Sphincter preservation in patients with low rectal cancer treated with radiation therapy with or without local excision or fulguration

Twenty-six patients with small cancers limited to the lower two-thirds of the rectum were treated with conservative surgery and radiation therapy (XRT). The selection factors for this approach were age, refusal of a permanent colostomy, or the high risk of local recurrence because of inadequate surgical margin or palpable residual tumor after local surgical treatment alone. In patients treated with local excision or fulguration followed by XRT, there was a 6% local failure rate (one in 17); in 16 of 17 patients receiving radiation doses above 4,500 cGy, the local control was complete for follow-up periods of 6 months to 7 years. In nine patients treated with XRT for residual tumor, local failure occurred in five (56%). The disease-free survival for those without residual tumor versus those with residual tumor was 88% and 44%, with median follow-up periods of 20 and 23 months, respectively. Serious late complications occurred only if total doses were greater than 6,300 cGy. Local excision combined with XRT proved to be a safe alternative to radical surgery in selected patients and resulted in excellent local control while allowing preservation of anal sphincter function.     

Small-cell carcinoma of the lung: patterns of treatment failure in patients treated primarily by chemotherapy

Treatment failure patterns in 75 patients with small-cell carcinoma of the lung who were treated primarily by chemotherapy were reviewed. Of 10 patients with localized disease who underwent complete staging work-ups, six had metastases to the chest, four to the central nervous system, four to bone, and one to the lymph nodes. Of 32 patients with disease considered to be localized but who did not undergo complete staging work-ups, 23 had metastasis to the chest, 11 to the central nervous system, four to bone, and two to the lymph nodes. Of 33 patients with documented distant metastasis 23 had metastasis to the chest, 14 to the central nervous system, 15 to bone, and six to the lymph nodes. Median survival times of patients showing complete response to treatment was 17 months; for those showing partial response it was 7 months.     

高频超声显像在乳腺肿瘤诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用

目的:探讨超声在乳腺肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法:阅读国内外相关文献进行综述。结果:高频二维超声可以清晰显示乳腺及肿瘤的细微结构;彩色多普勒血流显像可以提供有关肿瘤周边及内部的血流情况;彩色多普勒能量图丰富了血流信息,提高了多普勒探测的敏感性。结论:灰阶超声、CDFI、CDE几种技术相结合,必将提高乳腺肿瘤诊断与鉴别诊断的准确性。     

Role of ischaemia in the genesis of oedema surrounding meningiomas assessed using magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy

Oedema surrounding meningiomas is well known, but its pathogenesis remains obscure. Perfusion and metabolism in this peritumoural parenchyma were studied preoperatively in eight patients using magnetic resonance imaging, dynamic perfusion scanning and proton spectroscopy. Relative cerebral blood volumes (CBV) and metabolite ratios were calculated for the tumour and peritumoural brain. All meningiomas showed gadolinium enhancement, high choline (Ch), low creatine (Cr) and low N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) [Ch: (Ch + Cr) 0.67, SD 0.13, NAA: (Ch + Cr) 0.18, SD 0.15]. Lactate was present in four tumours [lactate: (Ch + Cr) 0.32, SD 0.27]. Extremely low gadolinium passage and low CBV were seen in the 2 cm peritumoural region, with elevated lactate [lactate: (Ch + Cr) 0.26, SD 0.18]. Four centimetres from tumour margin the CBV was still reduced (65, SD 20% with less lactate [lactate: (Ch + Cr) 0.12, SD 0.01]. Relative CBV is reduced around meningiomas and is associated with lactate, suggesting that oligaemia and altered metabolism may be part of the pathology in peritumoural oedema. Such changes may be important in determining functional recovery after surgery.     

Dengue disease severity in Indonesian children: an evaluation of the World Health Organization classification system

Background  

Dengue disease severity is usually classified using criteria set up by the World Health Organization (WHO). We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the WHO classification system and modifications to this system, and evaluated their potential practical usefulness.     

原发性膀胱透明细胞癌(附二例报告并文献复习)

目的：探讨原发性膀胱透明细胞癌的临床、病理、组织化学特性和诊治方法。方法：回顾分析2例患者临床资料，结合文献复习讨论。结果：2例肿瘤发生于膀胱右侧壁近膀胱颈处，以血尿就诊。组织学以大片透明样癌细胞、腺管样结构为特征。电镜下癌细胞核大而畸形，细胞器较少，部分癌细胞内有细胞内微小腺腔。免疫组化示PAS（＋）、AB（＋）。1例行膀胱部分切除术，30个月后出现淋巴结转移；1例行肿瘤电切术，15个月后未见复发。结论：此病以血尿为主要症状，病理检查才能确诊，应与转移性癌及肾源型腺瘤相鉴别，治疗以根治性手术为主，预后较其他非尿路上皮癌好。     

Examining impulsivity as an endophenotype using a behavioral approach: a DRD2 TaqI A and DRD4 48-bp VNTR association study

Background  

Research on the genetic basis for impulsivity has revealed an array of ambiguous findings. This may be a result of limitations to self-report assessments of impulsivity. Behavioral measures that assess more narrowly defined aspects of impulsivity may clarify genetic influences. This study examined the relationship between possession of the DRD2 TaqI A and DRD4 48 bp VNTR genetic polymorphisms and performance on a behavioral measure of impulsivity, the delay discounting task (DDT), and three traditional self-report measures.     

桥粒芯糖蛋白1和2在不同表皮肿瘤中的表达

目的 探讨桥粒相关蛋白与皮肤肿瘤的关系,对桥粒芯糖蛋白1和2在鳞状细胞癌、日光性角化病、角化棘皮瘤、脂溢性角化病中的表达水平进行了比较研究.方法 免疫组化染色方法.结果 桥粒芯糖蛋白1和2在正常皮肤表皮全层细胞间呈现较强的染色,鳞状细胞癌组织中表达显着减弱或完全无表达,日光性角化病表皮正常区域表达正常或下调,细胞间变区域无染色,角化棘皮瘤和脂溢性角化病表皮中表达水平与正常皮肤的表达非常近似.结论 桥粒芯糖蛋白1和2在恶性皮肤癌中表达下调,可能与皮肤肿瘤的侵袭和转移有关.