Crossroads between immune responses and physiological regulation: Metabolic control of resistance versus tolerance against disease

If a threat cannot be avoided, the organism has two defense options: it can try to eliminate the threatening agent or boost physiological mechanisms to tolerate the challenge and its consequences. Both strategies can be (and usually are) used at the same time. Fighting an infection, for instance, requires mounting immune responses to control pathogen burden as well as physiologic adaptations to tolerate stress and damage. Thus, the two strategies are connected and interdependent. We are starting to understand how the regulation of host metabolic physiology during disease impacts both the ability to resist pathogens’ burden and tolerate parenchymal tissue functional damage. Here, we review a number of recent publications that have begun to shed light on the physiological and immunological mechanisms that coordinate host defense and metabolic processes. In particular, we will cover the areas of energetic control, substrates utilization, and the regulatory signals that promote infectious disease tolerance.     

How Effective Is Neoadjuvant Therapy Followed by Surgery for Pathologic Single-Station N2 Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer?

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Comparison of ARIMA,ETS, NNAR,TBATS and hybrid models to forecast the second wave of COVID-19 hospitalizations in Italy

The European Journal of Health Economics - The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a severe, ongoing, novel pandemic that emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of January 21, 2021, the virus...     

Structural changes induced by thermal treatments on emptied and filled clathrates of syndiotactic polystyrene

The solvent molecules included in the clathrates (δ-form) of syndiotactic polystyrene (s-PS) are removed by suitable extraction procedures. An emptied δ-form is produced which is different from the known γ-form obtained by heating. The structural changes induced by thermal treatments on emptied and filled clathrates of s-PS, have been followed by thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. It is shown that, under suitable conditions, the emptied clathrates can be transformed into a mesomorphic form, which retains the chains in the helical conformation. This “helical” mesomorphic form, different from the previously known “planar” mesomorphic form, crystallizes by thermal treatments into the “helical” crystalline γ-form.