小儿热感宁口服液的解热作用研究

观察小儿热感宁口服液的解热作用,并探讨其处方的合理性。方法：２,４－二硝基苯酚所致热的大鼠发热试验。结果：大鼠灌胃ＸＲＫ２５ｍｌ／ｋｇ后０．５,１和１．５ｈ时可显著抑制大鼠的体温升高;其组份牛磺酸和葛根提取物均有抑制大鼠体温升高的趋势,但差异不显著,说明该两组份有解热协同作用。     

Alternative therapies for localized prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the leading malignancy in men; an increase in detected localized prostate cancers is expected in the years to come. Radical prostatectomy, although effective, is associated with a considerable morbidity. The aim of minimal invasive alternative treatment options should be equal efficacy, but a decrease in side effects. Cryosurgical ablation of the prostate, brachytherapy, high-intensity focused ultrasound, and radiofrequency interstitial tumor ablation were evaluated after a literature review from a MEDLINE search (1966-2002). When compared with treatments in the 1960s and 1970s, increased safety is observed in all of the alternative treatments available today. Sophisticated technology, including the latest ultrasonography devices for exact planning and monitoring of treatment, contributes largely to this safety. Five-year results of cryosurgical ablation of the prostate show a prostate-specific antigen lower than 1 ng/ mL in 60% of the cases; in the third generation, there are no long-term data available on cryosurgical ablation of the prostate. Recent outcome data of brachytherapy come close to results of radical prostatectomy series. Brachytherapy is the only true alternative at this point in time. Highintensity focused ultrasound and radiofrequency interstitial tumor ablation are promising new technologies that have proven to be able to induce extensive necrosis; however, follow-up is too short to determine their definite places in the treatment of prostate cancer.     

Prediction of High-grade Prostate Cancer Following Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Improving the Rotterdam European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer Risk Calculators

Background

The Rotterdam European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer risk calculators (ERSPC-RCs) help to avoid unnecessary transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic biopsies (TRUS-Bx). Multivariable risk stratification could also avoid unnecessary biopsies following multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI).

Physical inactivity in aging and dementia: a review of its relationship to pain

Aims. The goal of this brief review is to address studies examining the relationship between physical inactivity and pain in aging and dementia. Background. A decrease in the level of physical activity is characteristic of older persons, both with and without dementia. Passive behaviour is often considered to be part of the apathy frequently observed in patients with dementia, although it could also be a sign of pain. Design. Literature review. Method. Searches were performed in PubMed and Embase. A total of 15 studies concerning the relationship between physical inactivity and pain in older persons with and without dementia were identified (older persons without dementia: 12; with dementia: 3). Results. In older persons without dementia, a positive relationship between physical inactivity and pain has been demonstrated. In older persons with dementia, pain may cause physical inactivity and physical inactivity may cause pain. Conclusions. In older persons, a positive relationship between physical inactivity and pain was demonstrated. More specifically, pain may cause physical inactivity. In older persons with dementia pain may cause physical inactivity and vice versa. Relevance to clinical practice. Nurses’ awareness of physical inactivity as an indication of pain in older persons with and without dementia may reduce the risk of underdiagnosis and subsequent undertreatment of pain.     

Strukturiertes klinisches Risikomanagement in einer Akutklinik

Background

A hospital is a dangerous place for patients. Multiple studies have demonstrated that errors are a significant problem in hospitals. At the same time it has been shown that a structured healthcare risk management offers numerous tools for risk reduction or risk prevention. The relevance of data due to errors in hospitals is unambiguous, therefore it is necessary to focus on this issue.

Objective

This article describes the basic principles and the implementation of a structured healthcare risk management. The process and tools of healthcare risk management are presented and explained.

Methods

A review of the literature on healthcare risk management was conducted and the currently used and established tools of healthcare risk management are presented.

Results

In the process of healthcare risk management several effective tools for the reduction and prevention of errors are available. These tools must be established in a structured risk management process.

Conclusion

A structured healthcare risk management in a hospital is no longer a ??nice to have?? but an absolutely ??must?? for the professional care of emergency patients.