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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a very common occurrence in childhood, and can lead to devastating long term consequences. Recent research has focused on the potential endocrine consequences of TBI in adults. The research in children is less robust. This paper reviews current literature regarding TBI and possible hypothalamic and pituitary deficiencies in childhood. Acute endocrine changes are commonly found after TBI in pediatric patients, which can include changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and antidiuretic hormone production and release. In the long term, both temporary and permanent alterations in pituitary function have been found. About 30% of children have hypopituitarism up to 5 years after injury. Growth hormone deficiency and disturbances in puberty are the most common, but children can also experience ACTH deficiency, diabetes insipidus, central hypothyroidism, and elevated prolactin. Every hormonal axis can be affected after TBI in children, although growth hormone deficiency and alterations in puberty are the most common. Because transient and permanent hypopituitarism is common after TBI, survivors should be screened serially for possible endocrine disturbances. These children should undergo routine surveillance at least 1 year after injury to ensure early detection of deficiencies in hormonal production in order to permit normal growth and development. 相似文献
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Yon BA Johnson RK Harvey-Berino J Gold BC Howard AB 《Journal of behavioral medicine》2007,30(2):165-175
Dietary self-monitoring is considered the core of behavioral weight control programs. As software for personal digital assistants
(PDA) has become more available, this study investigated whether the use of a PDA would improve dietary self-monitoring frequency
and subsequent weight loss over the use of traditional paper diaries. One-hundred-seventy-six adults (BMI 25–39.9) participated
in a 6-month behavioral weight control program. Treatment subjects (n = 61) were provided with a PalmZire 21 with Calorie King’s Diet Diary software installed. Their self-monitoring habits and
weight loss were compared with the results from a previous program (n = 115) which followed the same protocol using paper diaries for self-monitoring. No significant differences in weight loss
or dietary self-monitoring were found. More frequent self-monitoring correlated with weight loss in both groups (p<.001). People seeking to lose weight should be encouraged to self-monitor and be matched with a mode of self-monitoring that
is fitting to their lifestyle and skills. 相似文献
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Amira Osman Nihaya Daoud James F. Thrasher Bethany A. Bell Katrina M. Walsemann 《Journal of immigrant and minority health / Center for Minority Public Health》2018,20(5):1094-1102
We examined the relationship between two forms of ethnic discrimination—interpersonal and institutional—and smoking outcomes among Arab men in Israel, and whether social support buffered these associations. We used cross-sectional data of adult Arab men, current or former smokers (n?=?954). Mixed-effects regression models estimated the association between discrimination and smoking status, and nicotine dependence among current smokers. Interpersonal discrimination was associated with higher likelihood of being a current smoker compared to a former smoker, whereas institutional group discrimination was not. Social support moderated the ethnic discrimination-nicotine dependence link. Among men with low social support, greater interpersonal discrimination was associated with greater nicotine dependence. Similarly, among smokers with high institutional group discrimination, those with high social support reported lower nicotine dependence compared to those with low social support. Ethnic discrimination should be considered in efforts to improve smoking outcomes among Arab male smokers in Israel. 相似文献
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Yulia Vaisbourd Mourad Dahhou Xun Zhang Ruth Sapir-Pichhadze Heloise Cardinal Olwyn Johnston Tom D. Blydt-Hansen Lee Anne Tibbles Lorraine Hamiwka Simon Urschel Patricia Birk Janice Bissonnette Mina Matsuda-Abedini Jennifer Harrison BScPhm Jeffrey Schiff Veronique Phan Sabina De Geest Upton Allen Yaron Avitzur Seema Mital Bethany J. Foster 《Pediatric transplantation》2023,27(2):e14446
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