Fertility of ejaculated and testicular megalohead spermatozoa with intracytoplasmic sperm injection

In this study the fertility and outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using megalohead spermatozoa from the ejaculates and testicles was evaluated. Seventeen males with megalohead and pinhead sperm forms in their ejaculate were studied in 22 cycles. A high number of sperm heads without tails and abundant round spermatid forms were commonly observed. Round-headed spermatozoa were seldom accompanied by these severely abnormal spermatozoa. The majority of megalohead spermatozoa were observed to have multiple tails, were predominant in the sample, and were used for ICSI. Ejaculated megalohead spermatozoa were used for ICSI in 15 cycles, while testicular spermatozoa were used in seven cycles where there were no vital spermatozoa or spermatozoa of low vitality in the ejaculate. The same abnormal morphology was observed in the testicles as in the ejaculated spermatozoa in the same males. Mean (+/- SD) low motility 4.7 +/- 5.6% and sperm count (3.8 +/- 4.19 x 10(6)) were common findings in these severely teratozoospermic patients. A low fertilization rate (43.2%) was achieved by using megalohead sperm forms (group I, n = 17) in comparison with the control group (60.2%) which had zero normal sperm morphology according to strict criteria (group II, n = 30) (P <0.01). Furthermore, a low pregnancy rate (9.1%) was obtained in the megalohead sperm group in comparison with the control group (40%) (P <0.05). Low fertilization and pregnancy rates may be due to a high incidence of chromosomal abnormalities from severely defective spermatozoa in the ejaculate. Couples should be counselled and warned about possible low fertilization and pregnancy rates with ICSI when only pinhead and megalohead forms with a high number of sperm heads without tails are present in the ejaculate.     

加味四逆散对慢性束缚应激大鼠海马部分氨基酸含量的影响

目的：观察加味四逆散对慢性束缚应激大鼠海马部分氨基酸含量的影响。 方法： 大鼠随机分为3组：正常对照组、模型组、加味四逆散组。采用OPA高效液相色谱分析法检测海马氨基酸含量。 结果： 模型组海马谷氨酸（Glu）、天冬氨酸（Asp）含量明显高于正常对照组（P<0.01），γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）和牛磺氨酸（Tau）含量明显低于正常对照组（P<0.01或P<0.05）；加味四逆散组Glu、Asp明显低于模型组（P<0.05），GABA和Tau含量变化不明显。 结论： 加味四逆散能调节慢性束缚应激反应海马部分氨基酸水平，防止兴奋性氨基酸的神经毒性作用。     

Flt-4在不同级别脑星形细胞瘤中的表达意义

目的：探讨不同组织病理分级的脑星形细胞瘤中血管内皮生长因子受体3（Flt-4又称VEGFR-3）的表达意义。 方法： 采用免疫组织化学方法，检测50例不同级别脑星形细胞瘤患者手术切除标本中Flt-4、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达，并用抗FⅧ因子抗体标记瘤组织血管内皮细胞，计算肿瘤内微血管密度（IMVD）。 结果： Flt-4、VEGF总阳性表达率分别为52%（26/50）、60%（30/50）。Flt-4、VEGF均与脑星形细胞瘤病理分级呈显著正相关（等级相关系数分别为0.359、0.360,P＜0.05）。 结论： 脑星形细胞瘤中有Flt-4表达，主要表达于血管内皮细胞和部分肿瘤细胞，Flt-4既可是内皮细胞自分泌产生，部分还可来自瘤细胞的旁分泌；脑星形细胞瘤中Flt-4阳性表达的脉管是血管；Flt-4的表达与星形细胞瘤的病理分级相关     

A female with X‐linked Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in a family with inherited central diabetes Insipidus: Case report and review of the literature

There are two forms of diabetes insipidus, central (neurohypophyseal), and nephrogenic, caused by pathogenic variants in the AVP gene and the AVPR2 or AQP2 genes, respectively. We report on a four‐generation family, seven individuals had central diabetes insipidus (CDI) and the female index patient seen from age 16 to 26 years had (mild) nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. In her father with CDI, a known pathogenic heterozygous AVP variant c.232_234del p.(Glu78del) was identified, confirming the diagnosis of CDI in him and the other affected family members. In the proband, molecular analysis disclosed a novel heterozygous AVPR2 gene variant, c.962A > T p.(Asn321Ile) and an extremely skewed X‐inactivation, confirming X‐linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (XL‐NDI). Whole exome sequencing showed no further causative mutation. This is the first report on the co‐existence of CDI and NDI in one family. Our review of symptomatic female AVPR2 heterozygotes includes 23 families with at least one affected female (including this study). There were 21 different causative mutations. Mutation types in females did not differ from those in males. Both severe XL‐NDI and mild forms were reported in females. All six females with severe XL‐NDI had complete loss‐of‐function (null) mutations. The remaining 17 female probands had milder XL‐NDI caused by 14 missense variants and three null variants of the AVPR2 gene. X‐inactivation was studied in nine of these females; all showed extreme or slight skewing. The review underlines that XL‐NDI in female AVPR2 heterozygotes is always accompanied by skewed X‐inactivation, emphasizing a need for X‐inactivation studies in these females.     

Comparative morphological differences between umbilical cords from chronic hypertensive and preeclamptic pregnancies

To compare morphological changes in the umbilical cords from chronic hypertensive and preeclamptic patients having normal or pathological umbilical artery Doppler ultrasonographic results. Umbilical cords from 34 normotensive, 31 chronic hypertensive and 70 preeclamptic women with normal and abnormal Doppler flow velocity waveforms (FVW) at 35-40 gestational weeks were studied. Morphological changes in the umbilical cords were examined on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. The total umbilical cord area, total vessel area, and wall thickness of umbilical vessels were measured in systematic random samples using unbiased stereology methods. An ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis. In the chronic hypertensive and preeclamptic groups with normal Doppler FVW, the thickness of the umbilical cord vessels remained nearly constant, whereas both the total area and the lumen area were reduced. These changes correlate with the histopathological findings, suggesting a mainly vasoconstrictive effect. By contrast, analysis of the preeclamptic group with pathologic Doppler FVW showed a comparable reduction of all parameters of the umbilical cord. Histopathological findings were related to smaller, contracted smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall, which is suggestive of a predominant hypoplastic mechanism. As a result of reduced uteroplacental perfusion, fetal hypoxia and intrauterine growth retardation become unavoidable in preeclampsia. The histopathological changes in the umbilical cord between the chronic hypertensive and preeclamptic patients depend on the Doppler results. In conclusion, the umbilical artery Doppler FVW indices provide good values for predicting intrauterine growth retardation in preeclamptic patients.     

人胚胎干细胞原代克隆生长及其传代的研究

目的 评价人胚胎干细胞建系与囊胚质量、原代克隆生长的关系。方法 D3废弃胚胎成组共培养获得不同质量的囊胚，免疫刀去除囊胚滋养外胚层细胞后，将内细胞团(ICM)接种到饲养细胞层上生长、传代。结果 从质量好的囊胚得到的人胚胎干细胞传代的代数更多；原代克隆生长快的人胚胎干细胞传代效率更高。结论 人胚胎干细胞建系与囊胚质量、原代克隆生长情况密切相关。     

真核表达人呼吸道合胞病毒F蛋白的纯化方法

目的 真核表达人呼吸道合胞病毒(human respiratory syncytial virus,SV)融合蛋白(fusion protein,),并完成蛋白纯化及纯度测定.方法 根据编码F蛋白的基因序列设计引物,CR方法扩增出3'端带His标签的F基因序列,克隆入pGEM-T-easy载体,经核酸序列分析后,进一步克隆到pcDNA3.1( )真核表达载体,限制性内切酶鉴定,用脂质体Lipofectamine2000转染COS-7细胞,2 h后再用Westem blot检测目的蛋白的表达.Ni柱亲和层析纯化COS-7细胞表达的F蛋白,高效毛细管电泳分析纯化后蛋白纯度.结果 核酸序列分析证实获得带His标签的RSV F基因序列,没有发生无义突变.转染COS-7细胞后,利用Western blot方法检测到F蛋白的特异性条带,纯度达99%以上.结论 初步建立了真核表达RSV F蛋白的纯化方法,为进一步优化RSV F蛋白制备条件及单克隆抗体及诊断试剂等研究奠定了基础.     

广州4194份脐带血HLA-A、B、DRB1等位基因型和单倍型频率研究

目的 对广州脐血库10年来保存的脐血人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)等位基因及单倍型分布特征进行分析.方法 采用单克隆板,序列特异引物聚合酶链反应,PCR序列特异性寡核苷酸探针和DNA测序分型方法对广州脐血库内4194份脐带血进行HIA-A、B、DRB1等位基因分型.用Arlequm软件计算HLA基因频率和单倍型频率.结果 在广州脐血库中,HLA-A、B、DRB1等位基因型分别有18,43,13种.累积频率>50%的显著高频率等位基因是:A*11,A*02,A*24,A*33,B*40,B*15,B*46,B*13,DRB1*12,DRB1*15,DRB1*09,DRB1*04;最常见的单倍型为:A2-B46、B6-DR9、A11-DR12、A2-B6-DR9.结论 广州脐血库脐血捐献者HIA-A、B、DRB1等位基因型及单倍型分布具有典型南方人群的特点,此资料有助于为临床移植寻找合适匹配的供受对.     

三例眼皮肤白化病患者TYR和P基因的突变分析

目的 分析眼皮肤白化病(oculocutaneom albinism,OCA)患者酪氨酸酶(tyrosinase,TYR)基因和P基因的基因突变.方法 应用聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction ,PCR)和变性高效液相色谱(de-naturing high-perfomanee liquia chromatography,DHPLC)技术对3例患者的眼皮肤白化病Ⅰ、Ⅱ型相关基因(TYR和P基因)的外显子进行突变检测,并对DHPLC检出的突变样本进行测序和限制性内切酶分析以验证该突变.针对未见报道的新突变,筛查100名表型正常的无关个体,排除多态的可能.结果 在3例患者中检测出两种P基因突变,未检测到TYR基因突变.其中,患者1的P基因第13外显子发生杂合突变T450M;患者2的P基因发生两个杂合突变,分别是第13外显子T450M和第23外显子G775R;患者3的P基因第23外显子发生杂合突变G775R.P基因第13外显子限制性内切酶分析显示,患者1、2均出现杂合突变T450M导致的Oli I酶切位点部分消失,100名表型正常的无关个体未检出该突变;经检索,T450M为一未见报道的新突变.结论 联合应用PCR、DHPLC、DNA测序和限制性内切酶分析的方法可有效的对白化病进行基因诊断.