横断面调查在抗菌药物管理PDCA中的应用

目的：探讨将横断面调查应用于抗菌药物管理PDCA中的成效。方法：通过2012年连续4次横断面调查收集资料,应用于抗菌药物管理PDCA循环的计划与检查环节。结果：调查的8项指标中6项有显著改善（P〈0．01）,其余两项无显著改善（P〉0．05）。结论：将横断面调查应用于抗菌药物管理PDCA的各个环节,能改善抗菌药物临床合理应用状况,是提高抗菌药物管理质量行之有效的方法。     

新疆护理专职教师工作压力现状及影响因素

目的探讨新疆护理教师工作压力现状并分析其影响因素,为提出护理教师队伍建设的相关对策提供实证依据并为护理院校管理和教师人才队伍的可持续发展提出建议。方法采用高职教师工作压力量表对新疆15个地、市、州抽取的10所护理院校在编在岗的256位护理教师进行问卷调查,调查其工作压力现状并分析其影响因素。结果护理专职教师的工作压力得分为（2．436±0．576）分,大于2分,说明教师的工作压力大。教龄、婚姻、兼职情况及教学工作量不同的教师因社会因素而产生的工作压力水平不同,不同婚姻状况的教师因学校管理及制度因素产生的压力水平不同,性别、年龄、学历、婚姻、教学工作量不同的教师个人职业发展所带来的压力水平不同,性别、教龄、每周课时量等在护理院校教师工作压力不同;年龄、婚姻状况、教学工作量不同的教师因人际关系产生的工作压力水平不同,性别、年龄、教龄、职称、婚姻、教学工作量、收入水平及兼职情况不同的教师因工作负荷压力水平不同,性别、职称、婚姻、教学工作量、担任教学课程不同的教师因个人特质因素带来的工作压力不同,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论护理专职教师的工作压力大,来源是多方面的,学校管理制度和社会因素带来的压力最大,因此应尽快改变社会各界对护理教育认识上的不足和偏见,明确护理教育的定位,加大国家对护理教育的投入,同时护理教师应提高对自己职业的认识,合理制定自己的职业生涯发展规划。     

Clinical consequences of ADRbeta2 polymorphisms

The most prescribed medication for controlling bronchoconstriction associated with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are beta-agonists. The gene ADRbeta2 encodes the beta-2-adrenergic receptor and contains several common genetic variations that affect gene expression and receptor function in vitro. The ADRbeta2 variations Gly(16)Arg and Gln(27)Glu and, more recently, haplotypic variations, have been the focus of numerous pharmacogenetic studies looking at responses to short-acting (SABA) and long-acting beta-agonists (LABA) in subjects with asthma. Thus far, a consensus on the effects of ADRbeta2 genetic variations has not been reached, although there does appear to be a reproducible adverse effect in subjects homozygous for Arg(16) that are regularly treated with SABAs. The complexity of the genotype by response effects observed makes clinical application of ADRbeta2 genetic variations limited, and may require the use of detailed haplotypic variation to fully understand the role ADRbeta2 plays in regulating beta-agonist response.     

Cobalt-55 positron emission tomography in recurrent ischaemic stroke.

The present study investigates if Cobalt-55 (55Co) positron emission tomography (PET) allows us to distinguish and detect recent, recurrent strokes in patients who had already suffered a previous infarct in the same vascular territory. Fourteen patients with recurrent strokes underwent a 55Co PET scan of the brain. Recently infarcted areas, less than 2 months old, had a high 55Co uptake ratio, whereas infarcts of 6 months to 1 year had an uptake ratio comparable to normal brain tissue. In infarcts older than 2 years the 55Co uptake ratio was decreased compared to the control values. The evolution in 55Co uptake ratios with time can be explained by the dynamics of the inflammatory response within the infarct core. 55Co PET allows to demonstrate stroke recurrence and suggests that single photon emission tomography, using 57Co as the tracer, could be a more easy alternative to be used in routine neurological practice.