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101.
Background: We analyzed morbidity and mortality, sites of recurrence, and possible prognostic factors in 95 (78 male, 17 female) patients with MPM on phase I–III trials since 1990. A debulking resection to a requisite, residual tumor thickness of ≤ 5 mm was required for inclusion. Methods: Preoperative tumor volumes were determined by three-dimensional reconstruction of chest computerized tomograms. Pleurectomy (n=39) or extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP; n=39) was performed. Seventeen patients could not be debulked. Preoperative EPP platelet counts (404,000) and mean tumor volume (491 cm3) were greater than that seen for pleurectomy (344,000, 114 cm3). Results: Median survival for all patients was 11.2 months, with that for pleurectomy 14.5 months, that for EPP 9.4 months, and that for unresectable patients 5.0 months. Arrhythmia (n=14; 15%) was the most common complication, and there were two deaths related to surgery (2.0%). Tumor volume of >100 ml, biphasic histology, male sex, and elevated platelet count were associated with decreased survival (p<0.05). Both EPP and pleurectomy had equivalent recurrence rates (27 of 39 [69%] and 31 of 39 [79%], respectively); however, 17 of 27 EPP recurrences as opposed to 28 of 31 pleurectomy recurrences were locoregional (p2=0.013). Conclusions: Debulking resections for MPM can be performed with low operative mortality. Size and platelet count are important preoperative prognostic parameters for MPM. Patients with poor prognostic indicators should probably enter nonsurgical, innovative trials where toxicity or response to therapy can be evaluated. Presented at the 49th Annual Cancer Symposium of The Society of Surgical Oncology, Atlanta, Georgia, March 21–24, 1996.  相似文献   
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The effects of perceptions of risk on attitudes toward handicapped children were studied. Five hundred twenty two nonhandicapped children between the ages of 8 and 19 were assigned to one of four experimental conditions in a basic 2×2 (Risk×Interview) paradigm. Some subjects were assigned to a high risk condition whereby if they indicated they would like to be friends with a handicapped peer, they were told that they might actually have to befriend a handicapped youngster who was about to enter their class; other subjects were not told about any personal involvement with the handicapped child. In the Interview factor, about half the subjects were informed that their attitudes would be known to other group members, the other half of subjects were told their attitudes would remain private. The 2×2 paradigm was studied with children at three ages levels: 8–11; 12–15; 16–19. Results revealed three significant main effects, generally supporting the hypothesis regarding the effects of risk factors.  相似文献   
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Injections of zymosan in mouse and rat paws provoke inflammatory reactions, the kinetics of which are different. In both models, inflammation occurs at an early stage but oedema is maximal at 30 min in rat paw and 6 h in mouse paw. In this study the two reactions have been studied up to 6 h. The reduction of oedema by anti-H1 compounds, as well as by disodium cromoglycate, proves the active role played by histamine in rat paw oedema. In mouse its role appears to be minor or non-existent. Serotonin seems to be clearly implicated in the early stages of the oedema in mouse, somewhat less in rat. In the two species, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds only reduce the 4-6 h phase. BW755C and phenidone reduce the early and late phase of paw oedema in both species, with the exception of phenidone which is inactive on the 4-6 h phase in the mouse. We can hypothesize that in the two species some leukotrienes seem to be implicated principally in the early phases, while derivatives of cyclooxygenase play a more important role in the late phases. Theophylline reduces inflammation in the two models, hydrocortisone acetate, however, is only active on the late phases. These results indicate that there are important differences in the participation of the various mediators studied in the two models.  相似文献   
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