大鼠心肌组织中高能磷酸化物的含量测定

目的 建立了同步测定大鼠心肌组织中5种高能磷酸化物含量的反相离子对高效液相色谱法,并观察异丙肾上腺素致害大鼠心肌损伤模型中能量代谢的变化。方法 色谱柱:Supelco ODS-C₁₈(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);柱温:23℃～25℃;UV检测波长210nm;流动相:220mmol·L^-1磷酸盐缓冲液(含3mmol·L^-1四丁基氢氧化铵和7%甲醇),pH6.5;流速1.2ml·min^-1和1.3ml·min^-1。结果 5种能量代谢物质ATP、ADP、AMP、CrP和Cr达到良好分离,ATP、ADP、CrP在10～100μmol·L^-1,AMP在100～500μmol·L^-1,Cr在100～1000μmol·L^-1浓度范围,峰面积与浓度呈良好线性关系。日内和日间精密度的RSD均<10%,ATP、ADP、AMP、CrP及Cr的提取回收率(%)平均为:97.86、104.38、100.00、97.64和98.8。与生理盐水组相比,ISO致害大鼠心室组织中ATP含量及能荷(EC)显著下降(P<0.05)、ADP呈下降而AMP呈上升趋势，CrP含量显著上升（P<0.01）。结论 本法操作简便、结果准确，可以用于大鼠心肌组织提取液中高能磷酸化物的测定和能量代谢状况的研究。     

国家慢性病综合防控示范区建设总体实施现状研究

目的 了解国家慢性病综合防控示范区（示范区）自创建以来各项活动总体开展情况,为进一步开展示范区建设活动提供参考。方法 采用依据实施方案设计的问卷,调查全国参与示范区创建的机构各项目活动开展情况,每个示范区选取8个机构部门共完成12份问卷调查。结果 示范区实施情况实际得分占总分的71.8%。示范区要求开展的7项活动中,百分制得分较高的为监测（88.0%）、保障措施（75.0%）、健康教育和健康促进（75.0%）;得分相对较低的是全民健康生活方式行动（67.7%）、社区诊断（66.7%）、高危人群发现和干预（64.7%）、患者管理（60.9%）。东、中、西三个地区在保障措施、健康教育和健康促进及高危人群发现和干预专项得分的差异有统计学意义。总体来讲,东部示范区实施情况优于中部和西部。示范区慢性病防控工作指标体系中的23项活动开展情况中,百分制得分最高的5项分别为政策保障、死因监测、肿瘤登记、心脑血管事件报告和烟草控制;得分最低的5项为平衡膳食、患者自我管理、口腔卫生、示范创建和基本公共卫生服务均等化。23项活动总体得分结果为东部地区得分高于中部和西部地区,中部和西部地区得分基本一致。结论 国家慢性病示范区创建各项工作总体实施情况良好,高危人群发现和干预,以及患者管理是示范区今后工作重点。     

Thrombocytopoietic properties of oncostatin M

Oncostatin M (OM) is a 28-kD glycoprotein that exhibits a panoply of biologic effects. Based on histologic observations of increased splenic megakaryocytes in nude mice implanted with an OM-secreting cell line, the thrombocytopoietic properties of OM in mice were investigated in culture and in vivo. Alone, OM did not induce megakaryocytic colony formation, but in combination with murine interleukin-3 (IL-3), OM markedly enhanced colony formation. The effects of OM on colony formation were similar to those of IL-6. OM alone augmented acetylcholinesterase in short-term marrow cultures. In normal mice, the administration of OM augmented platelet counts without increasing other circulating blood cell counts. The increment in counts exceeded that observed with IL-6. The kinetics of the OM response suggested that maximal increases in platelets occurred 3 days after the cessation of OM administration, irrespective of the duration of administration. In irradiated mice, OM administration accelerated platelet recovery and prevented the decrease in red blood cells observed in irradiated control animals. The data show that OM behaves as a megakaryocytic maturation factor in vitro and augments platelet production in vivo. Based on these animal data, OM may have potential clinical utility as a thrombocytopoietic agent.     

中国10个地区成年人自评健康状况与全因死亡、心血管疾病死亡风险的关联研究

目的:分析自评健康状况（SRH）与全因死亡和心血管疾病（CVD）死亡风险的关联性。方法:研究对象来自中国慢性病前瞻性研究,剔除有逻辑错误和信息缺失的个体,最终纳入512 713名研究对象。SRH在基线问卷调查时搜集,包括整体自评健康状况（GSRH）及与同龄人相比自评健康状况（ASRH）;死亡事件及原因通过链接到疾病死亡...     

青岛市成年人水果摄入与脑卒中发病关联的前瞻性研究

目的 了解青岛市居民的水果摄入情况,探讨水果摄入与脑卒中发病的关联。方法 利用中国慢性病前瞻性研究项目（CKB）青岛项目点30～79岁调查对象的基线信息和随访获得的脑卒中发病事件,采用Cox比例风险回归模型,评估水果摄入与脑卒中发病风险之间的关联。结果 基线共调查35 509人,男女性别比为1∶1.27,年龄（50.3±10.2）岁。水果摄入频率较高的研究对象更年轻,更多的是女性、文化程度高和家庭收入高的人群（均P<0.05）。本研究随访过程共观察到脑卒中发病事件1 011例,脑卒中发病密度为387.63/10万人年。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,在调整了相关混杂因素之后,增加水果的摄入频率对脑卒中发病具有保护作用。与几乎不吃水果的研究对象相比,≥4次/周频率组的研究对象脑卒中发病的风险降低了44%（HR=0.56,95% CI：0.50～0.62,P<0.05）,在男性和女性中分别降低了46%（HR=0.54,95% CI：0.46～0.64）和42%（HR=0.58,95% CI：0.52～0.69）（均P<0.05）。进一步调整研究对象的腰围、BMI、SBP和随机血糖,没有改变水果摄入对于脑卒中发病的保护作用。结论 增加水果摄入能降低脑卒中的发病风险,我国居民应增加水果摄入,建立更健康合理的饮食习惯。     

Neutrophil-derived MMP-9 mediates synergistic mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by the combination of G-CSF and the chemokines GRObeta/CXCL2 and GRObetaT/CXCL2delta4

Mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) are widely used for transplantation, but mechanisms mediating their release from marrow are poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that the chemokines GRObeta/CXCL2 and GRObetaT/CXCL2Delta4 rapidly mobilize PBSC equivalent to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and are synergistic with G-CSF. We now show that mobilization by GRObeta/GRObetaT and G-CSF, alone or in combination, requires polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)-derived proteases. Mobilization induced by GRObeta/GRObetaT is associated with elevated levels of plasma and marrow matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and mobilization and MMP-9 are absent in neutrophil-depleted mice. G-CSF mobilization correlates with elevated neutrophil elastase (NE), cathepsin G (CG), and MMP-9 levels within marrow and is partially blocked by either anti-MMP-9 or the NE inhibitor MeOSuc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-CMK. Mobilization and protease accumulation are absent in neutrophil-depleted mice. Synergistic PBSC mobilization observed when G-CSF and GRObeta/GRObetaT are combined correlates with a synergistic rise in the level of plasma MMP-9, reduction in marrow NE, CG, and MMP-9 levels, and a coincident increase in peripheral blood PMNs but decrease in marrow PMNs compared to G-CSF. Synergistic mobilization is completely blocked by anti-MMP-9 but not MeOSuc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-CMK and absent in MMP-9-deficient or PMN-depleted mice. Our results indicate that PMNs are a common target for G-CSF and GRObeta/GRObetaT-mediated PBSC mobilization and, importantly, that synergistic mobilization by G-CSF plus GRObeta/GRObetaT is mediated by PMN-derived plasma MMP-9.     

Using the cardiac depression scale in men recovering from coronary artery bypass surgery

Aims. To examine the utility and validate the use of the Cardiac Depression Scale in patients who had first‐time coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Background. The Beck Depression Inventory, though frequently used, may not be sufficiently sensitive for use in cardiac patients. The Cardiac Depression Scale has been shown to identify the range of depression in medical cardiac patients. Design. Survey. Methods. The Beck Depression Inventory and Cardiac Depression Scale were administered to 120 men at hospital discharge, as well as six, 12 and 36 weeks postoperatively. Cronbach’s α scores were calculated for the measures at each point. Changes in scores over time were analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Associations between the measures scores were calculated using Pearson product–moment correlations. Agreement between the measures’ dichotomised scores (depression/no depression) was examined using Cohen’s Kappa statistic. Results. Internal consistency was similar for the Beck Depression Inventory (0·793–0·904) and Cardiac Depression Scale (0·859–0·910). Depression scores decreased over time with the Beck Depression Inventory [F(2·50, 175·29) = 22·27, p < 0·001] and Cardiac Depression Scale [F(2·68, 190·37) = 13·18, p < 0·001]. The measures had similar power [Cohen’s f = 0·65 (Beck Depression Inventory) and 0·43 (Cardiac Depression Scale)] to reveal changes over time. The continuous scores were highly correlated at each point [0·737 (p < 0·001)–0·819 (p < 0·001)]. However, when dichotomised scores were compared, the chance corrected level of agreement was less impressive [0·198 (p = 0·014)–0·381 (p < 0·001)]. Conclusions. The Cardiac Depression Scale may have utility for use with surgical cardiac patients. However, continued examination of this measure of depression is warranted. Relevance to clinical practice. Given the prevalence of depression and its negative impact on coronary artery disease, it is important to identify even mild depression in cardiac patients. Using a measure of depression specifically for cardiac patients, rather than a generic measure, may best accomplish this goal.