Comparison of pharmacokinetics and drug release in tissues after transarterial chemoembolization with doxorubicin using diverse lipiodol emulsions and CalliSpheres Beads in rabbit livers

CalliSpheres^® Beads (CB) is the first drug-eluting bead (DEB) product in China. Our aim was to compare the effect on the pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin (DOX) and its local concentration between lipiodol emulsions and CB in the process of TACE in rabbit livers. Twenty-five rabbits were distributed into two groups; Group 1 received lipiodol emulsions with DOX, and Group 2 received CB loaded with DOX (CBDOX). DOX was measured in the peripheral blood at different times after treatment. Livers were sampled at 1 week and 1 month for Group 2 after embolization. DOX concentration and distribution were measured in the liver. The administration of DOX by TACE with CBDOX resulted in peripheral blood DOX concentrations of 39.85?±?13.86?ng/mL at 5?min, with a gradual decrease to 6.89?±?1.62?ng/mL at 24?h, after treatment. Plasma concentration of DOX after chemoembolization with lipiodol was 225.91?±?64.88?ng/mL at 5?min and decreased with time by 24?h to 5.06?±?0.48?ng/mL. In CBDOX group, the drug impregnated an area as far as 200?μm from the bead edge. The tissue concentration of doxorubicin (tissC_DOX) ranged from 40.27?μg/mL to 245.70?μg/mL at 1 week and from 5.64?μg/mL to 28.09?μg/mL at 1 month. Plasma concentrations of DOX resulting from CBDOX embolization were significantly lower than that for cTACE. CB could deliver relatively high concentrations of DOX to an area as far as 200?μm from the bead edge for at least 1 month.     

雷公藤化学成分研究

摘 要 目的：研究雷公藤根的化学成分。方法: 通过硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH 20凝胶色谱和制备高效液相色谱等方法进行化合物分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据确定其结构。结果: 从雷公藤根中分离鉴定了12个化合物,分别为：雷公藤吉碱（1）、雷公藤次碱（2）、雷酚萜甲醚（3）、任卡漆 5 烯 3β,28 二醇（4）、雷酚萜E（5）、雷酚萜L（6）、maytenoic acid（7）、雷酚内酯（8）、雷公藤红素（9）、去甲泽拉木醛（10）、1 desacetyl wilforgine（11）、雷公藤春碱（12）。结论: 首次对化合物1和2的1D、2D核磁数据进行全归属,并运用X ray单晶衍射技术确定了化合物1 的绝对构型。     

Diagnosis of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Wild and Domestic Animals in Xinjiang,China, 2013–2016

Peste des petits ruminants viruses (PPRVs) re‐emerged in China at the end of 2013 and then spread rapidly into 22 provinces through movement of live goats and sheep. In this study, 96 samples of domestic animals and 13 samples of wildlife were analysed for the presence of PPRV infection by ELISA or RT‐PCR. Of 96 samples from sheep and goats, 91 were PPRV positive, whereas all of the 13 samples from three wild species, Capra ibex (Capra ibex sibirica), argali (Ovis ammon) and Goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa), were found to be positive. Five wildlife‐origin isolates from the above samples were identified as the lineage IV by a multiple alignment of the partial sequences in N gene.     

西藏护理引进人才的跨文化照护遭遇现状分析

对西藏护理引进人才与藏族患者间存在的跨文化照护遭遇问题进行分析。提出护理引进人才需加强多元文化学习,了解西藏民俗特点,使尽快适应西藏文化特点;尊重患者权利,注重护患间经历管理,以切实提高护理服务质量,以避免跨文化照护遭遇。     

Long non‐coding RNA ROR promotes proliferation,migration and chemoresistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common malignancies of the head and neck. It arises from the nasopharynx epithelium and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) have been reported to regulate gene interaction and play critical roles in carcinogenesis and progression. LncRNA‐ROR, a recently identified lncRNA, has been shown to be involved in initiation, progression and metastasis of several tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer and glioma. However, whether lncRNA‐ROR is associated with the progression of NPC remains unknown. Resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the primary cause of NPC patients’ death. In this study, we found that lncRNA‐ROR was significantly upregulated in NPC tissues compared with normal tissues. Next, our study proved that lncRNA‐ROR was highly associated with the proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis of NPC. The enrichment of lncRNA‐ROR played a critucal functional role in chemoresistance. The mechanism by which NPC resists chemotherapy might be that lncRNA‐ROR suppress p53 signal pathway. Taken together, these data suggested that lncRNA‐ROR played an important role in the progression of NPC; thereby it might become a therapeutic target and reduce chemoresistance for NPC.     

医院精细化管理的进化论

本文提出了国外管理学中的六大理念对我国医院精细化管理带来的启示和影响。笔者指出医院管理也是在进化中不断寻求发展的,医院管理者要跳出医院看管理,最后对我国医院精细化管理提出了展望。     

Free-base nicotine in tobacco products. Part II. Determination of free-base nicotine in the aqueous extracts of smokeless tobacco products and the relevance of these findings to product design parameters

Reports in the peer-reviewed literature and popular press have alleged that smokeless tobacco product (STP) manufacturers increase the addictiveness of their products by adjusting formulae to increase the relative percentage of nicotine in STP that is not protonated. Such nicotine is more popularly, but incorrectly, known as free-base nicotine (“FBN”) as it is a calculated amount as opposed to a real chemical species in the STP. Some regulators have mandated reporting of FBN as estimated by Henderson–Hasselbalch equation (“HHE”) using the pH-value of an aqueous suspension (or extract) of STP. This is technically incorrect because the HHE is only valid in pure dilute aqueous solution of a single base and its conjugate acid. The aqueous suspensions (or extracts) of STP often contain high concentrations of salts and polymeric anions such as pectate and many other compounds, and there is a molar excess of ammonia over nicotine in some products. These are heretofore-unrecognized sources of error in use of the HHE to estimate relative amount of nicotine that is not protonated results in inaccurate FBN-values. Thus, it is not surprising that attempts to show the relevance of estimated value of FBN in STP to human physiology have failed.     

Landau-Kleffner 综合征的临床特征和远期预后

目的研究Landau-Kleffner综合征（LKS）的临床、脑电图特征、治疗反应和远期预后。方法对10例LKS患儿的临床及脑电图资料进行分析,并随访治疗效果及远期预后。结果起病年龄2～10、5岁。10例患儿均有获得性失语,表现为听觉失认。均有癫癎发作,8例有睡眠中部分运动性发作,其他发作形式还有不典型失神发作和全身强直一阵挛发作。9例伴有精神行为异常。10例均无听力异常、神经影像学异常及家族史。10例均有脑电图异常,9例有颞区限局性棘慢波发放,8例进行录像脑电图（VEEG）监测,4例发现睡眠中癫疴性电持续状态。10例癫疴发作均可用抗癫疴药物控制。经皮质激素治疗,10例失语均有改善。随访8例,癫癎发作控制均良好,5例语言较正常差。6例随访VEEG,2例停用激素后再次出现睡眠中持续放电。结论LKS是一个以获得性失语和癫疴发作为主要临床表现的儿童时期癫癎脑病。失语表现为听觉失认,多伴有其他精神行为异常。EEG常见颞区的限局性放电,睡眠期常泛化全导,并可呈持续发放。抗癫疴药物可控制癫疴发作,但对失语疗效不佳。早期应用足量皮质激素治疗可明显改善失语情况。EEG及癫癎发作转归良好,但常遗留语言障碍。     

肌肉、周围神经与皮肤病理检查对儿童神经肌肉病的诊断价值

目的 探讨肌肉、周围神经与皮肤活检在儿童神经肌肉病诊断中的价值。方法 对1999年1月至2004年12月在我科接受肌肉、周围神经与皮肤活检术患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 102例患儿中82例接受肌肉活检,33例明确诊断,包括肌营养不良13例,炎症性肌肉病4例,先天性中央核肌肉病2例,空泡性肌肉病1例,线粒体肌肉病8例,脂肪累积性肌肉病1例,糖原累积性肌肉病1例,脊肌萎缩症3例。25例为非特异肌肉病理改变。24例肌肉活检未见异常。23例接受腓肠神经活检,9例诊断为遗传性运动感觉神经病,1例为异染性脑白质营养不良伴周围神经受累,11例为非特异性周围神经髓鞘或轴索病变,2例未见异常。8例接受皮肤活检,2例诊断为神经元蜡样质脂褐质沉积症,1例为婴儿神经轴索营养不良,1例为空泡性溶酶体病,4例皮肤活检未见异常。结论 肌肉、周围神经与皮肤活检对明确儿童神经肌肉病的诊断具有重要价值。     

Airway foreign body removal by flexible bronchoscopy: experience with 1027 children during 2000–2008

Background  Foreign body aspiration (FBA) into the tracheobronchial tree is a common problem in children necessitating prompt recognition and management. This study aimed to report our experience in airway foreign body removal by flexible bronchoscopy in children. Methods  A total of 1027 patients with FBA were reviewed retrospectively. They were 626 boys and 401 girls aged from 5 months to 14 years with a median age of 17 months. The clinical manifestations, radiological findings, bronchoscopic findings and complications of the procedure were analyzed. Results  Among the patients, only 53.4% had a definite history of FBA. The most frequent symptom was paroxysmal cough (84.3%), followed by stridor or wheezing, fever and dyspnea. Chest X-ray showed emphysema in 68.8% of the patients, atelectasis in 13.3% and bronchopneumonia in 56.3%. A bronchoscope was inserted intranasally in most children, but through mouth and endotracheal tube in 17 and 3 children, respectively. Foreign bodies were removed successfully by flexible bronchoscopy with disposable grasping forceps or biopsy forceps in 938 (91.3%) of the patients. The other 89 patients turned to rigid bronchoscopy. During the procedures, 132 (12.9%) of the patients showed transient hypoxia, which was alleviated by oxygen supplement and/or temporary cessation of the procedure. A small amount of bleeding was found in 17 patients and bradycardia in 3. Air leak and laryngeal edema were noted in 2 patients and relieved within 24 hours. Conclusions  Flexible bronchoscopy is useful and safe in retrieving airway foreign bodies in children. With skilled personnel and perfect equipments, flexible bronchoscopy could be considered as the first choice for the removal of airway foreign body.