SPaffocted in the BHR group was significantly lower than that for the conventional group. At 3 months after surgery, the differences between means for both groups for SLnormal - SLaffected.(SLSnormal- SLSaffected)/CD, and SPnormal - SPaffected were not significant, but the mean of SPnormal - SPaffected in the BHR group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group.Conclusions Our data suggest that large-diameter femoral heads in THA provide better early gait restoration than conventional-size femoral heads.     

影响核磁共振图像均匀度的因素和检定方法

图像均匀度指的是图像的均匀程度,它描述了MRI系统对体模内同一物质区域的再现能力。图像均匀度是衡量磁共振图像的重要指标,它直接影响到图像质量的好坏以及图像的诊断价值。本文就其检定方法以及影像均匀度好坏的因素进行论述。     

Eagle4000监护仪原理与校准和维修

本文简要介绍了Eagle4000型监护仪的工作原理和相关技术参数的校准方法，同时介绍了常见故障的原因分析和检修方法。     

XD600电解质分析仪的一例故障与处理

XD600电解质分析仪管道细密，若血清标本分离不彻底，就会导致该仪器管道堵塞，影响血清标本检测结果，本文介绍一排除管道堵塞的方法。     

容桂成人脂肪肝流行病学调查和综合干预

目的明确容桂地区成人脂肪肝的患病率及其主要危险因素并加以干预。方法通过随机多级分层整群抽样对10个居委会进行编号,逐户调查居民小组所有16岁以上的市民,内容涉及问卷咨询、体格检查、葡萄糖耐量试验、血脂检测以及肝脏实时超声检查。通过流行病学调查,确定容桂地区脂肪肝的患病率;将调查数据进行统计分析,寻找出该病的危险因素;对高危人群及现患者进行综合干预。结果14069名成人完成调查,B超共检出脂肪肝2324例,占16.52%。经年龄和性别调整后,容桂地区成人脂肪肝患病率为17.80%,Kappa分析显示流行病学抽样调查超声诊断脂肪肝的可信度良好(Kappa值=0.817)。总体男性脂肪肝患病率始终显著高于女性(2=16.327,p<0.01)。结论容桂地区成人脂肪肝患病率(17.80%)比上海(20.82%)成人脂肪肝患病率低,比江苏省成人脂肪肝患病率(16.11%)高。主要为非酒精性脂肪肝、肥胖及其相关的多元代谢紊乱较过量饮酒与脂肪肝的关系更为密切。     

肝硬化门静脉高压症患者血浆NO和ET-1的临床意义

目的探讨肝硬化门脉高压患者血浆一氧化氮(NO)和内皮素1(ET-1)水平与食管静脉曲张和腹水的关系。方法76例肝硬化患者血浆NO、ET-1与其食管静脉曲张内镜评分、门静脉内径、腹水分级评分、血清白蛋白等四项指标进行非参数统计等级相关分析。结果血浆NO、ET-1与食管静脉曲张程度和门静脉内径呈正相关，与血清白蛋白呈负相关；血浆ET-1与腹水程度呈正相关。结论血浆NO和ET-1参与肝硬化门静脉高压症的病理机制。     

Insights into oxazaphosphorine resistance and possible approaches to its circumvention.

The oxazaphosphorines cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and trofosfamide remain a clinically useful class of anticancer drugs with substantial antitumour activity against a variety of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. A major limitation to their use is tumour resistance, which is due to multiple mechanisms that include increased DNA repair, increased cellular thiol levels, glutathione S-transferase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities, and altered cell-death response to DNA damage. These mechanisms have been recently re-examined with the aid of sensitive analytical techniques, high-throughput proteomic and genomic approaches, and powerful pharmacogenetic tools. Oxazaphosphorine resistance, together with dose-limiting toxicity (mainly neutropenia and neurotoxicity), significantly hinders chemotherapy in patients, and hence, there is compelling need to find ways to overcome it. Four major approaches are currently being explored in preclinical models, some also in patients: combination with agents that modulate cellular response and disposition of oxazaphosphorines; antisense oligonucleotides directed against specific target genes; introduction of an activating gene (CYP3A4) into tumor tissue; and modification of dosing regimens. Of these approaches, antisense oligonucleotides and gene therapy are perhaps more speculative, requiring detailed safety and efficacy studies in preclinical models and in patients. A fifth approach is the design of novel oxazaphosphorines that have favourable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and are less vulnerable to resistance. Oxazaphosphorines not requiring hepatic CYP-mediated activation (for example, NSC 613060 and mafosfamide) or having additional targets (for example, glufosfamide that also targets glucose transport) have been synthesized and are being evaluated for safety and efficacy. Characterization of the molecular targets associated with oxazaphosphorine resistance may lead to a deeper understanding of the factors critical to the optimal use of these agents in chemotherapy and may allow the development of strategies to overcome resistance.     

中医药院校公共事业管理专业人才培养方案及课程体系科学化研究

为优化专业培养方案,使课程设置更加符合培养目标,采用文献分析、专家访谈、召开毕业生座谈会等方法,对中医药院校公共事业管理专业人才培养的总体思路、基本原则、培养目标和课程体系的科学化进行了研究,制定出医药经营管理、医疗保险、医院管理3个专业方向的本科学分制改革培养计划,并针对教学实践中存在的主要问题提出了相应的建议,为中医药院校公共事业管理专业的建设与发展提供参考.     

激肽释放酶的特性及其在疾病中的应用

激肽释放酶是一类丝氨酸蛋白酶,具有广泛的生物学功能和特殊结构.本文综述了激肽释放酶的基因结构特点、生物学功能并重点介绍其在疾病中的应用.