Bilateral Choroidal Occlusion in Antiphospholipid Syndrome Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

This article reports a rare case of bilateral choroidal occlusion that occurred in a 24-year-old woman with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This young lady concurred with aorta ventralis thrombosis and bilateral iliac artery occlusion when presented, and experienced a rapid deterioration of vision. She also has a history of recurrent miscarriage. Corticosteroid, immunosuppression and anticoagulation therapy were administered. Patients with APS associated with SLE are at risk for thrombotic phenomena, which may affect the ocular vessels of all sizes, including choroidal vessel. Our case alerts ophthalmologists and rheumatologists that bilateral choroidal occlusion may indeed be developed in patients with APS associated with SLE, and is a potential cause of visual morbidity.     

Outpatient Mastectomy and Breast Reconstructive Surgery

Background In the United States, post-mastectomy breast reconstruction is a state (all 51 jurisdictions) and federally mandated benefit. Outpatient mastectomy, which could lower use of breast reconstruction, may raise concerns about whether patients receive adequate post-mastectomy care. Methods Using linked surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER)–Medicare data, we identified Medicare fee-for-service women aged 65–69 years, diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer, and receiving unilateral mastectomy from 1998–2002. The corresponding surgery delivery settings were determined from claims data. The outcome of interest was reconstruction within 4 months of diagnosis. We used multivariable logistic regression models to examine the association of outpatient mastectomy with the likelihood of post-mastectomy reconstruction, controlling for patient’s characteristics. Results Among the 3,419 patients in the sample, 717 (21%) patients received outpatient mastectomy. The proportions of patients receiving reconstruction were 13% for inpatient mastectomy patients and 4% for outpatient mastectomy patients. Outpatient mastectomy patients were younger and had less comorbidities than inpatient mastectomy patients. Multivariable regression analysis suggested that outpatient mastectomy patients were less likely to receive reconstruction (odds ratio = 0.247; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.166–0.368). Additional analysis suggests that African American patients were less likely than white patients to undergo reconstruction (odds ratio = 0.515; 95% CI: 0.293–0.906) and that this ethnic difference was more manifest among patients undergoing inpatient mastectomies. Conclusions This study shows that outpatient mastectomy was associated with lower use of breast reconstruction. A better understanding of choice of delivery setting of mastectomy with a focus on younger and minority breast cancer patients should be explored in future research.     

不同镇痛方法对胆囊切除术病人糖代谢和康复的影响

目的　观察比较多途径和单一方式镇痛方法对胆囊切除手术病人糖代谢和术后康复的影响。方法　 40例择期在硬膜外阻滞下行胆囊切除术的病人 ,随机分为多途径组 1(M1)、多途径组 2 (M2 )、对照组 1(C1)和对照组 2 (C2 )。C1组于术前从硬膜外腔给予吗啡 1mg +新斯的明 1mg。C2 组术后仅肌注哌替啶镇痛。M1和M2 组在C1基础上于术前至术后 2天口服双氯芬酸 ,M2 组于术毕在切口处采用 0 5 %布比卡因喷洒。结果　M1和M2 组血糖 (Glu)变化平稳。C1组血糖于术后第 1天上升 (P <0 0 5 ) ,C2 组血糖值则从术中至术后第 3天均明显上升 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。术后第 1天 ,四组胰岛素 (Ins)水平均明显上升 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。C1和C2 组胰岛素上升幅度明显高于M1和M2 组 (P <0 0 5 )。至术后第 3天 ,M1和M2 组胰岛素水平均恢复至正常水平 (P >0 0 5 ) ,而C1和C2 组胰岛素值仍高于麻醉前值 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。血浆皮质醇 (Cor)浓度均于术中 6 0分钟时明显上升 (P <0 0 1) ,与M1和M2 组相比 ,升高幅度以C1和C2 组显著 (P <0 0 5 )。IL 6水平在各组未见显著性改变 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　多途径镇痛方法对术后糖代谢和康复的影响小于单一途径镇痛术     

Effect of GABA on sperm acrosome reation in antisperm antibody positive patients

To investigate the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the rate of sperm acrosome reaction both in normal and antisperm antibody (AsAb) positive men. Methods: The sperm acrosome reaction was tested with triplestain technique in two groups of 18 men each. Results: (1) GABA increased the rate of sperm acrosome reaction both in normal and AsAb positive subjects (P<0.01); (2) GABA increased the Na~ -K~ -ATPase activity of sperm (P<0.01); (3)GABA increased the Ca~(2 )-ATPase activity of sperm (P<0.05); (4) GABA decreased the production of MDA and oxygen free radicals of sperm. Conclusion: GABA could regulate the rate of sperm acrosome reaction. (Chin J Andro12002; 16: 355)     

季节性面部接触性皮炎患者血清总IgE、特异性IgE及其皮肤划痕试验的相互关系

采用ＩＲＭＡ对季节性面部接触性皮炎患者进行血清总ＩｇＥ测定，同时用南京地区常见致敏花粉进行皮肤划痕试验及ＥＬＩＳＡ检测血清特异性ＩｇＥ。结果：血清总ＩｇＥ与特异性ＩｇＥ有明显相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）、符合率为７０．７％，血清总ＩｇＥ与皮肤划痕试验有明显相关（Ｐ＜０．００５）、符合率为７５．６％，皮肤划痕试验与血清特异。性ＩｇＥ有明显相关（Ｐ＜０．００５）、符合率为７５．６％。三者总符合率为６４．９％。     

Targeting NF-κB c-Rel in regulatory T cells to treat corneal transplantation rejection

The relevance of Tregs in the induction of tolerance against corneal allografts has been well established. Although it is well known that the conversion of Tregs into effector-like cells contributes to the loss of corneal immune privilege, the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. Using heterologous penetrating keratoplasty model, we found that Tregs from corneal allograft rejected mice (inflam-Tregs) exhibit impaired function and characteristics of effector T cells. Further study showed that the expression of NF-κB c-Rel, a key mediator of effector T cell function, was significantly increased in inflam-Tregs. Mechanistic study revealed that elevated NF-κB c-Rel level in inflam-Tregs impaired Treg function through the promotion of inflammatory cytokine production and glycolysis. More importantly, we demonstrated that targeting NF-κB c-Rel was able to improve the immune suppressive function of inflam-Tregs in vitro and enhance the potential of them to suppress corneal transplantation rejection. Therefore, our current study identified NF-κB c-Rel as a key mediator of the conversion of Tregs into effector-like cells when under inflammatory environment.     

安达美在不同溶液中的稳定性研究

目的探讨安达美在不同浓度葡萄糖注射液及不同种类氨基酸注射液中的稳定性。方法分别测定10%葡萄糖注射液、5%葡萄糖注射液、3种氨基酸注射液的pH值,再分别测定安达美加入以上注射液中的pH值及变色现象,同时观察在上述溶液中添加安达美与电解质的先后顺序不同其pH值及变色情况。结果 10%葡萄糖注射液pH值平均3.46,5%葡萄糖注射液平均4.53;安达美加入葡萄糖注射液后溶液变色,pH值下降明显。3种氨基酸的平均pH值分别为5.50、6.70、6.61;安达美加入氨基酸注射液不变色,pH值变化较小。在氨基酸注射液中添加安达美与电解质的先后顺序不同未见明显颜色改变。结论安达美最好加入氨基酸注射液中,以避免其理化性质发生改变,保证配制后营养液的稳定性。     

雷米芬太尼控制性降压对颅脑手术患者血液动力学的影响

目的观察神经外科手术中雷米芬太尼控制性降压对血液动力学的影响。方法20例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期行颅脑手术患者,采用全凭静脉复合麻醉,术中持续泵注雷米芬太尼行控制性降压,维持MAP 60~70 mmHg,观察降压前(T0)、降压达目标时(T1)、维持降压15 min(T2)、30 min(T3)、停降压15 min(T4)3、0 min(T5)6个时点的MAP、HR、心输出量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)、心室收缩加速度指数(ACI)、左心做功(LCW)、外周血管阻力(SVR)的变化。结果与T0比较,T1、T2、T3时点MAP、SVR、LCW均显著降低(P<0.01);HR亦明显减慢(P<0.05);CO、CI、ACI无明显降低。结论神经外科手术中行雷米芬太尼控制性降压安全、有效,具有对心功能影响小的优点。     

印象管理策略及其在护患沟通中的应用

患者对护理人员的看法直接影响到护患沟通的有效性.实施印象管理策略可对护患的有效沟通提供帮助,护理人员的印象管理策略有两种,一种是获得患者积极看待,包括完善自己、表现耐心和爱心、学会自我控制、自我展示、构建权威形象;一种避免患者消极看待,包括合理化理由、预告风险、承认错误,赔礼道歉.护理人员将印象管理策略运用于护患沟通中有助于改善护患关系,有助于使患者产生期望的行为模式,提高患者的依从性和满意度.     

Study of drug control over postoperative hemorrhage after selective caesarean section

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of carbetocin and oxytocin in the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage after selective caesarean section. Methods: Two hundred and sixteen pregnant women who were going to deliver by caesarean section were randomly divided into two paralleled and controlled groups, of which the oxytocin group(group A) contained 105 women and the carbetocin group(group B) 111 women. 20 IU of oxytocin was administrated during operation for both groups, 10 IU directly into uterus and 10 IU intravenously. When the operation was over, 20 IU of oxytocin was dripped for group A lasting for 8 hours, while for group B 100μg of carbetocin was immediately injected intravenously for 1 minute. Blood loss as well as hemoglobin alteration was measured for the comparison of the effect of the two drugs. Blood biochemical indicators were introduced for the evaluation of the safety of carbetocin including the function of liver and kidney and the fasting glucose.Results: No significant difference was revealed between the two groups concerning the postpartum hemorrhage within 24 hours, the postpartum hemorrhage incidence and the changes of hemoglobin. There was no significant difference in the change of liver and kidney function, fasting glucose and electrolyte changes as well.Conclusions: Carbetocin has a similar effect and safety of oxytocin in controlling the blood loss of selective caesarean section.