肾实质癌59例临床组织病理学分析

0引言肾实质癌通常来源于肾小管上皮细胞的腺癌,透明细胞癌占85%,其余为颗粒细胞癌及混合细胞癌,常伴有出血、坏死、囊变和钙化[1-3].我们分析手术根治的肾实质癌组织病理情况并讨论临床意义.     

Neonatal cholestasis and hypopituitarism

The diagnosis of optic nerve hypoplasia and hypopituitarism must be entertained in infants who present for evaluation of cholestatic jaundice, particularly if there is associated hypoglycaemia and wandering nystagmus. Although the hepatic dysfunction seems to resolve, the long term prognosis of liver disease in optic nerve hypoplasia remains unknown.     

Production of proliferation inhibitors by mature granulocytes

Summary The aim of the experiments was to find ways of increasing the yield of small molecular weight inhibitors of cell proliferation released by granulocytes.Almost pure populations of granulocytes from pig or human blood, or from sterile inflammatory exudates in rats were treated in various ways and then spun down. Molecules below 10000 dalton (Diaflo ultrafiltration or Sephadex G 25 filtration) in the supernatants were tested for inhibitory activity by measuring ³H-thymidine incorporation in 5 to 6-h coverslip cultures of rat bone marrow cells.The different granulocyte treatments were: Freeze-thawing, sonication, incubation (at +4°–37°C) in hypotonic media (0–200 mosm/kg), storage in vitro overnight (at +4°C) before incubation, incubation at 37°C in complete and buffered tissue culture medium (Fischer's with 10 mmol/l HEPES), incubation in saline only (2-h periods, 70×10⁶ cells/ml), or with lidocaine added, with Ca⁺⁺ and the Ca⁺⁺ ionophore A-23187, with K⁺ and the K⁺ ionophore Valinomycin, with a high K⁺ concentration (50 mmol/l), with arachidonic acid, with a cAMP analogue, or with a protease inhibitor added during or at the end of the incubation.On a per cell basis rat peritonitis granulocytes released more inhibitor than pig blood granulocytes, whereas human blood granulocytes were not detectably inhibitory at all. Arachidonic acid was the most promising agent tested to increase inhibitor release above that occurring spontaneously from granulocytes incubated in saline.     

可溶性抗HAV抗体Fab片段的原核表达

0　引言　甲型肝炎病毒 (HAV)是危害人类健康的致病原之一 ,目前已有多种用于接触前预防的甲肝疫苗 ;但对于接触后预防或短期到 HAV高流行区的旅游者的预防 ,则多采用免疫球蛋白作被动免疫 .在接触后 (14d内 )和潜伏期早期 ,注射免疫球蛋白预防甲肝的有效率达 85 %左右 .血源性免疫球蛋白虽然效价高 ,应用效果好 ,但可能被血源病原体污染 .因此基因工程人源抗体有望成为接触后预防的首选制剂 .我们从人源噬菌体抗体组合文库中筛选到一株甲肝特异性抗体 [1 ] ,在此基础上构建了可溶性表达载体 ,并获得可溶性表达 ,为该抗体的进一步研究打…     

BMP2,4 mRNA在BALB/c系小鼠颅面部发育中的定位表达

0　引言　骨形成蛋白 (Bone morphogenetic Proteins,BMPs)属于 TGF- β超家族 ,最初从牛的脱矿骨骨基质提取出来 ,在活体内可诱导异位成骨 .但近年来的研究表明 ,BMPs还是生长和发育中的调控分子 .为了探讨 BMPs在颅面部发育过程中的表达、区域及变化 ,为进一步研究颅面部畸形 (如腭裂、唇裂、牙齿发育畸形等 )的发生机制打下基础 ,作者检测了BMP2 ,4在颅面部各组织正常发育中的表达模式 .1　材料和方法1.1　材料　 BAL B/ c近交系孕鼠在妊娠期第 14,15 ,16日分别被脱椎处死 ,取胎鼠头部固定于 40 g· L- 1多聚甲醛 ,常规脱水包埋…     

Spontaneous alloreactivity of natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells from athymic rats against normal haemic cells. NK cells stimulate syngeneic but inhibit allogeneic haemopoiesis.

We wanted to re-examine the hypotheses that natural killer (NK) cells preferentially react with immature cells, and that they are not directed against major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene products. Rat marrow cells could be separated according to maturity on a four-step discontinuous density gradient of Percoll. Almost all the immature bone marrow cells with progenitor activity, as measured in vivo in a diffusion chamber assay or in vitro in a granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming assay, resided within the lighter density cell fraction (density approximately 1.065). The higher density cells (density approximately 1.082) contained mainly the more mature, non-proliferative cells within the granulocyte series. NK and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells from athymic rats, being devoid of T cells, efficiently killed low- as well as high-density bone marrow cells from a fully allogeneic and a MHC congenic rat strain, while little or no killing was observed against syngeneic bone marrow cell fractions. LAK cells also effectively inhibited granulocyte/macrophage colony formation from allogeneic bone marrow precursors in vitro, while stimulating colony formation from syngeneic bone marrow cells. The NK-mediated killing of allogeneic bone marrow cells was effectively inhibited by NK-sensitive tumour cells, while there was much less inhibition of the killing of tumour cells by allogeneic bone marrow cells. We conclude that NK cells recognize MHC incompatibilities on both immature and mature allogeneic bone marrow cells through recognition systems not related to T-cell receptors, and that allospecific killing can explain the contrasting effect of NK cells on allogeneic and syngeneic haematopoiesis.     

The role of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in intraperitoneal adhesion formation

Abdomino-pelvic adhesions arise from infection, endometriosis, or peritoneal injury during surgery, and represent a significant source of morbidity in women of reproductive age. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) plays a role in the chemotaxis of mononuclear cells and fibroblasts in a murine wound repair model. To evaluate the role of MCP- 1 in intraperitoneal adhesion formation, we investigated peritoneal fluid MCP-1 levels of women undergoing laparoscopy. Patients without endometriosis were divided into two groups: normal fertile women undergoing bilateral tubal ligation without intraperitoneal adhesions (n=14) and women with pelvic adhesions (n=8). Patients with endometriosis were arranged into two groups: women with (n=17) and without (n=17) adhesions. Peritoneal fluid MCP-1 levels were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Peritoneal biopsy samples were immunostained for the detection of MCP-1 protein and macrophages, and were also processed for the presence of MCP-1 mRNA expression. Among women without endometriosis, the median peritoneal fluid MCP-1 level was 144 pg/ml (range 54-261) in women without adhesions and was 336 pg/ml (range 130-2494) in women with adhesions (P=0.01). There was a significant correlation between adhesion scores and MCP-1 levels (r=0.50; P=0.018). Among women with endometriosis, peritoneal fluid MCP-1 levels significantly correlated with the stage of the disease. The presence or absence of adhesions did not significantly affect the peritoneal fluid MCP-1 levels in this group of women. In summary, we have found that women with adhesions have elevated peritoneal fluid MCP-1 levels. However, we were not able to show an incremental effect of adhesions on peritoneal fluid MCP-1 levels of patients with endometriosis. Thus, we conclude that factors besides the intraperitoneal adhesions contribute to the elevated peritoneal fluid MCP-1 levels in patients with endometriosis.      

进展期胃癌合并幽门梗阻内镜治疗103例

目的:探讨进展期胃癌合并幽门梗阻内镜治疗的方法及其疗效.方法:103例进展期胃癌合并幽门梗阻患者,按就诊顺序随机分为4组进行内镜下治疗.A组内镜下局部注射化疗药物;B组内镜下微波消融治疗;C组内镜下微波消融治疗加局部注射化疗药物;D组内镜下微波消融治疗加局部注射化疗药物后4wk放置金属内支架.另选择同期拒绝任何治疗的患者25例作为对照组.结果:D组内镜治疗的显效率为84.62%,较B、C两组的33.33%和44.44%明显提高(P<0.01);同时,D组内镜治疗后半年,幽门再梗阻发生率为38.46%,显著低于A、B、C三组的88.46%、79.17%、59.26%(P<0.01).D组患者半年,或1a的生存率明显提高,中位生存期达9.37mo,其生存情况好于其他各组患者结论:内镜下微波消融加局部注射化疗药物,并放置金属内支架是一种治疗进展期胃癌合并幽门梗阻积极的姑息疗法,能明显提高患者的生存质量,延长其生存时间.     

Maturation rate of mouse neutrophilic granulocytes: acceleration by retardation of proliferation, but no detectable influence from G-CSF or stromal cells.

Our purpose was to examine the possible influence of stromal and humoral mediators on granulocytic maturation rates. Sorted immature murine progenitor (Lin-Sca-1+) cells were cultured in peritoneal diffusion chambers (DCs) with or without a confluent layer of irradiated bone marrow stromal cells on one of the micropore membrane walls. In other experiments, 10 microg/kg/d recombinant G-CSF (rhG-CSF) was administered continuously into DC host mice through s.c. implanted osmotic minipumps. Operationally, maturation rate was assessed as the ratio between the number of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and proliferative granulocytes (PG) in short-term cultures, based on the differential cell counts, and supported by flow cytometric measurement of a granulocytic differentiation marker; and by the emergence time of PMN in the DCs, obtained by extrapolation. Also, increased maturation is associated with increased cell density, as reflected by the positioning of the granulocytes during centrifugation in a discontinuous Percoll gradient. This method, as well as the conversion rate of 3H-thymidine labeled PG into the heavier non-PG maturational stages, were also used as indicators of maturation rate. After five, six, and seven days of culture in the peritoneal cavity, DC cells were harvested. Their proliferative status, based on measurement of incorporated bromodeoxyuridine, was determined, and their maturation rates were evaluated. Proliferation of immature granulocytic progenitor cells was apparently inhibited by direct contact with bone marrow stromal cells, and stimulated by G-CSF during the early stage of culturing. However, the subsequent maturation rate, which could be accelerated by increasing culture cellularity, thus decreasing PG proliferation rate, was not detectably influenced by either stromal cells or G-CSF.     

运用模糊聚类方法分析中药微量元素含量与药效的关系

目的:不同中药中各种微量元素的含量数据离散,从含量数据上很难说明不同药物的药物相似性,故运用模糊分类方法研究药物微量元素含量与药物疗效的关系,验证其在药物功效的相似性及不同种类中药定量指标评价方面的作用。方法:实验于2005-10/2006-11在吉林省中医药管理局中药微量元素分析实验室完成。用原子吸收分光光度法检测合欢花、黄芪、石菖蒲、远志、山楂、银杏叶、人参、元肉、蒲黄、酸枣仁、苏木11种中药中钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、铬、镍、锰、铜、锌元素的含量,结合锌/铜比值、镁/钙比值,以数据极差法进行统计指标的标准化处理,以数量积法算出衡量被分类对象之间的相关系数,确定论域上的模糊矩阵。结果:相关系数r=0.50时,合欢花,石菖蒲,远志,人参,元肉,蒲黄,酸枣仁7种药物聚类相似;相关系数r=0.65时,合欢花,石菖蒲,元肉,蒲黄,酸枣仁5种药物聚类相似;r=0.75时,合欢花,石菖蒲,蒲黄3种药物聚类相似。研究还发现:药物中金属元素含量丰富,而且相关系数较大的药物,其药物疗效相似。结论:运用数学与化学计量学方法建立模糊聚类分析模型,可以把离散的数据标准化处理,确定论域上的模糊矩阵可以研究不同药物间的药效相似性,可以对不同种类的中药进行定量指标的明确评价。