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61.
Janaica EJ Grispen Martine HP Ickenroth Nanne K de Vries Geert-Jan Dinant Gaby Ronda Trudy van der Weijden 《BMC public health》2010,10(1):453
Background
Self-tests are available to consumers for more than 25 conditions, ranging from infectious diseases to cardiovascular risk factors. Self-tests are defined as in-vitro tests on body materials such as blood, urine, faeces, or saliva that are initiated by consumers to diagnose a particular disorder or risk factor without involving a medical professional. In 2006, 16% of a sample of Dutch Internet users had ever used at least one self-test and 17% intended to use a self-test in the future. The objectives of this study are to determine (1) the frequency of self-test use, (2) the consumers' reasons for using or not using a self-test, (3) the information that is used by self-testers in the different self-test stages and the consumers' interpretation of the quality of this information, (4) the consumers' response to self-test results in terms of their confidence in the result, reassurance by the test result, and follow-up behaviour, (5) the information consumers report to need in the decision making process of using or not using a self-test, and in further management on the basis of the self-test result, and (6) the quality of the currently available consumer information on a selected set of self-tests. 相似文献62.
Ester Cerin Cindy HP Sit Man-chin Cheung Sai-yin Ho Lok-chun Janet Lee Wai-man Chan 《The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity》2010,7(1):1-14
Background
The effects of the built environment on walking in seniors have not been studied in an Asian context. To examine these effects, valid and reliable measures are needed. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire of perceived neighborhood characteristics related to walking appropriate for Chinese seniors (Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Chinese Seniors, NEWS-CS). It was based on the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale - Abbreviated (NEWS-A), a validated measure of perceived built environment developed in the USA for adults. A secondary study aim was to establish the generalizability of the NEWS-A to an Asian high-density urban context and a different age group.Methods
A multidisciplinary panel of experts adapted the original NEWS-A to reflect the built environment of Hong Kong and needs of seniors. The translated instrument was pre-tested on a sample of 50 Chinese-speaking senior residents (65+ years). The final version of the NEWS-CS was interviewer-administered to 484 seniors residing in four selected Hong Kong districts varying in walkability and socio-economic status. Ninety-two participants completed the questionnaire on two separate occasions, 2-3 weeks apart. Test-rest reliability indices were estimated for each item and subscale of the NEWS-CS. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to develop the measurement model of the NEWS-CS and cross-validate that of the NEWS-A.Results
The final version of the NEWS-CS consisted of 14 subscales and four single items (76 items). Test-retest reliability was moderate to good (ICC > 50 or % agreement > 60) except for four items measuring distance to destinations. The originally-proposed measurement models of the NEWS-A and NEWS-CS required 2-3 theoretically-justifiable modifications to fit the data well.Conclusions
The NEWS-CS possesses sufficient levels of reliability and factorial validity to be used for measuring perceived neighborhood environment in Chinese seniors. Further work is needed to assess its construct validity and generalizability to other Asian locations. In general, the measurement model of the original NEWS-A was generalizable to this study context, supporting the feasibility of cross-country and age-group comparisons of the effect of the neighborhood environment on walking using the NEWS-A as a tool to measure the perceived built environment. 相似文献63.
Man Fai Law Rita Ho Carmen KM Cheung Lydia HP Tam Karen Ma Kent CY So Bonaventure Ip Jacqueline So Jennifer Lai Joyce Ng Tommy HC Tam 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2016,22(28):6484-6500
Hepatitis due to hepatitis B virus(HBV) reactivation can be severe and potentially fatal, but is preventable. HBV reactivation is most commonly reported in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy, especially rituximabcontaining therapy for hematological malignancies and those receiving stem cell transplantation. All patients with hematological malignancies receiving anticancer therapy should be screened for active or resolved HBV infection by blood tests for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen(antiHBc). Patients found to be positive for HBs Ag should be given prophylactic antiviral therapy to prevent HBV reactivation. For patients with resolved HBV infection, no standard strategy has yet been established to prevent HBV reactivation. There are usually two options. One is pre-emptive therapy guided by serial HBV DNA monitoring, whereby antiviral therapy is given as soon as HBV DNA becomes detectable. However, there is little evidence regarding the optimal interval and period of monitoring. An alternative approach is prophylactic antiviral therapy, especially for patients receiving highrisk therapy such as rituximab, newer generation of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, obinutuzumab or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This strategy may effectively prevent HBV reactivation and avoid the inconvenience of repeated HBV DNA monitoring. Entecavir or tenofovir are preferred over lamivudine as prophylactic therapy. Although there is no well-defined guideline on the optimal duration of prophylactic therapy, there is growing evidence to recommend continuing prophylactic antiviral therapy for at least 12 mo after cessation of chemotherapy, and even longer for those who receive rituximab or who had high serum HBV DNA levels before the start of immunosuppressive therapy. Many novel agents have recently become available for the treatment of hematological malignancies, and these agents may be associated with HBV reactivation. Although there is currently limited evidence to guide the optimal preventive measures, we recommend antiviral prophylaxis in HBs Ag-positive patients receiving novel treatments, especially the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors, which are B-cell receptor signaling modulators and reduce proliferation of malignant B-cells. Further studies are needed to clarify the risk of HBV reactivation with these agents and the best prophylactic strategy in the era of targeted therapy for hematological malignancies. 相似文献
64.
Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone gp96 in macrophages is essential for protective immunity during Gram‐negative pneumonia 下载免费PDF全文
Adam A Anas Alex F de Vos Arie J Hoogendijk Miriam HP van Lieshout Jeroen WJ van Heijst Sandrine Florquin Zihai Li Cornelis van 't Veer Tom van der Poll 《The Journal of pathology》2016,238(1):74-84
Klebsiella pneumoniae is among the most common Gram‐negative bacteria that cause pneumonia. Gp96 is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone that is essential for the trafficking and function of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and integrins. To determine the role of gp96 in myeloid cells in host defence during Klebsiella pneumonia, mice homozygous for the conditional Hsp90b1 allele encoding gp96 were crossed with mice expressing Cre‐recombinase under control of the LysM promoter to generate LysMcre‐Hsp90b1‐flox mice. LysMcre‐Hsp90b1‐flox mice showed absence of gp96 protein in macrophages and partial depletion in monocytes and granulocytes. This was accompanied by almost complete absence of TLR2 and TLR4 on macrophages. Likewise, integrin subunits CD11b and CD18 were not detectable on macrophages, while being only slightly reduced on monocytes and granulocytes. Gp96‐deficient macrophages did not release pro‐inflammatory cytokines in response to Klebsiella and displayed reduced phagocytic capacity independent of CD18. LysMcre‐Hsp90b1‐flox mice were highly vulnerable to lower airway infection induced by K. pneumoniae, as reflected by enhanced bacterial growth and a higher mortality rate. The early inflammatory response in Hsp90b1‐flox mice was characterized by strongly impaired recruitment of granulocytes into the lungs, accompanied by attenuated production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, while the inflammatory response during late‐stage pneumonia was not dependent on the presence of gp96. Blocking CD18 did not reproduce the impaired host defence of LysMcre‐Hsp90b1‐flox mice during Klebsiella pneumonia. These data indicate that macrophage gp96 is essential for protective immunity during Gram‐negative pneumonia by regulating TLR expression. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
65.
66.
Takeuchi S; Bartram CR; Miller CW; Reiter A; Seriu T; Zimmerann M; Schrappe M; Mori N; Slater J; Miyoshi I; Koeffler HP 《Blood》1996,87(8):3368-3374
Cytogenetic analysis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) of childhood identified nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities of the short arm of chromosome 12. The alterations include deletions that are thought to be indicative of the presence of a tumor suppressor gene that is mutated on the remaining allele. To refine further the chromosomal localization of this gene, we analyzed the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 12 in 100 primary ALL samples using 22 polymorphic markers and identified two distinct smallest common deleted regions on chromosome 12p13. One region is flanked by D12S77 and D12S98 and has a size of 4 cM. Twenty-six percent of informative patients showed LOH in this region. This region may contain the TEL gene. The other region is flanked by D12S269 and D12S308 including the KIP1 gene. Forty-four percent of informative patients showed LOH in this second region. Mutational analysis of KIP1 using polymerase chain reaction-single- strand conformation polymorphism analysis and Southern blot analysis showed no homozygous deletions and point mutations suggesting that the altered gene in this second region is not the KIP1. Clinical data showed that LOH of 12p was demonstrated more frequently in precursor-B ALLs (32 of 80; 40%) than in T-ALLs (1 of 20; 5%) (P = .0027). Furthermore, patients with 12p LOH were younger (P = .013), with a lower DNA index (P = .046), but they had the same survival rates at 3 years. In summary, these data suggest that two different tumor suppressor genes are on chromosome arm 12p, which act separately in the development of childhood precursor-B ALLs. One of the tumor suppressor genes is in the region the KIP1 gene, but our data suggest this gene is not abnormal. The other target is in the region of the TEL gene; and this candidate deserves further study. 相似文献
67.
Christophe K. Mannaerts Amir Kajtazovic Olivia A.P. Lodeizen Maudy Gayet Marc R.W. Engelbrecht Gerrit J. Jager Hessel Wijkstra Theo M. de Reijke Harrie P. Beerlage 《Urologic oncology》2019,37(5):298.e1-298.e9
Purpose
Incorporation of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and targeted biopsy (TBx) in the diagnostic pathway for prostate cancer (CaP) is rapidly becoming common practice. In men with a prebiopsy positive mpMRI a TBx only approach, thereby omitting transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic biopsy (SBx), has been postulated. In this study we evaluated the additional clinical relevance of SBx in men with a positive prebiopsy mpMRI (Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System [PI-RADS] ≥ 3) undergoing TBx for CaP detection, Gleason grading and CaP localization.Material and methods
Prospective data of 255 consecutive men with a prebiopsy positive mpMRI (PI-RADS ≥?3) undergoing 12-core SBx and subsequent MRI-transrectal ultrasound fusion TBx in 2 institutions between 2015 and 2018 was obtained. The detection rate for significant CaP (Gleason score [GS] ≥ 3?+?4) for TBx and SBx were compared. The rate of potentially missed significant CaP by a TBx only approach was determined and GS concordance and CaP localization by TBx and SBx was evaluated.Results
TBx yielded significant CaP in 113 men (44%) while SBx yielded significant CaP in 110 men (43%) (P = 0.856). Insignificant CaP was found in 21 men (8%) by TBx, while SBx detected 34 men (13%) with insignificant CaP (P = 0.035). A TBx only approach, omitting SBx, would have missed significant CaP in 13 of the 126 men (10%) with significant CaP on biopsy. Ten of the 118 men (8%), both positive on TBx and SBx, were upgraded in GS by SBx while 11 men (9%) had higher maximum tumor core involvement on SBx. Nineteen of the 97 men (20%) with significant CaP in both TBx and SBx were diagnosed with unilateral significant CaP on mpMRI and TBx while SBx demonstrated bilateral significant CaP.Conclusions
In men with a prebiopsy positive mpMRI, TBx detects high-GS CaP while reducing insignificant CaP detection as compared to SBx. SBx and TBx as stand-alone missed significant CaP in 13% and 10% of the men with significant CaP on biopsy, respectively. A combination of SBx and TBx remains necessary for the most accurate assessment of detection, grading, tumor core involvement, and localization of CaP. 相似文献68.
69.
Granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is an important hematopoietic growth factor. Mesenchymal cells produce abundant GM-CSF in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF). We wished to determine (1) what cellular pathways enhanced levels of GM-CSF mRNA, and (2) if TNF used any of these pathways. Modulation in levels of GM- CSF mRNA in human fibroblasts (WI-38) was studied by using Northern blot analysis. Markedly increased levels of GM-CSF mRNA occurred in these cells after exposure to sodium fluoride (NaF) and the effect of NaF was slightly enhanced by aluminum chloride; these results suggest that accumulation of GM-CSF mRNA can occur by activating a G-binding protein. Stimulators of protein kinase C dramatically increased levels of GM-CSF mRNA; however, blockade of protein kinase C activity did not attenuate accumulation of GM-CSF mRNA stimulated by TNF and NaF. Exposure to ouabain increased levels of GM-CSF mRNA and this effect was prominently enhanced in the presence of low concentrations of extracellular K+ and was almost abolished in high concentrations of extracellular K+. A monovalent ionophore (monensin) also increased levels of GM-CSF mRNA. Both ouabain and monensin can increase intracellular Ca++ concentration (Cai++) through Na+-Ca++ exchange. A calcium channel blocker (diltiazem) blocked the increased levels of GM- CSF mRNA mediated by ouabain, but could not block the stimulation mediated by TNF alpha. Ca++ ionophores also increased levels of GM-CSF mRNA and rapidly increased levels of Cai++. TNF did not increase Cai++ and, moreover, was able to stimulate accumulation of GM-CSF mRNA in the absence of extracellular Ca++. Taken together, we have found that several different cellular pathways can lead to prominent accumulation of GM-CSF mRNA in mesenchymal cells including (1) activation of protein kinase C, (2) increase in Cai++, and (3) stimulation of G-binding protein. Our studies show that TNF appears to increase levels of GM-CSF mRNA independent of protein kinase C activity or levels of Cai++. 相似文献
70.