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21.
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Poly(3‐hydroxy alkanoate) containing unsaturated side chains was produced by feeding Pseudomonas oleovorans with soybean‐oil acid (PHA‐soybean). The composition of PHA‐soybean were found to be 10 mol‐% of unsaturated side chains with the saturated hexanoate, octanoate and decanoate units. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was thermally grafted on PHA‐soybean in the presence of benzoyl peroxide. Fractional precipitation was used to isolate the graft copolymer from related homopolymers. PHA content in copolymer samples was between 15 to 30 mol‐%. Graft copolymer samples were kept in hydroquinone to prevent post polymerization leading to crosslinking in a day under laboratory atmospheric conditions. Copolymer characterization was performed using GPC and NMR techniques. Thermal analysis of the graft copolymer indicated the decomposition and glass transition temperatures of the PHA and PMMA segments of the graft copolymers. They also showed elongation at break in the range 10 to 21 related to the plasticizer effect of the biopolyester segments.  相似文献   
23.
Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) crosslinked graft copolymers are described. Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s containing double bonds in the side chain (PHA-DB) were obtained by co-feeding Pseudomonas oleovorans with a mixture of nonanoic acid and anchovy (hamci) oily acid (in weight ratios of 50/50 and 70/30). PHA-DB was thermally grafted with a polyazoester synthesized by the reaction of poly(ethylene glycol) with MW of 400 (PEG-400) and 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoyl chloride). Sol-gel analysis and spectrometric and thermal characterization of the networks are reported.  相似文献   
24.
Some new macroinitiators ( 5 ) containing azo and peroxy groups were synthesized by transformation of esters of poly(ethylene glycol) ( 1 ) (PEG) of different molecular weight with hydroxyl end groups and an azo group in the middle into the corresponding polymers with tert-butylperoxycarbonyl end groups by reaction with terephthaloyl chloride and subsequently with tert-butyl hydroporoxide. Decomposition in the presence of styrene at 60°C or with 3,6,9-triazaun-decane-1,11-diamine in presence of methyl methacrylate gave the corresponding ABA block copolymer 6 and the ABBA block copolymer 7 , respectively. Both block copolymers were used as polymeric initiators. The ABCBA block copolymer 8 was synthesized from 6 and methyl methacrylate or from 7 and styrene by thermally induced polymerization at 80°C. The resulting block copolymers were separated from the homopolymers by selective solvent extraction and characterized by spectroscopic and fractional precipitation methods.  相似文献   
25.
Port-site metastases in gynecological malignancies subsequent to laparoscopy have been reported with an incidence of 1.1-16%. These metastases tend to be disappearing after primary debulking surgery and subsequent primary chemotherapy. Local resection, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy have been defined in the management of these metastases with enhanced clinical success. However, in extremely rare cases these metastases were also defined very early during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Herein, we present two ovarian cancer cases which are clinically diagnosed with port site metastasis during neoadjuvant chemotherapy following diagnostic laparoscopy. Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy is sometimes needed in cases of fully advanced ovarian cancers, port-site metastasis may be encountered during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The possible poor prognosis of these patients, especially those who have ascites, should make us careful in performing diagnostic laparoscopy with preventive measures for port-site metastasis and to start the chemotherapy immediately.  相似文献   
26.
27.
We did a prospective consecutive study of prophylaxis for heterotopic ossification (HO) comparing indomethacin (100 mg/day) and salmon calcitonin (3 MRC-U/kg/day) for 14 days. Each group consisted of 30 patients. 19 patients in the indomethacin group and 2 in the calcitonin group developed HO. We conclude that use of calcitonin in the prophylaxis of HO after total hip replacement is more effective than indomethacin.  相似文献   
28.
The efficacy of aromatase inhibitors incorporated in the ovarian stimulation protocols of poor-responder patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer cycles was investigated. A total of 70 poor-responder patients were randomized into two groups on day 3 of their menstrual cycle. In Group A, an aromatase inhibitor (letrozole, 5 mg/day) was administered along with a fixed dosage (450 IU/day) of recombinant FSH (rFSH), whereas Group B were treated with the same rFSH dosage alone. A flexible regimen of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist was administered in both groups. The mean total dose of rFSH (2980 ± 435 IU versus 3850 ± 580 IU, P < 0.05) and serum concentrations of oestradiol on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin administration (1870 ± 159 pg/ml versus 2015 ± 175 pg/ml, P < 0.05) were significantly lower in Group A compared with Group B, respectively. The rate of cycle cancellation due to poor ovarian response was lower in Group A (8.6%) than in Group B (28.6%), (P < 0.05). The costs of achieving a clinical pregnancy were US$11560 and US$17584, and the clinical pregnancy rates per embryo transfer were 25.8% and 20%, in groups A and B, respectively. In conclusion, adjunctive letrozole administration seems to restore an IVF cycle by decreasing the rate of cycle cancellation and seems to reduce the cost by reducing the total gonadotrophin dosage.  相似文献   
29.

Purpose

To compare the effects of combined oral contraceptives (OCs) containing cyproterone acetate and drospirenone in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods

Fifty-two patients with PCOS were randomized in two groups: group A (n = 26) received 0.035 mg ethinyl estradiol + 2 mg cyproterone acetate and group B (n = 26) received 0.03 mg ethinyl estradiol + 3 mg drospirenone-containing OCs for 12 months. Baseline clinical features including body mass index, waist to hip ratio (WHR), and modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) score were noted. Baseline biochemical parameters included androgen profile, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profile, and oxidative stress. The percentages of changes for all parameters were compared.

Results

The groups were comparable regarding the baseline characteristics. WHR decreased significantly from baseline (?4 % [?31 to 35]) in group B when compared to group A (0 % [?11 to 14]) (P = 0.033). The total mFG score decreased significantly from baseline (?35 % [?71 to 10]) in group A when compared to group B (?18 % [?72 to 30]) (P = 0.035). Changes in androgen hormone profile were comparable except DHEA-SO4 (?32 % [?53 to 15] in group B vs. ?10 % [?49 to 63] in group A; P = 0.046). The effects of the drugs were similar regarding carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profile, and oxidative stress parameters.

Conclusions

Cyproterone acetate containing OCs seem to be more effective to treat clinical hirsutism in patients with PCOS after 12 months of treatment.  相似文献   
30.
Kurtay G  Ozmen B  Erguder I 《Maturitas》2006,53(1):32-38
AIM: To compare the effects of sequential transdermal administration versus oral administration of estradiol plus NETA on serum nitric oxide (NO) levels in postmenopausal women (PMW). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty postmenopausal subjects without any prior hormone replacement therapy (HRT) usage were enrolled in this study. All participants were healthy, ambulatory, non-smoker and had similar life styles with dietary habits. HRT was given to participants according to desired HRT administration, in group A (n=50); oral estradiol hemi-hydrate (2 mg)/norethisterone acetate (1 mg), and in group B (n=30); transdermal combined patch comprising estradiol (0.05 mg) alone and estradiol (0.05 mg)/norethisterone acetate (0.25 mg), were given sequential for 12 months. Serum NO levels were studied using Total Oxide Assay Kit (Assay Designs, Inc.) according to manufacturer's instructions prior to and after 12 months from the HRT treatment. RESULTS: The mean serum NO levels prior to the HRT in groups A and B was 0.48+/-0.46 (range, 0.27-0.76 nmol/mL) nmol/mL and 0.47+/-0.48 nmol/mL (range, 0.29-0.693 nmol/mL) (p>0.05). The mean serum NO levels after the HRT in groups A and B was 0.53+/-0.33 nmol/mL (range, 0.29-2.10 nmol/mL) and 2.91+/-0.50 nmol/mL (range, 2.10-3.67 nmol/mL) (p<0.05). A significant difference was found between mean serum NO levels prior to and after the treatment in group B (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Transdermal sequential combined HRT with estradiol hemi-hydrate/NETA was found to be superior to sequential combined oral HRT in increasing serum NO levels.  相似文献   
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