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排序方式： 共有323条查询结果，搜索用时 93 毫秒
321.
Monica S. Badve Zien Zhou Craig S. Anderson Maree L. Hackett 《Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases》2018,27(11):3137-3147
Background
Pneumonia is a common complication after stroke which increases morbidity and mortality. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of antibiotics for the prevention of pneumonia after acute stroke.Methods
Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing preventive antibiotics to placebo or no antibiotics after acute stroke. The primary outcome was poststroke pneumonia. Secondary outcomes were all infections, urinary tract infections, death, dependency, length of hospital stay, and adverse events. Treatment effects were summarized using random effects metaanalysis.Results
Six trials (4111 patients) were eligible for inclusion. The median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score in included trials ranged from 5 to 16.5. The proportion of dysphagia ranged from 26% to 100%. Preventive antibiotics were commenced within 48hours after acute stroke. Compared to control, preventive antibiotics reduced the risk of poststroke pneumonia (RR .75, 95%CI ·.57-.99), and all infections (RR .58, 95%CI .48-.69). There was no significant difference in the risks of dependency (RR 0.99, 95%CI 0·80-1·11), or mortality (RR .96, 95%CI .78-1.19) between the preventive antibiotics and control groups. Preventive antibiotics did not increase the risk of elevated liver enzymes (RR 1.20, 95% CI .97-1.49). Preventive antibiotics had uncertain effects on the risks of other adverse events.Conclusion
Preventive antibiotics reduced the risk of post-stroke pneumonia. However, there is insufficient evidence to currently recommend routine use of preventive antibiotics after acute stroke. 相似文献322.
Edmund Y. M. Chung Sunil V. Badve Hiddo J. L. Heerspink Muh Geot Wong 《Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.)》2023,28(2):97-108
The burden of chronic kidney disease is increasing worldwide, largely due to the increasing global prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. While renin angiotensin system inhibitors and sodium-glucose cotransporter two inhibitors are the management cornerstone for reducing kidney and cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease (DKD), they are partially effective and further treatments are needed to prevent the progression to kidney failure. Endothelin receptor antagonism represent a potential additional therapeutic option due to its beneficial effect on pathophysiological processes involved in progressive kidney disease including proteinuria, which are independently associated with progression of kidney disease. This review discusses the biological mechanisms of endothelin receptor antagonists (ERA) in kidney protection, the efficacy and safety of ERA in randomised controlled trials reporting on kidney outcomes, and its potential future use in both diabetic and non-DKDs. 相似文献
323.