活体亲属肾移植手术的17例报告

目的总结活体亲属肾移植的临床经验。方法对供、受者进行全面的免疫学检查，对供者行IVU检查了解分侧肾功能，行DSA或MRA、螺旋CT血管三维成像检查了解血管的变异情况之后，开放式手术摘取供肾13例，经后腹腔镜活体供肾摘取4例，按常规方法移植给受者。免疫抑制方案为环孢素A（或FK506）、霉酚酸酯（或硫唑嘌呤、雷帕鸣）、强的松三联免疫抑制剂。结果13例开放式手术时间1．5～3．0h，平均2．0h；热缺血时间1．0～1．5min，平均1．2min；术中出血量60～200ml，平均140ml，术中及术后均未输血；术后住院7～10d，平均8d。4例后腹腔镜手术时间3．0～4．5h，平均3．5h；热缺血时间2．5～3．5min，平均2．8min；术中出血量60～100ml，平均75ml，术中及术后均未输血；术后3～5d出院。移植肾血液循环恢复后10～40s泌尿，平均20s。1例受者术后45d发生轻微的急性排斥反应，应用激素冲击3d后逆转，其余受者均无并发症。随访4～60个月，人／肾存活率为100％，移植肾功能良好。结论活体亲属肾移植安全可行，取左肾尽量靠近腹主动脉壁切断肾动脉，取右肾切取少许下腔静脉片。     

Histamine and tryptase modulate asthmatic airway smooth muscle GM-CSF and RANTES release.

Degranulating mast cells are increased in the airway smooth muscle (ASM) of asthmatics, where they may influence ASM function. The aim of the present study was to determine whether histamine and tryptase modulate ASM cell granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted) release and also to examine which receptors are involved in this release. Confluent, quiescent ASM cells from asthmatic and nonasthmatic donors were treated with histamine (1 microM-100 microM) with and without histamine receptor antagonist pre-treatment, or the protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 agonists tryptase (0.5-5 nM) and SLIGKV (100 and 400 microM). The cells were then stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1beta and/or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (10 ng.mL(-1)) or left unstimulated for 24 h. Release of GM-CSF and RANTES was determined by ELISA and prostaglandin (PG)E(2) measured by enzyme immunoassay. Neither histamine nor tryptase induced ASM GM-CSF or RANTES secretion. However, histamine increased IL-1beta-induced GM-CSF release and markedly reduced TNF-alpha-induced RANTES release by both asthmatic and nonasthmatic cells to a similar extent, but did not modulate PGE(2) release. All changes involved activation of the histamine H1 receptor as they were partially or fully blocked by chlorpheniramine, but not ranitidine. Tryptase, via its proteolytic activity, also potentiated GM-CSF, but not RANTES, release from asthmatic and nonasthmatic ASM cells induced by both cytokines. PAR-2 involvement in the tryptase potentiation was unlikely because SLIGKV had no effect. In conclusion, mast cells, through histamine and tryptase, may locally modulate airway smooth muscle-induced inflammation in asthma.     

合理配置资源强化应用管理提高装备效率

对卫生部、国家发展和改革委员会、财政部联合发布<大型医用设备配置与使用管理办法>的现实意义、主要特点和如何贯彻执行,进行了阐述,以期引起同行的讨论.     

内蒙古地区食管癌组织中人乳头瘤病毒的检测

目的:了解内蒙古地区HPV感染与食管癌的关系,探讨HPV在食管癌病因学中的作用.方法:应用通用引物PCR法检测食管癌标本中HPV DNA.结果:在来自内蒙古地区41例食管癌标本中,HPV DNA检出率为零.结论:内蒙古地区食管癌发生可能与HPV感染无关.     

Internal Hernias: Clinical Findings,Management, and Outcomes in 49 Nonbariatric Cases

Internal hernia, the protrusion of a viscus through a peritoneal or mesenteric aperture, is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction. We report the clinical presentation, surgical management, and outcomes of one of the largest series of nonbariatric internal hernias. Ten-year retrospective review of patients at our institution yielded 49 cases of internal hernias. Majority of patients presented with symptoms of acute (75%) or intermittent (22%) small bowel obstruction. While 16% of CT scans were suspicious for internal hernia, in no cases the preoperative diagnosis of internal hernia was made. The most frequent internal hernias were transmesenteric (57.0%) and 34 hernias (69%) were caused by previous surgery. All internal hernias were reduced and the defects were repaired. Compromised bowel was present in 22 cases and 11 patients underwent small bowel resection. The mean postoperative hospitalization was 10.9 days. The overall mortality rate from our series is 2%, and the morbidity rate is 12%. Transmesenteric hernias, as complications of previous surgeries, are the most prevalent internal hernias. Preoperative diagnosis of internal hernia is extremely difficult because of the nonspecific clinical presentation. However, if discovered promptly, internal hernias can be repaired with acceptable morbidity and mortality. Poster presentation at Digestive Disease Week, May 22, 2006, Los Angeles, California, USA.     

清开灵注射液治疗脑血管性痴呆32例

目的观察清开灵注射液治疗脑血管性痴呆的疗效.方法将中医学辨证属于实证的64例脑血管性痴呆患者随机分为治疗组(清开灵注射液组)和对照组(脑复康组),治疗5周后,将两组治疗前后在智力障碍程度、肢体功能、血液流变学指标、中医证型疗效方面的变化进行比较.结果经治疗后治疗组和对照组相比较,智力障碍程度变化(有效率、MMSE、ADL积分)、肌力、步行能力改变有显著性差异,p＜0.05.而治疗前后组内及组间血流变指标虽有一定下降,但无统计学意义(p＞0.05).结论清开灵注射液对脑血管性痴呆患者,在改善智力障碍、肌力、步行能力方面有较好的疗效.