Current status of randomized controlled trials for laparoscopic gastric surgery for gastric cancer in China

China alone accounts for nearly 42% of all new gastric cancer cases worldwide, and gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths in China nowadays. Without mass screening programs, unfortunately over 80% of all Chinese patients have been diagnosed as advanced diseases. As in other Asian countries, especially Japan and Korea, laparoscopic gastrectomy for the treatment of gastric cancer has gained increasingly popularity in China during the past decade. Whether laparoscopic surgery can be safely and effectively performed in the treatment of gastric cancer remains controversial, particularly with regard to curative intent in advanced diseases. Given the high incidence of these cancers, and their advanced stage at diagnosis, China has a significant interest in determining the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic gastrectomy. A well‐designed randomized controlled trial (RCT) is considered the only feasible way to provide conclusive evidence. To date, China has not played a significant role in terms of conducting RCT concerning laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer. However, an effort has been made by the Chinese researchers, with the great help from our colleagues in neighboring countries such as Korea and Japan, through the establishment of the Chinese Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study Group. In this review, we present the current status of RCT for laparoscopic gastric surgery for gastric cancer in China, including published and ongoing registered RCT.     

单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折

目的探讨单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折的临床效果。方法选择2012-01—2012-12间收治的骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折患者42例,行单侧通道椎体后凸成形术,观察患者的治疗效果及疼痛评分等指标。结果患者治疗后椎体高度(26.94±12.35)mm,显著优于治疗前(15.23±5.32)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后疼痛评分(1.01±0.21)分,明显低于治疗前(7.64±1.34)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者出院后随访6~12个月,平均8.7个月,42例患者未发生感染及血管栓塞等并发症,术后3 d下床活动,7 d后出院。1 a后复查,患者骨水泥充盈良好。结论骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折采用单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗,疗效可靠,值得临床推广。     

Multiple Genes of the Renin-Angiotensin System Are Novel Targets of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling

Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of CKD and cardiovascular disease. However, current anti-RAS therapy only has limited efficacy, partly because of compensatory upregulation of renin expression. Therefore, a treatment strategy to simultaneously target multiple RAS genes is necessary to achieve greater efficacy. By bioinformatics analyses, we discovered that the promoter regions of all RAS genes contained putative T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF)-binding sites, and β-catenin induced the binding of LEF-1 to these sites in kidney tubular cells. Overexpression of either β-catenin or different Wnt ligands induced the expression of all RAS genes. Conversely, a small-molecule β-catenin inhibitor ICG-001 abolished RAS induction. In a mouse model of nephropathy induced by adriamycin, either transient therapy or late administration of ICG-001 abolished established proteinuria and kidney lesions. ICG-001 inhibited renal expression of multiple RAS genes in vivo and abolished the expression of other Wnt/β-catenin target genes. Moreover, ICG-001 therapy restored expression of nephrin, podocin, and Wilms’ tumor 1, attenuated interstitial myofibroblast activation, repressed matrix expression, and inhibited renal inflammation and fibrosis. Collectively, these studies identify all RAS genes as novel downstream targets of Wnt/β-catenin. Our results indicate that blockade of Wnt/β-catenin signaling can simultaneously repress multiple RAS genes, thereby leading to the reversal of established proteinuria and kidney injury.     

相变高分子微球增效高强度聚焦超声消融裸鼠骨肉瘤

目的制备相变高分子微球,观察其增效高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)消融裸鼠骨肉瘤模型的效果。方法制备包裹液态氟碳的高分子微球,检测其形态、结构、粒径电位及相变条件;建立裸鼠骨肉瘤模型,随机分为空白组(不予处理)、对照组(注射生理盐水)和实验组1、2、3(注射稀释倍数分别为5、10、20倍的Pct-MP溶液),处理后立即用海级星对肿瘤进行辐照。于辐照后即刻和72h提取标本并观察坏死面积、行HE染色,并对72h提取的标本的坏死周边组织进行细胞增殖和凋亡测定。结果成功制备相变高分子微球;HIFU辐照后即刻提取的标本,实验组1、2的坏死面积与对照组差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05),但与实验组3的差异无统计学意义(P0.05);72h后提取的标本,实验组1、2的坏死面积进一步扩大、与辐照后即刻提取的标本的差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。HIFU辐照72h后,实验组1、2、3与对照组间坏死周边组织的凋亡和增殖指数差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论在骨肉瘤裸鼠模型中,自制相变高分子微球能够增强HIFU对于骨肉瘤的消融效果,增强作用与微球浓度有关。     

四种特殊类型胃癌的诊治进展

胃癌除了常见的组织学类型之外,尚可见到一些特殊组织学类型和临床病理特征的病例,如神经内分泌癌、肝样腺癌、淋巴上皮瘤样癌、遗传性弥漫性胃癌等,因其具有特殊的诊治措施及预后,临床工作中我们应予重视.本文就上述四种特殊类型胃癌的诊断、治疗及预后临床进展进行综述.     

胆道结石并发肝内胆管癌风险的Meta分析

目的 明确肝外胆管结石及胆囊结石并发肝内胆管癌(Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,ICC)风险,为胆道结石的临床治疗提供参考.方法 计算机检索PubMed、EmBase以及CBM等数据库,查找胆道结石以及胆囊结石并发ICC风险的队列研究或者病例对照研究.应用STATA软件对所获得研究数据行Meta分析,根据研究间异质性选择固定效应模型或者随机效应模型.采用Egger检验评估发表偏倚.结果 共有6篇病例对照研究纳入分析,包括123 713例患者,其中ICC 4 753例,无瘤对照118 960例.Meta分析结果显示,胆管结石为ICC发病的高危因素(OR:17.64,95％ CI:11.14 ～27.95),除外肝内胆管结石,肝外胆管结石导致的ICC发病风险仍较高(OR:11.79,95％ CI:4.17～ 33.35).此外,胆囊结石也是ICC发病危险因素(OR:2.07,95％ CI:1.17 ～3.67).结论 肝外胆管结石与胆囊结石均为ICC发病的重要危险因素.     

Intramuscular schwannoma: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features

INTRODUCTION

Schwannomas that arise within the muscle plane are called intramuscular schwannomas. The low incidence of these tumours and the lack of specific clinical features make preoperative diagnosis difficult. Herein, we report our experience with intramuscular schwannomas. We present details of the clinical presentation, radiological diagnosis and management of these tumours.

METHODS

Between January 2011 and December 2013, 29 patients were diagnosed and treated for histologically proven schwannoma at the National University Hospital, Singapore. Among these 29 patients, eight (five male, three female) had intramuscular schwannomas.

RESULTS

The mean age of the eight patients was 40 (range 27–57) years. The most common presenting feature was a palpable mass. The mean interval between surgical treatment and the onset of clinical symptoms was 17.1 (range 4–72) months. Six of the eight tumours (75.0%) were located in the lower limb, while 2 (25.0%) were located in the upper limb. None of the patients had any preoperative neurological deficits. Tinel’s sign was present in one patient. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed that the findings of split-fat sign, low signal margin and fascicular sign were present in all patients. The entry and exit sign was observed in 4 (50.0%) patients, a hyperintense rim was observed in 7 (87.5%) patients and the target sign was observed in 5 (62.5%) patients. All patients underwent microsurgical excision of the tumour and none developed any postoperative neurological deficits.

CONCLUSION

Intramuscular schwannomas demonstrate the findings of split-fat sign, low signal margin and fascicular sign on MR imaging. These findings are useful for the radiological diagnosis of intramuscular schwannoma.     

普拉格雷与高剂量氯吡格雷治疗高残留血小板反应患者比较的Meta分析

目的评价普拉格雷与高剂量氯吡格雷治疗高残留血小板反应(HTPR)患者中的有效性和安全性。方法通过计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE(excerpt medical database)和the cochrane central register of controlled trials等数据库关于治疗HTPR的随机对照临床试验,应用RevMan 5.0和Stata 12.0软件系统评估高剂量氯吡格雷和普拉格雷治疗HTPR患者的有效性和安全性。结果纳入6项临床试验共242例患者。普拉格雷组的血小板抑制率高于高剂量氯吡格雷组[加权均数差(WMD)=-86.50,95%CI为-108.53~-64.47,P<0.01],而HTPR率低于高剂量氯吡格雷组(OR=0.13,95%CI为0.07~0.23,P<0.01)。安全性比较中,普拉格雷并未有增加总的出血风险(OR=1.69,95%CI为0.67~4.25,P=0.27),但普拉格雷组发生小出血的风险增加(OR=3.11,95%CI为0.98~9.82,P<0.05)。结论对于HTPR患者,普拉格雷较高剂量氯吡格雷治疗更为有效,且未增加总的出血风险。     

血液透析患者营养状况与逆流行病学现象的探讨

目的 了解维持性血液透析患者(MHD)的营养状况,探讨其存在的逆流行病学现象,为进一步提出针对性营养干预策略提供依据.方法 采用主观综合性营养评估法(SGA)、人体测量、生化指标测定方法综合评估113例维持性血液透析患者的营养状态.结果 根据SGA评分,55.75％(63例)的患者营养状况良好;营养不良患者占44.25％(50例),其中39.82％(45例)为轻-中度营养不良,4.42％(5例)为重度营养不良.营养不良组患者肱三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)、动静脉瘘对侧上臂周径(MAC)、上臂肌围(MAMC)低于营养良好组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).营养不良组总胆固醇(CH)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、血清白蛋白(Alb)、前白蛋白(PA)、血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)较营养良好组低,其中TG、PA、Scr、BUN差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),而高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和甲状旁腺素(PTH)较营养良好组偏高,但差异无统计学意义.结论 MHD患者营养不良发生比例偏高,且MHD患者营养不良是导致其逆流行病学现象的原因之一,建议根据MHD患者具体的病理生理特点来调整治疗标准.     

Evaluation of Intraductal Ultrasonography,Endoscopic Brush Cytology and K-ras,P53 Gene Mutation in the Early Diagnosis of Malignant Bile Duct Stricture

Background:In qualitative diagnosis of bile duct stenosis,single diagnostic measure is difficult to make a correct diagnosis,to combine several diagnostic techniques may be helpful to make an accurate ...