从视锥细胞到脑—色觉形成的神经通路

完备而复杂的三色视觉系统是人类和大部分灵长类动物所特有的。色觉信息始于视网膜上光感受器经复杂的神经网络向大脑皮层传递,并经各级神经元的编码处理产生色觉。本文复习了近年来色觉研究的成果和进展,重点就色觉信息在外侧膝状体核,视皮层V1区、V2区及V4区的传递通路作一综述。     

从痰标本为主的分离菌对14种抗生素的耐药情况分析

目的了解非发酵菌在医院的分布及耐药情况。方法细菌鉴定用API20NE和Vitek2系统,药敏试验用Vitek2系统的AST-GN10板条;药敏结果分析用Whonet5.3;结果判定按照2005版CLSI标准。结果与结论2005-10-12,从本院分离的非发酵革兰阴性杆菌135株,以痰标本为主,铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌对14种抗菌药物均有不同程度的耐药。     

全麻下硬支气管镜灌洗治疗小儿支气管异物并肺炎的疗效分析

目的探讨小儿支气管异物并肺炎的治疗方法及其疗效。方法一组病例于全麻下硬支气管镜取异物，术后予抗炎治疗；另一组病例于全麻下硬支气管镜取异物后加行支气管灌洗，术后并行抗炎治疗。结果取异物后灌洗组较未灌洗组治愈时间平均缩短3—5天。结论全麻下硬支气管镜取异物后加支气管灌洗治疗合并症肺炎是一种有效的方法。     

妊娠高血压综合征患者血浆AM、ET-1、CGRP的变化及临床意义

目的 :探讨肾上腺髓质素 (AM)、内皮素 - 1(ET- 1)、降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)在妊高征发病中的作用及其临床意义。方法 :采用放射免疫法测定 5 5例妊高征患者及 30例正常妊娠妇女血浆 AM、ET- 1、CGRP浓度。结果 :1妊高征患者血浆 AM、ET- 1显著高于正常妊娠组 (P<0 .0 1,P<0 .0 5 ) ,CGRP浓度则明显下降 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,妊高征各组间比较差异具有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;2妊高征患者血浆 AM、ET- 1与平均动脉压 (MAP)呈显著正相关 (r=0 .76 ,P<0 .0 1;r=0 .6 2 ,P<0 .0 5 ) ,CGRP与 MAP则呈负相关 (r=- 0 .5 4 ,P<0 .0 5 ) ;3妊高征患者血浆 AM浓度与 ET- 1浓度呈正相关 (r=0 .72 ,P<0 .0 5 )与 CGRP浓度呈负相关 (r=- 0 .6 5 ,P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :AM、ET- 1及 CGRP共同参与妊高征的病理生理过程 ,联合检测其血浆浓度可以作为监测 PIH病情的重要指标     

肾上腺素诱导兔血小板聚集的实践与理论探讨

目的创建以Ａｄｒ诱导兔血小板聚集的方法，并对受体分子特性作初步探讨。方法以高Ｋ＋缓冲液等取代兔ＰＲＰ中血浆，以Ａｄｒ诱导聚集，以Ａｐｙｒ证实结果。结果兔血小板悬浮于高Ｋ＋缓冲液时Ａｄｒ能单独诱导真正的聚集。结论由此推测血小板膜上α２肾上腺素受体分子可能为由两种亚单位组成：促聚亚单位和辅助亚单位。人辅助亚单位当Ａｄｒ浓度高达聚集阈值以上时可被激活，与促聚亚单位结合为活性的二聚体，与Ａｄｒ进一步结合发生聚集作用。兔辅助亚单位则还需要高Ｋ＋方能被激活     

IN VITRO STUDY OF ULTRASOUND BASED REAL-TIME TRACKING OF RENAL STONES FOR SHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY: PART 1

PURPOSE: We developed a real-time tracking system for renal stones that decreases the number of shock waves and treatment time of shock wave lithotripsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ultrasound images were analyzed to identify the renal stones. A computer software module for ultrasound image processing was developed to monitor stone location instantaneously. Another computer software module controlled generator movement in real time for tracking the stone. We used 13 ultrasound stone trajectories recorded from patients to test the system in vitro. Two tests were established to verify tracking system reliability. One test focused on improvement in the coincidence ratio, which denotes the matching extent of the stone within the effective focal area. The other test focused on improvement in the efficiency ratio, that is a decrease in the number of shocks for stone fragmentation. For each recorded stone trajectory 2 experiments were done under tracking and nontracking conditions. RESULTS: The average coincidence and efficiency ratios plus or minus standard deviation were 79.6% +/- 9.8% and 45.0% +/- 12.7% without tracking, and 97.0% +/- 3.0% and 85.5 +/- 6.8% with tracking, respectively. All tests were statistically significant (paired t test p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: An ultrasound based real-time tracking system proved to be significantly helpful for in vitro lithotripsy. It appears that the tracking system may greatly decrease the number of shocks and treatment time for renal stones.     

新型微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

Objective To assess the minimally invasive surgical therapeutic result of percutane-ous pedicle screw fixation using Sextant-R system in treating thoracolumbar fractures. Methods A to-tal of 36 patients with thoracolumbar fractures were divided into two groups, ie, Sextant-R pereutaneous pedicle screw fixation group (Sextant-R group, 14 patients) and open pedicle screw fixation group (open surgery group, 22 patients). A comparative study was done on surgical incision, operation duration, sur-gical blood loss and deformity correction. Results In Sextant-R group and open surgery group respec-tively, the incision size was (7.1±0. 9) cm and (16.8 ± 1.6) cm (P <0. 05), operation duration (1.1±0.7) hoursand (2.4 ±0.8) hours (P<0.05), surgical blood loss (89.3 ±12.1) ml and (325.0±123.6) ml (P < 0.01), surgical draining loss (12.6 ± 3.2) ml and (147.3 ± 36.1) ml (P < 0. 01), postoperative improvement of Cobb' s angle (4.5 ± 2.4)° and (1.0± 2.3)° (P < 0. 05), sag-ittal index (10.2 ± 10.1)° and (5.5 ± 8.6)° (P < 0.05) and anterior height of fracture vertebral body (85.0 ±7.0)% and (95.5 ±2.2)% (P <0.05). Conclusion Pereutaneous pediele screw fixation using Sextant-R system is a good minimally invasive surgical choice for patients with thoracolumbar frac-ture under strict control of surgical indications.     

Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts on rat hypoxic pulmonary

Objective To investigate the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) extracts on the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in small pulmonary arteries (SPAs) of rats with chronic hypoxia.
Methods After two weeks of hypoxia, rats were treated with diltiazem, then small, medium, and large doses of SM extracts. The lungs were tested for the expression and distribution of HO-1, endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) by using immunohistochemistry and Western blot method.
Results Median and large doses of SM extracts significantly reduced hypoxia-induced media thickening in the SPA (similar with diltiazem), recovered repaired ultrastructure injury, decreased HO-1 and iNOS levels, and increased eNOS expression in the SPA.
Conclusions Median and large doses of SM extracts play significant roles in inhibiting structural remodeling in rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. These effects might attribute to the suppression of HO-1 and iNOS, and the promotion of eNOS expression under the conditions of hypoxia.     

中药五倍子、蜂房提取物对早期釉质龋再矿化作用的实验研究

目的通过pH循环实验研究中药五倍子、蜂房提取物对人工早期釉质龋的再矿化作用。方法应用离体牛切牙制备人工釉质龋标本40例,随机分为4组:(a)去离子水组(阴性对照)、(b)五倍子组、(c)蜂房组、(d)NaF组(阳性对照),进行体外pH循环实验后,采用显微硬度计测定标本脱矿前后和pH循环后的硬度值,观察釉质表面显微硬度的变化。通过偏光显微镜观察早期釉质龋损再矿化后的病理学改变。结果NaF组(阳性对照)和五倍子组能明显的提高早期釉质龋的表面显微硬度(P<0.05),蜂房组虽然也能提高釉质龋的表面显微硬度,但与去离子水组(阴性对照)比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。偏光显微镜下,pH循环后NaF组(阳性对照)和五倍子组表层明显增厚,密度增加,病损体部出现呈负性双折射的再矿化条带,病损深度也明显变浅。结论五倍子能有效促进早期釉质龋再矿化,因而具有防龋功效。     

榄香烯乳剂在晚期非小细胞肺癌(ⅢB～Ⅳ期)综合治疗中应用

[目的]探讨榄香烯乳剂在晚期肺癌综合治疗中的应用价值。[方法]回顾性分析1998～2003年50例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者(ⅢB～Ⅳ期)的临床资料。[结果]榄香烯+NP方案组中位生存期48.0±7.9个月,1、2、3年生存率分别为93.0%±4.8%,72.9%±8.8%,55.5%±11.2%;NP方案组中位生存期26.6±4.3个月,1、2、3年生存率分别为74.5%±11.3%,55.9%±14.2%,46.6%±14.6%。两组的Kaplan-Meier曲线在统计学上存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。术后化疗2个周期后,榄香烯+NP组KPS评分较化疗前提高21例,NP方案组为7例(P=0.031)。[结论]榄香烯乳剂应用于晚期非小细胞肺癌的综合治疗中,对延长生存期、改善生存质量有较明显作用。