预防婴幼儿急腹症手术合并急性心衰的护理

目的 提高对心衰合并急性肺水肿的认识，加强针对性的护理，避免延误抢救治疗时间。方法 搜集2001年1月至2003年9月在我院婴幼儿急腹症手术婴幼儿急腹症手术前后出现的急性心衰并肺水肿共33例。通过对并发急性心衰合并肺水肿的婴幼儿进行的手术护理的病例分析；对患儿术前、术中和术后三个不同阶段的观察和护理。结果 经治疗后患儿急性心衰及肺水肿很快被控制。特别是早发现、早治疗的患儿。治愈29例，自动出院1例，死亡3例。结论 对婴幼儿急腹症手术加强心率、呼吸等体征的观察，及早作出急性心衰、肺水肿的诊断及处理，分秒必争，有效地防治心衰的发生，是抢救成功的重要措施之一。     

Role of endothelin in the pathogenesis of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive and 2 kidneys 1 clip rats.

The plasma endothelin (ET) level in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and 2K1C hypertension animal models and its vasoconstrictive effect on renal and tail arteries were studied. The results demonstrated that there was no difference in plasma ET level between the hypertensive groups SHR, 2K1C, normotensive control groups Wistar Kyot (WKY) and Sprague Dawley (SD), while the vasoconstrictive effect of ET in SHR was more dominant than in WKY. The EC50 of the renal and tail arteries in SHR (0.8912 +/- 0.1662 x 10(-8) M, 0.6103 +/- 0.0878 x 10(-8) M) was apparently lower than that in WKY (1.77 +/- 0.2991 x 10(-8) M, 1.2267 +/- 0.2502 x 10(-8) M, P less than 0.05), but no difference was found in 2K1C and SD rats. The four groups of animals exhibited no difference of such effects as response to norepine-phrine (NA). The findings suggested that the increased arteriole sensitivity to ET be an important factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension in SHR.

     

蚌埠地区人群金葡菌带菌调查及药敏试验

本文对不同人群抽样调查1101人,结果鼻咽部金葡菌带菌者222人。其中医务人员和住院患者的金葡菌带菌率明显高于院外人群(P<0.001）。提示医院内存在交叉感染。对222株金葡菌测定药敏试验及β-内酰胺酶,结果β-内酰胺酶阳性率89.6％。产酶株全部对青霉素耐药,不产酶株对青霉素敏感率91.4％。产酶与否,对红霉素、氯霉素耐药严重。利福平、苯唑青霉素、丁胺卡那霉素对金葡菌有极高的抗菌活性。     

Changes of Intestinal Caicitonin Gene-related Peptide in Acute Intestinal Radiation Sickness in Rats

The characteristic distribution of calcitonin gone-related peptide(CGRP)inthe small intestine of rats and its changes in acute intestinal radiation sickness(AIRS)were studied with immunocytochemistry(whole mount stretch preparations of the smallintestine and cryostat sections)and radio-immunoassay.It was found that in all the lay-ers of the intestinal walls,there were large amounts of CGRP immunoreactive(CGRP-I)nerve fibers which existed in especiaUy high density in the myenteric,submucosal andmucosal plexuses.There was also a rather high density of the nerves around the smallvessels of the small intestine and the intestinal crypts.Some CGRP-I neurons were seenin the myenteric and submucosal plexuses.In AIRS,the intestinal CGRP showed a dip-hasic change,in a lower level in the 24th h and a higher level in the 48th and 72nd h af-ter irradiation.The results indicate that CGRP may be related to the regulation of the motility,se-cretion,absorption,sensation,and regional blood flow of the gastrointestinal tract.Pro-bably,CGRP is released under the stress of AIRS and participates in the mechanism ofinjury through many ways especially through the influence on the regional blood flowand the increase of the permeability of blood vessels.     

硒和维生素C对白血病细胞增殖及细胞毒性的研究

目的本文主要研究硒和维生素Ｃ影响髓系与非髓系白血病细胞增殖及其细胞毒性的异同。方法体外培养髓系白血病细胞株ＨＬ６０及非髓系细胞株Ｋ５６２，培养时分别设Ｓｅ（５μｍ、８μｍ、１１μｍ）及ＶｉｔＣ（５μｍ、１０μｍ、１００μｍ）实验组及对照组，培养２４ｈ、４８ｈ、７２ｈ后分别取样，利用台盼蓝拒染法进行细胞计数，绘制细胞生长曲线，并通过噻唑蓝比色分析法研究Ｓｅ及ＶｉｔＣ对ＨＬ６０、Ｋ５６２细胞毒性。结果细胞生长曲线显示：Ｓｅ（５～１１μｍ）及ＶｉｔＣ（５～１０μｍ）对ＨＬ６０、Ｋ５６２细胞增殖均有抑制作用。ＭＴＴ结果显示：Ｓｅ（５～１５μｍ）对两种细胞均有细胞毒性。ＶｉｔＣ（５～１０μｍ）对ＨＬ６０具有细胞毒性，而ＶｉｔＣ（５～１００μｍ）对于Ｋ５６２，短时间内毒性作用较明显，随作用时间延长而减弱。结论本实验结果提示：Ｓｅ及ＶｉｔＣ对髓系和非髓系白血病细胞增殖均有抑制作用，但ＶｉｔＣ对于ＨＬ６０和Ｋ５６２作用机制是不同的。这为白血病的化学预防和临床辅助治疗提供一定的理论依据。     

盐酸蒽丹西酮合用地塞米松对顺铂所致家犬的止吐作用

家犬静脉注射顺铂造成呕吐模型,分别用盐酸蒽丹西酮、盐酸蒽丹西酮加地塞米松进行止吐作用的观察。0.2mg/kg盐酸蒽丹西酮仅有部分止吐作用,无论0.5mg/kg和0.2mg/kg的地塞米松均无任何止吐作用,而两者合用时,止吐作用大大增强,0.2mg/kg盐酸蒽丹西酮加0.2mg/kg地塞米松,可达到完全控制顺铂所致的恶心、呕吐。     

效益评价中指标筛选及其假设检验

西文介绍了综合效益评价中指标的逐步筛选及其假设检验方法，用该法选出的指标具有独立性强、代表性好的优点。同是分析处理了全国３４家县级医院的投入指标，从中筛选出５个指标参与评价。     

益母草防治初发期急性肾小管坏死的实验研究

ＳＤ成年雄性大鼠，禁止１６小时，肌注甘油引起急性肾小管坏死（ＡＴＮ），于其初发期给予不同药液，观察到益母草组３、２４及４８小时Ｂｃｒ升高值，２４及４８小时ＢＵＮ升高值均明显低于自来水组和单纯禁水组，而与校正对照异搏停组近似，肾组织损伤程度亦明显减轻。结果表明，益母草对初发期急性肾小管坏死（ＩＡＴＮ）有一定的防治作用。     

成核效应蛋白在泡凝聚融合过程中作用的初步研究

为了探讨成核效应蛋白在泡凝聚、融合过程中的作用，作者研究了胆汁中主要的促成核蛋白系统—ＣｏｎＡ结合蛋白对模拟胆汁泡的形态与脂类组成的影响，发现ＣｏｎＡ结合蛋白在加快泡凝聚与融合的同时，也使泡胆固醇增加，磷脂减少，泡胆固醇／磷脂比增高，认为成核效应蛋白促泡凝聚与融合的本质是改变了泡胆固醇饱和度。作者的初步研究还发现泡相蛋白虽量微却具有强的促成核活性；几种已知的成核效应蛋白在泡相与微胶粒相的分布有差异；胆固醇结石患者与色素结石患者相比，泡蛋白的量与促成核活性均增高。通过泡蛋白亲和染色技术，还发现ＣｏｎＡ结合蛋白能与模拟胆汁泡形成脂质－蛋白复合体。作者认为，泡中成核效应蛋白的存在或量与质的改变，在泡凝聚与融合过程中起重要作用。     

71例初产妇前置胎盘与人工流产相关性分析

目的:探讨初孕人工流产与再孕后前置胎盘发生率的相关性。方法:对1992年1月～2001年12月住院分娩的4046例初孕人工流产进行回顾分析,对影响前置胎盘发生率的因素进行x~2检验。结果:初产妇前置胎盘发生率为1.75％;人工流产次数越多,末次人工流产术后至本次妊娠时间间隔越短;人工流产术后有生殖道感染史者,前置胎盘发生率明显增高。结论:人工流产术是前置胎盘的高危因素,应加强育龄妇女的生殖健康宣传和教育,做到有计划受孕,减少非意愿妊娠的发生。