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71.
The varus knee has been defined as a Hip-Knee-Ankle alignment of less than 180 degrees. Varus knee alignment increases the load on the medial knee and also the risk of osteoarthritis. High tibial osteotomy has been designed to modify the malalignment of varus knee. The aim of this study was to investigate the osteotomy effects on knee adduction moment (KAM) and contact forces using a musculoskeletal and subject-specific knee model. A patient with varus knee and no symptoms of any other disease or disability participated in this study. The geometry of the multibody knee model has been modified using MR images. The solutions of its finite element model have been used to determine the parameters of the multibody model. The motion data, ground reaction force and kinetic data have been applied to run the subject-specific musculoskeletal model during the stance phase of gait. After osteotomy, the adduction moment decreased, where the maximum values are comparable to other studies. The pattern of KAM did not witness any significant changes. The total and medial contact forces reduced considerably after surgery, but the lateral contact force did not significantly change. The changes in total and medial contact forces and lack of change in lateral contact force could be explained by modification of the gait pattern after surgery. 相似文献
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Jae Min Cha Shilpa Sant Aditya Kashyap Amir F. Ahari Cheong Hoon Kwon Jason W. Nichol Sam Manoucheri Behnam Zamanian Yadong Wang Ali Khademhosseini 《Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine》2014,8(1):1-14
Micro‐ and nanotechnologies have emerged as potentially effective fabrication tools for addressing the challenges faced in tissue engineering and drug delivery. The ability to control and manipulate polymeric biomaterials at the micron and nanometre scale with these fabrication techniques has allowed for the creation of controlled cellular environments, engineering of functional tissues and development of better drug delivery systems. In tissue engineering, micro‐ and nanotechnologies have enabled the recapitulation of the micro‐ and nanoscale detail of the cell's environment through controlling the surface chemistry and topography of materials, generating 3D cellular scaffolds and regulating cell–cell interactions. Furthermore, these technologies have led to advances in high‐throughput screening (HTS), enabling rapid and efficient discovery of a library of materials and screening of drugs that induce cell‐specific responses. In drug delivery, controlling the size and geometry of drug carriers with micro‐ and nanotechnologies have allowed for the modulation of parametres such as bioavailability, pharmacodynamics and cell‐specific targeting. In this review, we introduce recent developments in micro‐ and nanoscale engineering of polymeric biomaterials, with an emphasis on lithographic techniques, and present an overview of their applications in tissue engineering, HTS and drug delivery. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
74.
Chaharlang BH Bakhtiari AR Yavari V 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2012,88(6):956-961
The levels of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in surface sediment, soft tissue and shell of the oyster Saccostrea cucullata collected from three locations, in the intertidal zones of Lengeh Port, northern part of Persian Gulf were measured. Results
indicated that there were a positive correlation across Zn (r = 0.58, p = 0.025), Cd (r = 0.74, p < 0.01) and Cu (r = 0.80, p < 0.01) levels in the soft tissue of oyster and sediment which supported this fact that the soft tissue of S. cucullata can be considered as biomonitoring agent for Cd, Zn and Cu in the Lengeh Port. 相似文献
75.
Objectives
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) accounts for 10% of congenital cardiac defects. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the short-term outcomes of surgical versus trans catheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect.Methods
This is a single-center retrospective cohort study in patients who had surgical or trans catheter ASD closure. ASD closure outcomes such as hospital cost, length of hospital and ICU stay, residual ASDs, complications, readmission, hospital and three month mortality were recorded and compared.Results
Between March 2010 and March 2016, total of 102 secundum ASD patients were treated in our center (71 patients surgical ASD closure and 31 patients trans catheter ASD closure). About 13.9% of patients (5/36) in the device group had failed procedural attempt for various reasons and these patients underwent surgery closure. Complete closure was observed in 26 of 31 patients (83.9%) in the device group and in 70 of 71 patients in the surgery group (98.6%). The mean length of hospital stay was 5.56?days for surgical group and 2.06?days for device group. The procedure cost for surgery was found to be 5.7% lower than trans catheter closure (patient payment). The complication rates were 18.3% for surgical group and 25.8% for the device group. Readmission after discharge was more common in surgery group (11.2 vs 6.4%). Hospital and three months mortality in both groups were zero.Conclusions
Both trans catheter and surgical procedure are good methods of successful ASD closure. Considering that the surgical group patients were higher risk patients, mean total hospital cost of patient's procedures were significantly higher in device closure group, failed intervention rate and residual ASD were more common in device group and complications of device group were more serious; thus, appropriate patient selection is an important factor for successful device closure. 相似文献76.
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Darakhshan F Badie C Moody J Coster M Finnon R Finnon P Edwards AA Szluinska M Skidmore CJ Yoshida K Ullrich R Cox R Bouffler SD 《Carcinogenesis》2006,27(2):311-318
The mapping of genes which affect individual cancer risk is an important but complex challenge. A surrogate assay of susceptibility to radiation-induced acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in the mouse based on chromosomal radiosensitivity has been developed and validated. This assay was applied to the mapping of radiation-induced AML risk modifier loci by association with microsatellite markers. A region on chromosome (chr) 18 with strong association is identified and confirmed by backcross analysis. Additional loci on chrs 8 and 13 show significant association. A key candidate gene Rbbp8 on chr18 is identified. Rbbp8 is shown to be upregulated in response to X-irradiation in the AML sensitive CBA strain but not AML resistant C57BL/6 strain. This study demonstrates the strength of utilizing surrogate endpoints of cancer susceptibility in the mapping of mouse loci and identifies additional loci that may affect radiation cancer risk. 相似文献
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Karimi M Mirzaei M Baghiani Moghadam B Fotouhi E Zare Mehrjardi A 《Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology》2011,10(2):123-127
Allergic diseases are frequent in children and their prevalence and severity differ in the different regions of the world. The association between pet ownership in childhood and subsequent asthma and sensitization is very controversial.In our survey conducted with standardized method (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood), 3200 children 6-7 years old were questioned regarding asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema. The prevalence of Attacks and shortness of breath with wheezing during last 12 months in the children who had exposure to pets in the first year of life was 34.3% 'that was less than children who had not exposure (OR=3.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-8.21, P=0.021). Also during the past 12 months the prevalence of night dry coughs, allergic rhinitis symptoms and eczema symptoms in those who had pet exposure in the first year of their life was lower than the children did not have it. However there was no significant difference in some other symptoms of asthma in two groups.Our findings suggest that pet exposure in the first year of life can have a protective effect on asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema. 相似文献