蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌丝体的研究现状

  目的  探讨蝙蝠蛾拟青霉复合胶囊对四氯化碳与酒精所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。  方法  分别采用四氯化碳和酒精灌胃诱导小鼠急性肝损伤模型,测定四氯化碳急性肝损伤模型小鼠血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）的含量及酒精急性肝损伤模型小鼠肝组织中丙二醛（MDA）、甘油三酯（TG）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）的含量并观察2组肝组织切片病理形态学变化。  结果  蝙蝠蛾拟青霉复合胶囊675、2 025 mg/kg BW 剂量组四氯化碳急性肝损伤小鼠血清的ALT、AST含量均低于模型对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。急性酒精性肝损伤模型中,675、2 025 mg/kg BW剂量组的MDA含量和3个剂量组的TG含量明显低于模型对照组,675、2 025 mg/kg BW剂量组的GSH含量明显高于模型对照组,差异均具有显著性（P < 0.05）。小鼠肝组织形态学结果表明,四氯化碳肝损伤模型肝组织中、高剂量组的肝脏细胞坏死程度与模型对照组比较积分显著下降,差异具有显著性（P < 0.05）,各剂量组气球样变积分和高剂量组水样变程度积分也较模型组有显著性降低（P < 0.01）;蝙蝠蛾拟青霉复合胶囊能显著改善急性酒精性肝损伤小鼠肝细胞脂肪变性程度,差异具有显著性（P < 0.05）。  结论  蝙蝠蛾拟青霉复合胶囊对小鼠急性肝损伤具有较好的辅助保护功能。     

红花对家兔肠系膜微血管运动作用机理的在体研究

目的:观察红花(CTL)对家兔肠系膜微血管运动的影响,并探讨一氧化氮(NO)在其中的作用,以进一步明确红花活血化瘀的作用机理。方法:取健康雄性大耳白家兔20只,以乌拉坦腹腔注射行基础麻醉,氯醛酮耳缘静脉注射维持麻醉,气管插管置家兔于自发呼吸状态,同步记录呼吸、血压。在活体情况下运用血管运动诱导法诱导出血管运动后分别观察静注CTL后血管运动的变化及应用NOS抑制剂L-NMMA对其的影响,将结果摄录到监视器上,用暂停功能测量。结果:静注CTL后可使由去甲肾上腺素(NA)诱导出的血管运动被抑制于舒张状态,应用L-NMMA后CTL的作用未受影响。结论:CTL抑制血管运动的作用机制不是通过内源性NO介导的。     

Neuronal-glial Interactions Define the Role of Nitric Oxide in Neural Functional Processes

Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile cellular messenger performing a variety of physiologic and pathologic actions in most tissues. It is particularly important in the nervous system, where it is involved in multiple functions, as well as in neuropathology, when produced in excess. Several of these functions are based on interactions between NO produced by neurons and NO produced by glial cells, mainly astrocytes and microglia. The present paper briefly reviews some of these interactions, in particular those involved in metabolic regulation, control of cerebral blood flow, axonogenesis, synaptic function and neurogenesis. Aim of the paper is mainly to underline the physiologic aspects of these interactions rather than the pathologic ones.     

大鼠心肌组织中高能磷酸化物的含量测定

目的 建立了同步测定大鼠心肌组织中5种高能磷酸化物含量的反相离子对高效液相色谱法,并观察异丙肾上腺素致害大鼠心肌损伤模型中能量代谢的变化。方法 色谱柱:Supelco ODS-C₁₈(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);柱温:23℃～25℃;UV检测波长210nm;流动相:220mmol·L^-1磷酸盐缓冲液(含3mmol·L^-1四丁基氢氧化铵和7%甲醇),pH6.5;流速1.2ml·min^-1和1.3ml·min^-1。结果 5种能量代谢物质ATP、ADP、AMP、CrP和Cr达到良好分离,ATP、ADP、CrP在10～100μmol·L^-1,AMP在100～500μmol·L^-1,Cr在100～1000μmol·L^-1浓度范围,峰面积与浓度呈良好线性关系。日内和日间精密度的RSD均<10%,ATP、ADP、AMP、CrP及Cr的提取回收率(%)平均为:97.86、104.38、100.00、97.64和98.8。与生理盐水组相比,ISO致害大鼠心室组织中ATP含量及能荷(EC)显著下降(P<0.05)、ADP呈下降而AMP呈上升趋势，CrP含量显著上升（P<0.01）。结论 本法操作简便、结果准确，可以用于大鼠心肌组织提取液中高能磷酸化物的测定和能量代谢状况的研究。     

Botulinum Toxin A for Oral Cavity Cancer Patients: In Microsurgical Patients BTX Injections in Major Salivary Glands Temporarily Reduce Salivary Production and the Risk of Local Complications Related to Saliva Stagnation

In patients suffering from oral cavity cancer surgical treatment is complex because it is necessary to remove carcinoma and lymph node metastasis (through a radical unilateral or bilateral neck dissection) and to reconstruct the affected area by means of free flaps. The saliva stagnation in the post-operative period is a risk factor with regard to local complications. Minor complications related to saliva stagnation (such as tissue maceration and wound dehiscence) could become major complications compromising the surgery or the reconstructive outcome. In fact the formation of oro-cutaneous fistula may cause infection, failure of the free flap, or the patient’s death with carotid blow-out syndrome. Botulinum injections in the major salivary glands, four days before surgery, temporarily reduces salivation during the healing stage and thus could reduce the incidence of saliva-related complications. Forty three patients with oral cancer were treated with botulinum toxin A. The saliva quantitative measurement and the sialoscintigraphy were performed before and after infiltrations of botulinum toxin in the major salivary glands. In all cases there was a considerable, but temporary, reduction of salivary secretion. A lower rate of local complications was observed in the post-operative period. The salivary production returned to normal within two months, with minimal side effects and discomfort for the patients. The temporary inhibition of salivary secretion in the post-operative period could enable a reduction in saliva-related local complications, in the incidence of oro-cutaneous fistulas, and improve the outcome of the surgery as well as the quality of residual life in these patients.     

Effect of a nutritional supplement used for diabetic foot ulcers on microalbuminuria

We evaluated if a nutritional supplement containing arginine, glutamine, β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate commonly used to improve the healing of diabetic foot ulcers had any effect on the kidney function in the diabetic patients. We hypothesized that the action on the skin may be nonspecific and that the supplement might also act on other structural elements of the kidney. We compared the evolution of the blood creatinine and of the overnight albumin excretion in 16 diabetic subjects with mild to moderate nephropathy 6 months prior to and during the 6 months of treatment. The creatinine level remained stable during the treatment, while microalbuminuria decreased to nearly 50% of the initial value (p < 0.000).