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121.
122.
Validation of FreeSurfer-Estimated Brain Cortical Thickness: Comparison with Histologic Measurements
Francesco Cardinale Giuseppa Chinnici Manuela Bramerio Roberto Mai Ivana Sartori Massimo Cossu Giorgio Lo Russo Laura Castana Nadia Colombo Chiara Caborni Elena De Momi Giancarlo Ferrigno 《Neuroinformatics》2014,12(4):535-542
FreeSurfer software package automatically estimates the cerebral cortical thickness. Its use is widely accepted, albeit this tool was validated against histologic measurements in only two post-mortem isolated brain MR scans. Indeed, a comparison between histologic measurements and FreeSurfer estimation from in vivo data was never performed. At the “Claudio Munari” Center for Epilepsy and Parkinson Surgery we have included FreeSurfer in our presurgical workflow since 2008, mainly because the automatic reconstruction of the brain surface is useful for carefully planning the surgical resection. We therefore compared cortical thickness values obtained by the automatic software pipeline with manual histologic measurements performed on 27 histologic specimens resected from the corresponding brain regions of the same epileptic subjects. This method-comparison study, including Passing–Bablok regression and Bland-Altman plot analysis, showed a good agreement between FreeSurfer estimation and histologic measurements of cortical thickness. The mean cortical thickness values (±Standard Deviation) obtained with FreeSurfer and histologic measurements were 3.65 mm?±?0.44 and 3.72 mm?±?0.36, respectively (P value?=?0.32). Our findings strengthen previous reports on cortical thickness changes as biomarkers of different neurological conditions. 相似文献
123.
Ivana Rabbone Andrea E. Scaramuzza Maria Giovanna Ignaccolo Davide Tinti Sabrina Sicignano Francesca Redaelli Laura De Angelis Alessandra Bosetti Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti Franco Cerutti 《Diabetes research and clinical practice》2014
Aims
This study aimed to investigate the effect of carbohydrate counting (carbC), with or without an automated bolus calculator (ABC), in children with type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections.Methods
We evaluated 85 children, aged 9–16 years, with type 1 diabetes, divided into four groups: controls (n = 23), experienced carbC (n = 19), experienced carbC + ABC (n = 18) and non-experienced carbC + ABC (n = 25). Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin use, and glycaemic variability – evaluated as high blood glucose index (HBGI) and low blood glucose index (LBGI) – were assessed at baseline and after 6 and 18 months.Results
At baseline, age, disease duration, BMI, HbA1c, insulin use, and HBGI (but not LBGI; p = 0.020) were similar for all groups. After 6 months, HbA1c improved from baseline, although not significantly – patients using ABC (according to manufacturer's recommendations) HbA1c 7.14 ± 0.41% at 6 months vs. 7.35 ± 0.53% at baseline, (p = 0.136) or without carbC experience HbA1c 7.61 ± 0.62% vs. 7.95 ± 0.99% (p = 0.063). Patients using ABC had a better HBGI (p = 0.001) and a slightly worse LBGI (p = 0.010) than those not using ABC. ABC settings were then personalised. At 18 months, further improvements in HbA1c were seen in children using the ABC, especially in the non-experienced carbC group (−0.42% from baseline; p = 0.018).Conclusions
CarbC helped to improve glycaemic control in children with type 1 diabetes using multiple daily injections. ABC use led to greater improvements in HbA1c, HBGI and LBGI compared with patients using only carbC, regardless of experience with carbC. 相似文献124.
BCR‐ABL1 kinase domain mutational analysis of CD34+ stem/progenitor cells in newly diagnosed CML patients by next‐generation sequencing
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125.
Elevated monoclonal and polyclonal serum immunoglobulin free light chain as prognostic factors in B‐ and T‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
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Thomas E. Witzig Matthew J. Maurer Thomas M. Habermann Brian K. Link Ivana N.M. Micallef Grzegorz S. Nowakowski Stephen M. Ansell Joseph P. Colgan David J. Inwards Luis F. Porrata Svetomir N. Markovic Patrick B. Johnston Yi Lin Carrie Thompson Mamta Gupta Jerry A. Katzmann James R. Cerhan 《American journal of hematology》2014,89(12):1116-1120
The serum immunoglobulin free light chain (FLC) assay quantitates free kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) light chains. FLC elevations in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are associated with an inferior survival. These increases in FLC can be monoclonal (as in myeloma) or polyclonal. The goal was to estimate the frequency of these elevations within distinct types of B‐cell and T‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and whether the FLC measurements are associated with event‐free survival (EFS). We studied serum for FLC abnormalities using normal laboratory reference ranges to define an elevated κ or λ FLC. Elevations were further classified as polyclonal or monoclonal. Four hundred ninety‐two patients were studied: 453 B‐cell and 34 T‐cell NHL patients. Twenty‐nine % (142/453) of patients had an elevated FLC of which 10% were monoclonal elevations. Within B‐cell NHL, FLC abnormalities were most common in lymphoplasmacytic (79%), mantle cell (68%), and lymphomas of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (31%); they were least common in follicular (15%). The hazard ratio (HR) for EFS in all patients was 1.41 (95% CI; 1.11–1.81); in all B‐cell NHL the HR was 1.44 (95% CI 1.11–1.96); in all T‐cell NHL the HR was 1.17 (95% CI 0.55–2.49). FLC abnormalities predicted an inferior OS (HR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.93–3.90, P < 0.0001). The serum FLC assay is useful for prognosis in both B‐cell and T‐cell types of NHL. In B‐cell NHL further discrimination between a monoclonal and polyclonal elevation may be helpful and should be analyzed in prospective clinical trials. Am. J. Hematol. 89:1116–1120, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
126.
Andrea Scaramuzza Valentino Cherubini Stefano Tumini Riccardo Bonfanti Pietro Buono Francesca Cardella Giuseppe d’Annunzio Anna Paola Frongia Fortunato Lombardo Anna Carla Maria Monciotti Ivana Rabbone Riccardo Schiaffini Sonia Toni Stefano Zucchini Giulio Frontino Dario Iafusco 《Acta diabetologica》2014,51(2):173-184
A panel of experts of the Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology comprehensively discussed and approved the Italian recommendations regarding self-monitoring of blood glucose, continuous glucose monitoring and other measures of glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. After an extensive review of the literature, we took these issues into account: self-monitoring blood glucose, continuous glucose monitoring, glycemic variability, glycosuria, ketonuria, ketonemia, glycated hemoglobin, fructosamine and glycated albumin, logbook, data downloading, lancing devices, carbohydrate counting, and glycemic measurements at school. We concluded that clinical guidelines on self-management should be developed in every country with faithful adaptation to local languages and taking into account specific contexts and local peculiarities, without any substantial modifications to the international recommendations. We believe that the National Health Service should provide all necessary resources to ensure self-monitoring of blood glucose and possibly continuous glucose monitoring of all children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, according to the standards of care provided by these recommendations and internationally. 相似文献
127.
Ivana Verlinden Karin van den Hurk Ruud Clarijs Arjan P. Willig Cecile M.H.A. Stallinga Guido M.J.M. Roemen Joost J. van den Oord Axel zur Hausen Ernst-Jan M. Speel Véronique J.L. Winnepenninckx 《Medicine》2014,93(28)
Treatment of BRAFV600E-mutant melanoma by small molecule inhibitors that target BRAF or MEK kinases is increasingly used in clinical practice and significantly improve patient outcome. However, patients eventually become resistant and therapeutic improvement is required. Molecular diversity within individual tumors (intratumor heterogeneity) and between tumors within a single patient (intrapatient heterogeneity) poses a significant challenge to precision medicine.Using immunohistochemistry, we determined the extent of BRAFV600E intratumor and intrapatient heterogeneity and the influence of morphological heterogeneity in a large series of 171 melanomas of 81 patients.The BRAFV600E mutation rate found in our melanoma series is 44%, with none of 22 (0%) melanoma in situ, 23 of 56 (41%) primary tumors, 28 of 59 (48%) regional metastases, and 24 of 34 (71%) distant metastases harboring the mutation. In general, a diffuse homogeneous immunostaining was seen, even in tumors consisting of more than one cell type, that is, epithelioid, spindle, and/or small cell types. Nevertheless, BRAFV600E-mutant melanomas more often had a purely epithelioid cell population (P = 0.063), that is more evident among distant metastases (P = 0.014). Only two of 75 (3%) mutated specimens (one primary and one metastasis) displayed heterogeneous BRAFV600E expression. The primary tumor was also morphologically heterogeneous and exclusively displayed BRAFV600E in the epithelioid component, confirming an association between BRAFV600E and epithelioid cells. Twenty-eight of 30 patients (93%) had concordant BRAF mutation status between their tumors.Taken together, BRAFV600E intratumor and intrapatient heterogeneity in melanoma is diminutive, nevertheless, the identified exceptions will have important implications for the clinical management of this disease. 相似文献
128.
Ivana Y. Kuo Teresa M. DesRochers Erica P. Kimmerling Lily Nguyen Barbara E. Ehrlich David L. Kaplan 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2014,111(39):14283-14288
Mutations in polycystin 1 and 2 (PC1 and PC2) cause the common genetic kidney disorder autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). It is unknown how these mutations result in renal cysts, but dysregulation of calcium (Ca2+) signaling is a known consequence of PC2 mutations. PC2 functions as a Ca2+-activated Ca2+ channel of the endoplasmic reticulum. We hypothesize that Ca2+ signaling through PC2, or other intracellular Ca2+ channels such as the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R), is necessary to maintain renal epithelial cell function and that disruption of the Ca2+ signaling leads to renal cyst development. The cell line LLC-PK1 has traditionally been used for studying PKD-causing mutations and Ca2+ signaling in 2D culture systems. We demonstrate that this cell line can be used in long-term (8 wk) 3D tissue culture systems. In 2D systems, knockdown of InsP3R results in decreased Ca2+ transient signals that are rescued by overexpression of PC2. In 3D systems, knockdown of either PC2 or InsP3R leads to cyst formation, but knockdown of InsP3R type 1 (InsP3R1) generated the largest cysts. InsP3R1 and InsP3R3 are differentially localized in both mouse and human kidney, suggesting that regional disruption of Ca2+ signaling contributes to cystogenesis. All cysts had intact cilia 2 wk after starting 3D culture, but the cells with InsP3R1 knockdown lost cilia as the cysts grew. Studies combining 2D and 3D cell culture systems will assist in understanding how mutations in PC2 that confer altered Ca2+ signaling lead to ADPKD cysts.The commonly occurring genetic kidney disorder, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), is the result of mutations in polycystin 1 or 2 (PC1 or PC2). The progressive cyst formation within all segments of the nephron that defines the disorder leads to renal failure requiring treatment by dialysis and/or organ transplantation (1–3). Altered Ca2+ signaling is one of several pathways that have been implicated in the disease (4, 5). A major limitation toward elucidating the role of Ca2+ signaling in cyst formation has been the lack of easily manipulated, physiologically relevant experimental methodologies.In the past, ADPKD research has relied largely upon data from mouse models and cells maintained in 2D cell culture. Mouse models have played a significant role in understanding the biology of cyst formation but are unable to fully recapitulate the physiology of disease progression in humans due to the inherent differences between the species including life span, genetics, and environment. Two-dimensional cell culture has the ability to provide information on signaling pathways and response to therapies in a fast, high-throughput manner, but is incapable of replicating the inherent 3D nature of cyst formation. Advances in 3D tissue culture over the past 2 decades have improved the ability to model cyst development in vitro. However, previously published 3D tissue models of ADPKD have relied upon short-term culture of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells (6–12) or cells from patients (13–18) or PC1-null mice (19, 20; for review, see ref. 21). Recently, 3D tissues have been developed that incorporate mouse cells containing a shRNA-mediated knockdown of PC1 (9, 19). The benefits of this system include the use of a cell line, thus eliminating the need to isolate primary cells, and the use of cells with a stable genetic background.Ca2+ signaling underpins many cellular processes ranging from cell proliferation to cell death. Intracellular Ca2+ levels can be modified by opening of the inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) or other intracellular Ca2+ release channels, including PC2. Over 99% of PC2 resides on the endoplasmic reticulum (22), where it is known to act as a modulator of the InsP3R and the ryanodine receptor (RyR) (23), with the remainder on the primary cilia. PC2 itself can function as a Ca2+-activated Ca2+ release channel (22, 24).Although it was demonstrated in 3D cultures that the knockdown of PC1 leads to cyst development (25), the effect of knocking down PC2 or other Ca2+-signaling proteins has not been shown. It has been hypothesized that the disruption of PC2, or the proteins that it interacts with, will result in cyst growth, as Ca2+ is a major signaling molecule (26, 27). Cells with decreased PC2 have been linked with decreased Ca2+ signaling (28), and overexpression of PC2 has been shown to act as an inhibitor of cell proliferation (29). Changing PC2 expression levels alters the uptake of Ca2+ into the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to liver cyst formation (30), but no direct link involving the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum has been implicated in renal cyst development. Similarly, changes in the expression of the InsP3R have been correlated with various disease conditions; for example, the InsP3R is upregulated in colorectal cancer (31), but downregulated in bile duct obstruction and cholestasis (32, 33).Here, we demonstrate that cyst formation can be followed for several weeks using a 3D culture system and that the disruption of intracellular Ca2+ signaling, through the knockdown of either InsP3R or PC2, leads to cyst development. 相似文献
129.
130.