Comparison of cognitive function between patients with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

Objective To evaluate whether dialysis modality will affect cognitive function in dialysis population. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Chronic dialysis patients in our center was screened from July 2013 to July 2014. All of the subjects received brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination and comprehensive cognitive function evaluation. Results A total of 189 chronic dialysis patients were enrolled in this study, 122 cases on hemodialysis (HD) and 67 cases on peritoneal dialysis (PD). There was no significant difference in age between HD and PD groups [(56.4±13.2) years vs (56.4±16.1) years, t=0.004, P=0.997]. The dialysis vintage and serum albumin of HD patients was higher than those of PD patients[58.0(16.8, 107.5) months vs 31.0(7.0, 67.0) months, Z=-3.490, P＜0.001; (39.6±3.9) g/L vs (35.3±3.8) g/L, t=7.328，P＜0.001, respectively]. The prevalence of cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVDs) was comparable between HD and PD groups (all P＞0.05). Compared with HD patients, PD patients presented a 11.90-fold risk of immediate memory impairment (95%CI 1.40-101.08, P=0.023) and a 6.18-fold risk of long-delayed memory impairment (95%CI 2.12-18.05, P=0.001). After adjusting for age, educational lever, dialysis vintage, serum creatinine, and CSVDs, the influence of dialysis modality on memory still worked. PD patients presented a 43% risk of executive function impairment of HD patients (OR=0.43, 95%CI 0.17-1.04, P=0.061). Conclusions HD patients manifested better memory than PD patients, while PD probably performed better in executive function than HD patients. There was no significant difference in language function between the two groups. The difference in cognitive function may not be related to CSVDs.     

Effects of timing of dialysis initiation on the prognosis of peritoneal dialysis patients: a retrospective cohort study

Objective To analyze the effects of dialysis therapy initiation on the prognosis of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods PD patients who were newly catheterization and long-term followed-up in Peking University Shenzhen Hospital from January 1, 2012 to March 25, 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the time of patients catheterization, the patients were divided into early-dialysis group [eGFR＞5.5 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1] and late-dialysis group [eGFR≤5.5 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1]. The endpoint events were transferred to other renal replacement therapy (such as hemodialysis, kidney transplantation) or death. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curve, and log-rank test was used to compare the difference of survival rate between the two groups. Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the influencing factors of all-cause death and technical death in PD patients. Results A total of 342 PD patients were enrolled in this study, and there were 165 cases and 177 cases in the early-dialysis and the late-dialysis group respectively. Compared with the early-dialysis group, the proportion of patients with diabetes and men, and the level of hemoglobin, serum calcium and CO2 binding capacity in the late-dialysis group were lower, while the incidence of hypertension, serum phosphorus, blood uric acid and blood urea nitrogen level were higher in the late-dialysis group (all P＜0.05). The median follow-up time was 33(16, 57) months. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the cumulative survival rate of late-dialysis group was significantly higher than that of early-dialysis group (Log-rank χ2=12.004, P＜0.001). After adjusting for gender, age of catheterization, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus and hypertension, the risk ratio of all-cause death in the early-dialysis group was 1.950 times higher than that in the late-dialysis group (HR=1.950, 95%CI 1.019-3.730, P=0.044). Subgroup analysis showed that the timing of dialysis and the risk of end-point events were not affected by BMI, diabetes stratification and other factors (interactive P＞0.05), but there was interaction between dialysis time and catheter age (interactive P＜0.05). According to the age of catheterization, the risk of all-cause death were higher in the early dialysis group at a young age (≤48 years old) (HR=21.287, 95%CI 2.609-173.665, P=0.004). Conclusions The mortality rate of PD patients is higher in early-dialysis group, which is independent of gender, age, BMI, diabetes and hypertension. The difference is more distinct in low age group.     

个体化护理在结肠造口术护理中的作用

目的探讨个体化护理在结肠造口术中的作用。方法对我院2005～2008年36例结肠造口术患者手术前和手术后护理经验进行总结。结果36例患者恢复良好,无严重并发症和心理疾患的发生。结论以人为本的个体化护理是结肠造口手术成功的重要影响因素。     

上皮细胞条件培养液对BMSCs分化的影响

目的 探讨上皮细胞条件培养液(epithelial cell conditioned medium,ECCM)体外诱导犬BMSCs向上皮细胞分化的可行性.方法 成年健康雄性比格犬1只,体重10 kg.于犬髂后上棘采用骨髓穿刺法取骨髓5 mL,分离培养BMSCs.取犬口腔黏膜下组织,剪成约4 mm×4 mm大小,制备ECCM.取第2代BMSCs以2×104个/孔细胞密度接种,实验组于ECCM中培养,对照组于低糖DMEM完全培养基中培养.观察两组细胞形态特征,MTT法绘制生长曲线,诱导培养21 d免疫组织化学染色鉴定上皮细胞特异性标志物--细胞角蛋白19(cytokeratinl9,CK-19)和细胞角蛋白AE1/AE3,透射电镜观察细胞超微结构.结果 倒置相差显微镜下见两组细胞均呈长梭形,均匀分布,折光性较强,增殖迅速.两组细胞生长曲线均呈"S"形,实验组生长曲线较对照组右移,提示ECCM对细胞增殖有抑制作用.实验组CK-19和细胞角蛋白AE1/AE3免疫组织化学染色均呈阳性反应,对照组呈阴性.透射电镜下实验组细胞胞浆内可见紧密连接.结论 ECCM体外有诱导同种BMSCs向上皮细胞分化的作用.     

腹壁切口疝64例治疗体会

目的探讨腹壁切口疝的治疗及其围手术期处理。方法回顾性分析我院2000年1月~2004年10月64例腹壁切口疝的治疗经过。结果行单纯性疝修补术20例,无张力补片修补术44例。随访8~45月,无一例复发。结论应用聚丙烯补片、术前腹带加压包扎2周、术前预防性应用抗生素及常规肠道准备对于防治腹壁切口疝是安全、经济、可靠的方法。     

慢性肝损伤时肝内干细胞的增殖

目的：采用免疫组织化学的方法研究慢性肝损伤时肝干细胞在肝脏内的分布和增值,初步探讨肝脏的损伤修复与肿瘤发生的细胞生物学机制。方法：3,-me-DAB喂食大鼠四周,建立应激模型刺激大鼠肝内干细胞的迅速增殖,取材、固定制成石蜡切片,ABC法检测肝干细胞特异性的表面标记蛋白CD34、C-11、CK19、OV6和神经前体细胞的特异性表面标记Nestin在大鼠肝脏内的表达。结果：大鼠肝实质结构改变显著,汇管区内结缔组织细胞大量增生,浸润周围肝组织形成假小叶。靠近界板处断续的排列着卵圆样细胞分别表达CD34、CK19、OV6和Nestin,阳性细胞的形态和分布特点相似,而且具有典型的干细胞的特点。此外,肝实质内可见大量的单个核样干细胞分别表达OV6、CD34、Nestin和CK19。这些细胞类似造血系统来源的单核细胞分布在肝索、肝血窦、肝内血管、增生的小叶间胆管和胆管之间,多见于汇管区的结缔组织内。结论：3’-me-DAB作用后,肝内存在着多种干细胞,而且具有空间分布的规律性。增生的干细胞在损伤应激下继续增殖分化为肝实质细胞,参与肝脏的组织修复,同时成为引发肝脏肿瘤的可能原因之一,具体机制还需要进一步的深入研究。     

中低位直肠癌经腹肛门切除套入式肠直肠黏膜吻合保肛术169例临床研究

目的探讨套入式结肠直肠黏膜吻合术治疗中低位直肠癌保留肛门括约肌功能的安全性和可行性。方法对中低位直肠癌经腹肛门根治性切除行套入式结肠直肠黏膜吻合术治疗的169例临床资料进行分析。169例中男107例,女62例。年龄21～99岁,平均为54.2岁。肿瘤下缘距齿状线5～9cm。病理诊断直肠腺癌163例,其中高分化者70例,中分化者81例,低分化者6例,黏液腺癌6例。腺瘤癌变6例。Dukes分期:A期61例,B期101例,C期7例。结果术后发生吻合口瘘5例(2.9%),狭窄3例(1.7%),术后早期排便次数可达6～12次/d,术后12～18周时排便功能基本恢复正常。169例术后随访率为91%,中位随访时间5.8年。局部复发率为5.8%,肝转移率为13.7%。术后总体5年生存率为66.9%,中位生存时间69(6～132)个月。结论套入式结肠直肠黏膜吻合保肛术式能达到直肠癌根治性切除,且可保留肛门正常的排便控制功能。     

烧伤大鼠创面再上皮化过程中表皮角质形成细胞基底膜相关基因的表达

目的　检测烧伤大鼠创面再上皮化过程中表皮角质形成细胞(KCs)基底膜(BM)相关基因的表达。　方法　24只SD大鼠造成背部45cm2 深Ⅱ度烫伤, 按照基因表达检测时间随机分为A组(伤后3d)、B组(伤后10d)、C组(伤后14d)、D组(创面完成再上皮化后),每组6只。伤后3、10、14d取距创缘1cm处皮肤标本,创面完成再上皮化后取创面中心皮肤标本,分别制备KCs悬液。另取6只SD大鼠背部皮肤作为正常对照组。利用基因芯片技术检测各组大鼠创面再上皮化不同阶段KCsBM相关基因的差异性表达。　结果　伤后3d,KCs层粘连蛋白γ1、整合素β8基因表达上调,基因表达数据与正常对照比值分别为2. 068和2. 200。再上皮化过程中(伤后10、14d)层粘连蛋白受体1、整合素β1基因表达上调,β2、β7表达下调,基因表达数据与正常对照的比值分别为2. 472、2. 658、0. 419和0. 462。Ⅳ胶型原α1、α3基因各组均上调,基因表达数据与正常对照的比值为2. 547和2 036。　结论　创面再上皮化过程中整合素β1、层粘连蛋白γ1、层粘连蛋白受体1、Ⅳ型胶原α1、α3基因表达上调,有利于新生皮肤BM的构建和KCs与BM之间形成稳定的连接。     

颈浅动脉岛状皮瓣在修复颌面颈部烧伤瘢痕中的应用

目的　探讨颈浅动脉岛状皮瓣的切取方法,观察用其修复颌面颈部瘢痕的临床效果。方法　解剖观测10例成年人体标本的颈浅动脉起源、走行、分支和分布,将颈浅动脉分为斜方肌肌前段、肌内段和肌后段3段。14例颌面颈部瘢痕挛缩患者行瘢痕切除后应用颈浅动脉岛状皮瓣修复,观察术后皮瓣成活及患者颈部活动恢复等情况。　结果　颈浅动脉肌前段长度为(5. 1±0. 4)cm,肌内段为(2. 1±0. 5)cm,肌后段为(4. 7±0. 7)cm.内侧肌皮穿支位于第7颈椎旁开(7. 3±0. 6)cm、肩胛冈上(3. 9±0. 7)cm处。本组患者修复皮瓣大小为(16. 0cm×7. 0cm)~(35. 0cm×12. 0cm),除1例皮瓣远端有约3. 0cm×1. 5cm的坏死外, 13例患者皮瓣完全成活。随访4个月—3年,效果满意。　结论　颈浅动脉岛状皮瓣切取方法简便,不需要行断蒂手术,是修复颌面颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形的较好选择。     

MMP-12 has a role in abdominal aortic aneurysms in mice

BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 levels are increased in the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), implicating this protease in AAA pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of MMP-12 in aneurysm formation. METHODS: A murine aneurysm model was generated by periaortic application of 0.25 mol/L calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) for 15 minutes. Aortic diameters were measured and compared before and 10 weeks after aneurysm induction. Aortic diameter changes for wild type (WT) and MMP-12 knockout (MMP-12 -/- ) mice were determined. MMP-12 production in mouse aorta was analyzed by casein zymography. MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions were examined by gelatin zymography. Immunohistochemical study was used to measure macrophage infiltration into the aorta. RESULTS: There is an increase of 63 +/- 5% (mean +/- SEM) in aortic diameters of WT mice after CaCl 2 inductions, while MMP-12 -/- mice increased only 26 +/- 14%. Connective tissue staining of aortic sections from WT mice showed disruption and fragmentation of medial elastic fibers, while MMP-12 -/- mice showed only focal elastic lamellae breakdown. MMP-12 levels in WT mice were significantly increased after CaCl 2 treatment, whereas no MMP-12 was detected in MMP-12 -/- mice. There was no difference in the MMP-2 and MMP-9 productions between WT and MMP-12 -/- mice. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that infiltrating macrophages in the aorta of MMP-12 -/- mice were significantly less than WT controls. CONCLUSIONS: MMP-12 deficiency attenuates aneurysm growth, possibly by decreasing macrophage recruitment.