不同类型栓子所致急性缺血大鼠脑组织形态学变化及其蛋白表达差异的研究

目的 探讨不同类型栓子所致急性缺血大鼠脑组织形态学变化及其蛋白表达的差异.方法 健康无特定病原体雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠120只.粉碎胆固醇晶体,制备胆固醇栓子.取大鼠自体动脉血,凝固烘干后,制成血栓栓子.栓子直径为60～100μm.采用改进的微栓子栓塞法(少量多次注射栓子代替传统的一次性注射)制作...     

饮酒对成人红细胞免疫及其调节功能影响的研究

目的 探讨饮酒对红细胞免疫及其调节功能的影响.方法 对饮酒组(94人)和对照组(62人)健康成人分别检测其红细胞受体花环率(RBC-C3bRR)、红细胞免疫复合物花环率(RBC-ICR)、红细胞免疫增强因子(EF)及抑制因子(IF)的变化.结果 饮酒组的RBC-C3bRR、EF水平低于非饮酒组(P均＜0.01),而RBC-ICR水平则高于非饮酒对照组(P＜0.01);相关分析表明RBC-C3bRR、EF水平与饮酒量及饮酒时间负相关,而RBC-ICR、IF水平则与被动饮酒量及饮酒时间呈正相关.结论 长期大量饮酒可引起继发性免疫功能低下及降低红细胞免疫调节能力.     

Corneal densitometry in patients with arcus senilis and its correlation with serum lipid levels

Purpose:To evaluate corneal densitometry (CD) of patients with arcus senilis (AS) and its association with the serum lipid markers.Methods:This is a cross-sectional, case-control study. The AS diagnosis was made clinically. Forty-five eyes of 45 patients with AS and 38 eyes of 38 age-matched control subjects with no noticeable AS were enrolled in the study. All participants underwent detailed ophthalmologic examination along with corneal Scheimpflug imaging with CD measurement. The evaluated serum lipid markers of the participants included total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). The Spearman correlation analysis was used to correlate the serum lipid values and the CD. P < 0.05 was defined as statistically significant.Results:The male to female ratio was 26/19 and 14/24 in the study and control groups, respectively (P = 0.057). The mean age was 59.56 ± 8.7 and 56.47 ± 8.6 years in the study and control groups, respectively (P = 0.117). The mean total CD values in the zones extending from 2 to 12 mm were higher in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.001). The serum HDL level was found to be significantly decreased in the study group compared to the control group (P = 0.048 and Z = −1.976). There was a significant positive correlation between the serum triglyceride level and the CD value of the outermost zone (10–12 mm) (r = 0.334 and P = 0.025).Conclusion:The CD of patients with AS was found to increase not only in the peripheral zone but also in the cornea’s paracentral zone compared to the healthy controls. The serum triglyceride level should give an insight into the intensity of arcus senilis. The serum HDL levels were decreased in patients with AS.     

Renoprotective effect of N-acetylcysteine on chronic cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity

Objective To explore the renoprotective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on chronic cyclosporine A (CsA) nephrotoxicity in mice model. Methods ICR mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group [olive oil, 1 ml/kg subcutaneous injection (s.c)], NAC control group (olive oil, 1 ml/kg s.c plus NAC 150 mg•kg-1•d-1 in drinking water), model group [ICR mice maintained on a salt-depleted diet (0.05% sodium) plus CsA (30 mg•kg-1•d-1) for four weeks]; Treatment group [ICR mice maintained on a salt-depleted diet (0.05% sodium) plus CsA (30 mg•kg-1•d-1 s.c) and NAC (150 mg•kg-1•d-1 in drinking water). Basic parameters, histopathology, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), the expression of Klotho and AKT-FoxO1 were studied. Results Compared with the normal control group, mice in model group showed deterioration in renal function [Scr (27.8±1.2) μmol/L vs (19.0±2.2) μmol/L, P＜0.01], development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, increased urinary 8-OHdG output [(41.2±16.8) ng/d vs (28.7±7.4) ng/d, P＜0.05], and decreased Klotho expression [(17.8±4.5)% vs (100.0±4.0)%, P＜0.01]. Concomitant administration of NAC significantly improved all above parameters (all P＜0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that Klotho expression was negatively correlated with urinary 8-OHdG excretion (r＝-0.934, P＜0.01) and AKT-FoxO1 expression （AKT: r＝-0.939, P＜0.01; FoxO1: r＝-0.919, P＜0.01). Conclusion NAC can attenuate tubulointerstitial fibrosis in chronic CsA nephrotoxicity mice, which may be associated with the up-regulation of Klotho expression and the inhibition of AKT-FoxO1 signaling pathway.     

99Tcm-MPO用于早期心肌灌注显像的动物实验研究

目的 :制备99mTc-2-巯基吡啶N-氧化物-N-乙氧基乙基-N,N-二[2-(二(3-甲氧基丙基)膦)乙基]胺([99mTcN(MPO)(PNP5)]+,简称99Tcm-MPO),考察其体内生物分布及其作为新型心肌灌注示踪剂的应用价值。方法 :二步法合成99TcmMPO,采用高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)分析其标记率及体外稳定性,鼠尾静脉注射99Tcm-MPO(3.7 MBq)后不同时间进行生物学分布研究,新西兰兔耳缘静脉注射99Tcm-MPO后行单光子发射断层扫描(SPECT)平面序列显像,以99Tcm-替曲膦(37 MBq)和99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(99Tcm-MIBI,37 MBq)为对照组;实验小型猪冠状动脉左回旋支(LCX)球囊血流阻断后,静脉注射99Tcm-MPO后15、60 min分别行心脏灌注显像(MPI)显像。结果:99Tcm-MPO标记率为(98.8±1.0)%,体外放置12 h放化纯为(96.5±0.8)%。体内生物分布显示:5 min时,99Tcm-MPO肾脏摄取与99Tcm-替曲膦类似,均低于99Tcm-MIBI,99Tcm-MPO肝脏摄取为(30.38±0.43)%ID/g,略高于99Tcm-MIBI和99Tcm-替曲膦,但99Tcm-MPO肝脏排泄快,15 min时99Tcm-MPO心脏摄取(9.38±0.70)%ID/g略低于99Tcm-MIBI,但差异无统计学意义,而99Tcm-MPO心/肝比值(2.21±0.44)明显高于99Tcm-MIBI(0.62±0.02)和99Tcm-替曲膦(0.89±0.06,F=22.29,P=0.016);静脉注射99Tcm-MPO后5 min兔平面显像可见心、肝清晰显影,15 min肝脏放射性摄取显著降低,心/肝比值为(0.85±0.32),高于99Tcm-MIBI(0.71±0.15)和99Tcm-替曲膦(0.59±0.64),差异无统计学意义。猪心肌缺血模型SPECT/CT显像示注射后15 min外侧壁心肌可见99Tcm-MPO明显放射性缺损区,心/肝比值与60 min差异无统计学意义。结论:99Tcm-MPO作为新型心肌显像剂,心脏摄取多,肝脏清除快,15 min心/肝放射性摄取高于99Tcm-MIBI和99Tcm-替曲膦,预期可用于早期心肌灌注显像,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

Multidimensional feature interactions in visual crowding: When configural cues eliminate the polarity advantage

Crowding occurs when surrounding objects (flankers) impair target perception. A key property of crowding is the weaker interference when target and flankers strongly differ on a given dimension. For instance, identification of a target letter is usually superior with flankers of opposite versus the same contrast polarity as the target (the “polarity advantage”). High performance when target-flanker similarity is low has been attributed to the ungrouping of target and flankers. Here, we show that configural cues can override the usual advantage of low target-flanker similarity, and strong target-flanker grouping can reduce – instead of exacerbate – crowding. In Experiment 1, observers were presented with line triplets in the periphery and reported the tilt (left or right) of the central line. Target and flankers had the same (uniform condition) or opposite contrast polarity (alternating condition). Flanker configurations were either upright (||), unidirectionally tilted (\\ or //), or bidirectionally tilted (\/ or /\). Upright flankers yielded stronger crowding than unidirectional flankers, and weaker crowding than bidirectional flankers. Importantly, our results revealed a clear interaction between contrast polarity and flanker configuration. Triplets with upright and bidirectional flankers, but not unidirectional flankers, showed the polarity advantage. In Experiments 2 and 3, we showed that emergent features and redundancy masking (i.e. the reduction of the number of perceived items in repeating configurations) made it easier to discriminate between uniform triplets when flanker tilts were unidirectional (but not when bidirectional). We propose that the spatial configurations of uniform triplets with unidirectional flankers provided sufficient task-relevant information to enable a similar performance as with alternating triplets: strong-target flanker grouping alleviated crowding. We suggest that features which modulate crowding strength can interact non-additively, limiting the validity of typical crowding rules to contexts where only single, independent dimensions determine the effects of target-flanker similarity.     

环磷酰胺对人腺泡状横纹肌肉瘤细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长和形态结构的影响

目的 检测环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,CTX)对人腺泡状横纹肌肉瘤细胞株PLA-802裸鼠移植瘤生长和形态结构的影响.方法 16只裸鼠右腋皮下接种PLA-802移植瘤细胞悬液后分成空白对照组(5只)、生理盐水对照组(5只)和20 mg/kg CTX治疗组(6只).接种后第7天开始,经腹腔注射给药,隔日1次,共注射10次.每2天测量1次肿瘤大小绘制移植瘤生长曲线.接种后第26天杀鼠摘取移植瘤称重,组织经制片染色后用光镜和电镜检查.结果 ①CTX治疗组移植瘤生长被明显抑制(P＜0.05),抑瘤率85.55%.②治疗后瘤细胞疏松排列成腺泡状,由纤维间质分隔,血管稀少;瘤细胞椭圆形、网拍状或短梭形;核椭圆或类圆形,大小不一;核分裂相减少.电镜见瘤细胞质内有不等量肌(微)丝,甚至有横纹肌肌原纤维结构形成.结论 CTX对人腺泡状横纹肌肉瘤PLA-802移植瘤生长具有一定程度的抑制作用,治疗后瘤组织形态结构改变.     

加味四逆散对皮质酮、谷氨酸致PC12细胞损伤的保护作用研究

目的:观察中药加味四逆散(Jiawei Sinisan,JWSNS)对皮质酮(corticOSterone,Cort)、谷氨酸(glutamate,Glu)致PC12细胞损伤的保护作用.方法:以100,200,400 μmol/L Cort和10,50,100 μmol/L Glu以及50,100 ml/L JWSNS含药血清分别与PC12细胞共同孵育24 h,采用倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,以甲基噻唑基四唑(methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium,MTT)法测定细胞存活率.选取200 μmol/L Cort和50 μmol/L Glu建立PC12细胞损伤模型,以MTT法观察50,100ml/L JWSNS含药血清各组对Cort和Glu所致PC12细胞损伤的保护作用.结果:不同浓度的Cort和Glu对PC12细胞的生长均具有抑制作用,随着浓度的升高,细胞损伤程度加重.各浓度的JWSNS含药血清对正常PC12细胞无毒性和不良反应.对Cort和Glu所致的PC12细胞模型,50ml/L JWSNS含药血清各组无明显抗损伤作用;Cort,Glu 100 ml/L JWSNS含药血清低、中、高各组细胞存活率分别为72.58%、87.11%、75.81%、69.35%、82.25%和70.97%,与Cort、Glu损伤模型组及正常血清组相比,细胞存活率明显升高,差异有显著性(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论:100ml/L JWSNS含药血清对Cort、Glu所致PC12细胞的损伤具有保护作用.     

新基因MIP2的克隆和特性分析

目的 克隆1个大鼠心肌缺血-再灌诱导表达上调的新基因MIP2,并分析其相关特性.方法 采用生物信息学方法.克隆了1个大鼠心肌缺血-再灌诱导表达上调的新基因MIP2,分析了新基因的若干特性:采用PCB从cDNA文库中克隆MIP2的开放阅读框.结果 MIP2定位于大鼠染色体1q42.12,含14个外显子和13个内含子,开放阅读框(ORF)为1 497 bp,编码498个氨基酸.在其编码蛋白的N-端含1个CTLH结构域.C-端有5个WD重复序列;MIP2的开放阅读框经测序证实与预测的完全一样;多组织膜RNA印迹证实了MIP2转录本的存在,且显示该基因在心与骨骼肌表达最高.其次是脾和睾丸,在其他组织表达较低或无表达.结论 成功克隆了1个大鼠心肌缺血一再灌诱导表迭上调的新基因MIP2.     

大骨节Ⅰ号方治疗脾肾阳虚寒湿阻络型大骨节病的临床疗效观察

目的与布洛芬缓释胶囊对照,评价大骨节Ⅰ号方胶囊治疗大骨节病的疗效。方法选择大骨节病患者210例随机分为治疗组105例、对照组105例,分别予口服大骨节Ⅰ号方胶囊、布洛芬缓释胶囊。各组服用3个月后观察疗效,同时观察停药半年、1年的疗效。结果3个月后,两组的疗效差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,但治愈率、不良反应率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）;停药半年、1年的随访观察中两组临床疗效、治愈率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论大骨节Ⅰ号方胶囊治疗大骨节病的治愈率、不良反应率及远期疗效优于布洛芬缓释胶囊。