Glycemic, insulinemic index, glycemic load of soy beverage with low and high content of carbohydrates

Consumption of soy has increased in Western countries due to the benefits on health and the attitude of the people to consume natural products as alternative to the use of pharmacological therapies. However, there is no evidence whether the consumption of 25 g of soy protein as recommended by the Food and Drug Administration has some effect on glucose absorption and consequently on insulin secretion. The aim of the present study was to determine glycemic index (GI), insulinemic index (InIn), and glycemic load (GL) of several soy beverages containing low or high concentration of carbohydrates, and compare them with other foods such as peanuts, whole milk, soluble fiber and a mixed meal on GI and InIn. The results showed that soy beverages had low or moderate GI, depending of the presence of other compounds like carbohydrates and fiber. Consumption of soy beverages with low concentration of carbohydrates produced the lowest insulin secretion. Therefore, these products can be recommended in obese and diabetic patients. Finally soy beverages should contain low maltodextrins concentration and be added of soluble fiber.     

Rapid presumptive identification of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in faecal smears by means of fluorescent antibody: 2. Use of various types of swabs for collection and preservation of faecal specimens

Faecal specimens that cannot be cultured immediately for enteric pathogens are usually collected in buffered glycerol-saline solution for preservation and transport to the laboratory. Specimens collected in this way are not suitable for fluorescent antibody studies since the glycerol prevents fixation of faecal smears. Transport of specimens frozen with solid carbon dioxide is a satisfactory but expensive method of preservation. The purpose of the study reported in this paper was to explore the possibility of using various types of swabs for preserving and transporting faecal specimens to be examined for enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Both cotton and Dacron fibres were used and freezing and desiccation were investigated as methods of preservation. The results showed that freezing of faecal swabs was contra-indicated, whereas drying at room temperature enhanced the recovery of enteropathogenic E. coli. Cotton and Dacron swabs gave equivalent results regardless of whether the organisms were detected by culture or by immunofluorescence.     

Design and synthesis of tri-ring P3 benzamide-containing aminonitriles as potent, selective, orally effective inhibitors of cathepsin K

We have prepared a series of achiral aminoacetonitriles, bearing tri-ring benzamide moieties and an aminocyclohexanecarboxylate residue at P2. This combination of binding elements resulted in sub-250 pM, reversible, selective, and orally bioavailable cathepsin K inhibitors. Lead compounds displayed single digit nanomolar inhibition in vitro (of rabbit osteoclast-mediated degradation of bovine bone). The best compound in this series, 39n (CRA-013783/L-006235), was orally bioavailable in rats, with a terminal half-life of over 3 h. 39n was dosed orally in ovariectomized rhesus monkeys once per day for 7 days. Collagen breakdown products were reduced by up to 76% dose-dependently. Plasma concentrations of 39n above the bone resorption IC50 after 24 h indicated a correlation between functional cellular and in vivo assays. Inhibition of collagen breakdown by cathepsin K inhibitors suggests this mechanism of action may be useful in osteoporosis and other indications involving bone resorption.