Association between interleukin-10 genetic polymorphisms and risk of primary open angle glaucoma in a Chinese Han population: a case-control study

AIM: To investigate the association between interleukin-10 (IL-10) genetic polymorphisms and risk of POAG through a case-control study in a Han population of China. METHODS: A total of 210 patients with POAG and 420 normal subjects were recruited during the period from Dec. 2013 to Dec. 2016. The IL-10 -1082A>G (rs1800870), -819T>C (rs1800871) and -592C>A (rs1800872) polymorphisms were determined using iPlex GOLD SNP genotyping analysis (the SequenomMassARRAY® System, Sequenom, San Diego, USA). The association between IL-10 -1082A>G (rs1800870), -819T>C (rs1800871), and -592C>A (rs1800872) polymorphisms and risk of POAG was assessed by singlelogistic regression analysis. RESULTS: We observed that those carrying the CC genotype of rs1800871 was associated with an increased risk of POAG when compared with those harboring the TT genotype (OR=1.84, 95%CI=1.01-3.38). Those with AA genotype of rs1800872 had a 10.62 fold risk of POAG in comparison to the CC genotype (OR=10.62, 95%CI, 3.41-33.09). A completely linkage disequilibrium was found between IL-10 rs1800871-rs1800872 (D’=1.00, r2=0.16). The A-C-A (OR=2.60, 95%CI, 1.48-4.58) and G-T-A (OR=2.34, 95%CI, 1.42-3.86) haplotypes were associated with an increased risk of POAG, while the A-T-C haplotype showed a decreased risk of POAG (OR=0.63, 95%CI, 0.49-0.81). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that IL-10 rs1800871 and rs1800872 can be predictive factors for the pathogenesis of POAG in the Chinese population.     

Epidemiologic Correlation and Drug Resistance Analysis of Pathogenic Bacteria in Different Open Limb Injury External Conditions

ObjectiveTo study the epidemiological correlation and drug resistance of external factors of infection caused by open injury of limbs to pathogens.MethodsThis experiment is a retrospective study. We took the geographical location and climate of Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China as the background, analyzed 2017 strains of pathogens from 1589 patients with limb trauma infection in a University Affiliated Hospital from 2012 to 2017. Patients were divided into three groups according to the type of incision: I, In‐hospital infection of clean limb incision, II, In‐hospital infection with open injury, III, Community infection with open injury of the limb. Groups II and Groups III were divided into six subgroups according to the causes of trauma, including: accidents from non‐motor vehicles, machinery, cutting/piercing, pedestrian injuries, struck by/against, pedal cycles, and other injuries. We found eight common pathogens of orthopedic infection, which were mainly divided into Gram‐positive bacteria (G+, mainly including Staphylococcus) and Gram‐negative bacteria (G‐, mainly Enterobacteriaceae). The relationship between main pathogens and damage mechanism, apparent temperature and relative humidity was discussed in this study. SPSS v22.0 was used for statistical analysis of the data. Friedman''s two‐way ANOVA was used to analyze the difference between the injury mechanism and incidence of pathogenic bacteria. Linear regression was used to determine the trend between the incidence of major pathogens and seasonal temperature and humidity. The level of significance was set as P < 0.05.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the distribution of pathogens between Groups II and Groups III (P>0.05). The drug resistance of Groups III was significantly higher than that of Groups II and Groups I. G+ bacteria were resistant to cephalosporin, ceftriaxone and other cephalosporins and erythromycin and other macrolides. They were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. G‐ were resistant to the first‐ and the second‐generation cephalosporins, including cefotetan and cefazolin, and ampicillin and other penicillins, while they were sensitive to third‐generation cephalosporins, such as ceftazidime, as well as to levofloxacin and other quinolones, meropenem, and other beta‐lactamases. The correlation between the injury mechanism and infection of pathogenic bacteria was not significant. The monthly average apparent temperature and relative humidity were correlated with the infection rate of pathogenic bacteria.ConclusionIn open injury of extremities, apparent temperature and relative humidity is an important risk factor for infection by pathogenic bacteria and the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in out‐of‐hospital infection was lower than that of hospital infection.     

Transnasal Endoscopic and Transoral Approaches in the Biopsies of Ventral Atlas and Axis Vertebrae: A Comprehensive Retrospective Study for Preprocedural Scheme,Biopsy Procedure,Core Technique Analysis,Diagnostic Yield and Clinical Outcome

ObjectiveThis study aims to describe and analyze the transoral and transnasal approaches for pathologies of the ventral atlas and axis vertebrae, which are considered technically challenging regions for diagnostic biopsy.MethodsA series of transnasal endoscopic approach (TNA) and transoral approach (TOA) biopsies for the pathologies of the first and second cervical vertebrae were conducted and retrospectively analyzed from July 2014 to May 2021. The depth of the biopsy trajectory was measured on computed tomography images for all nine patients (eight males and one female with an average age of 58.11 ± 11.60 years), as were the coronal, sagittal, and vertical biopsy safe ranges. The characteristics of each lesion, including radiographic features, blood supply, and destruction of anterior or posterior vertebral body edges, were evaluated to guide the biopsy. Four biopsy core techniques (BCTs), including “lesion perforating”, “aspiration”, “cutting‐and‐scraping” and “biopsy forceps utilization” were elaborated in this study. The biopsy procedures and periprocedural precautions were demonstrated. Patient demographics, clinical data, lesion characteristics, diagnostic yield, and complications were recorded for each case.ResultsEight TOA biopsies for the axis vertebral body and one TNA biopsy for the atlas anterior arch were successfully performed and yielded adequate pathologies. All biopsies were organized based on the preprocedural radiographic measurements, which showed that the average length of biopsy trajectory and coronal, sagittal, and vertical safe biopsy ranges were 85.00 ± 5.88, 20.63 ± 4.75, 16.25 ± 1.49, and 24.63 ± 2.26 mm, respectively, and these corresponding data were 95, 36, 9, and 26 mm in the TNA patient. Six osteolytic lesions (66.7%), one osteoblastic lesion (11.1%), and two mixed lesions (22.2%) were observed, among which seven lesions had a rich blood supply. Biopsy forceps and core needles were utilized to obtain samples in six and three patients, respectively. All the TNA and TOA biopsies were performed with cooperative application of multiple BCTs under compound anatomic and stereotactic navigations. Intraprocedural or postprocedural complications occurred in no patients who underwent the biopsy in the follow‐up period (1–39 months). No significant differences were found between the preprocedural and postprocedural blood indexes and visual analogue scale scores.ConclusionWith a sophisticated preprocedural arrangement, cooperative application of BCTs, and careful periprocedural precautions, transnasal endoscopic and transoral biopsies are two feasible, efficient, and well‐tolerated procedures that achieve satisfactory diagnostic yield, complication rate, and clinical outcome.     

A systematic review of the efficacy of donepezil hydrochloride combined with nimodipine on treating vascular dementia

Background:Vascular dementia (VaD) is a comprehensive syndrome related to the damage of cognitive function and various cerebral vascular illnesses. VaD is also generally recognized as the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer disease, contributing to 30% of the dementia population in Asia and developing countries. The ability of donepezil hydrochloride and nimodipine had been respectively proven in improving cognitive function in vascular dementia. However, whether the combined application of both drugs contribute to better efficacy remains as a research hotspot. Studies had shown definite satisfactory result with such combination, however evidence-based evaluation of the efficacy is still lacking. Therefore, meta-analysis is employed in this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using donepezil hydrochloride combined with nimodipine in treating VaD to provide references for clinical treatments. The efficacy of donepezil hydrochloride combined with nimodipine on treating vascular dementia is systematically reviewed to provide evidence-based references for clinical applications.Methods:Both Chinese and English databases were searched from the start till August, 2020 for any RCT regarding the combined use of the 2 drugs in treating vascular dementia. Two investigators would later evaluate and screened out research and data based on an improved Jaded scale. Software Rev Man 5.3.0 was employed to carry out meta-analysis on clinical effificacy, mini-mental state examination (MMSE) ratings, activity of daily living (ADL) ratings, and clinical dementia scale (CDR) ratings.Results:Donepezil hydrochloride combined with nimodipine had demonstrated satisfactory efficacy on the treatment of vascular dementia. Improvements were namely spotted on MMSE scale, ADL scale, and CDR scale, with the utmost efficacy by 12 weeks after intervention.Conclusions:Donepezil hydrochloride combined with nimodipine had good efficacy in the treatment of patients with vascular dementia, mainly in terms of improving the Simple MMSE scores, the ability to use daily living scale (ADL) scores and the CDR, and the best results were obtained after 12 weeks of intervention. Such conclusion should be cautiously evaluated.     

养老机构老年人衰弱状况对生活质量影响的作用路径

目的:探讨养老机构老年人衰弱对生活质量影响的作用路径。方法:采用便利抽样法选取四川省成都市8所养老机构中符合纳入与排除标准的436名老年人作为调查对象,于2019年8月—12月应用一般资料调查表、衰弱表型(FP)、微型营养评定量表简表(MNA-SF)、日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)、社会支持评估量表(SSRS)、中文版健康调查量表(SF-36)对老年人进行调查。结果:养老机构436名老年人衰弱发生率为58.0%。非衰弱、衰弱老年人MNA-SF得分、ADL总分及各维度、SSRS总分及对支持的利用度维度、SF-36各维度得分比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结构方程模型分析显示:老年人衰弱对生活质量的总效应为-10.326(P<0.001),直接效应为-4.215(P<0.001),通过营养状态、日常生活活动能力、社会支持对生活质量的间接效应为-6.111(P<0.001),间接效应占总效应的59.2%。结论:养老机构老年人衰弱的发生率高,衰弱既可直接影响老年人生活质量,亦可通过营养状态、日常生活活动能力、社会支持间接作用于生活质量。应重视对养老机构老年人衰弱...     

不同程度近视患者行SMILE术后的有效光学区及角膜高阶像差比较

目的：比较低、中、高度近视患者行飞秒激光小切口基质透镜取出术(SMILE)后的有效光学区和角膜高阶像差。

方法：收集2019-02/2021-02在我院行SMILE手术的患者134例,均取右眼入组,按等效球镜度(SE)分为低度近视组SE>-3.00 D,中度近视组-6.00 D结果：SMILE术后1 mo,三组术后有效光学区均小于预设光学区,随着屈光度数增加,有效光学区越小(P<0.05); 术后1 mo角膜总高阶像差、球差、彗差均高于术前,除低近视度组球差术前与术后1 mo无差异(P>0.05),其余组别均有差异(P<0.05); 角膜总高阶像差、球差和彗差随着屈光度数增加而增加,三组角膜总高阶像差和球差有差异(均P<0.05),高度近视组与中度近视组、低度近视组彗差结果均有差异(P<0.05),中度近视组与低度近视组彗差结果无差异(P>0.05)。

结论：随着手术矫正的屈光度数增加,术后有效光学区减少越多,角膜高阶像差增加越明显; SMILE术后1 mo角膜高阶像差较术前增加。     

缺氧诱导因子HIF-1α、3α在血管瘤不同时期的表达和意义

目的 探讨缺氧在血管瘤不同时期的表达和作用.方法 采用免疫组化SP法测定24例增生期血管瘤和18例消退期血管瘤中缺氧染色阳性率,HIF-1α、HIF-3α、VEGF、Ki-67和细胞凋亡表达情况.结果 24例增生期血管瘤中缺氧染色阳性率为80%(19/24),HIF-1α阳性指数为(23.40±4.73)、HIF-3α为(7.90±2.15)、VEGF为(16.90±3.34)、Ki-67为(57.60±11.33)、细胞凋亡指数为(4.50±1.51);而消退期血管瘤中缺氧染色阳性率为90%(16/18),HIF-1α为(9.50±2.67)、HIF-3α为(19.80±2.43)、VEGF为(2.70±0.32)、Ki-67为(11.20±2.65)、细胞凋亡指数为(11.40±2.67).不同时期血管瘤表达的HIF-1α、HIF-3α、VEGF、Ki-67、细胞凋亡指数均有显著性差别(P＜0.05).结论 缺氧是血管瘤不同时期的普遍现象,但对增殖期血管瘤的作用是通过HIF-1α促进内皮细胞繁殖,而对消退期血管瘤是通过HIF-3α促进其凋亡.     

基于金磁微粒标记技术的可目视化蛋白质芯片检测方法的建立

目的：应用金磁微粒标记蛋白质技术,建立可目视化蛋白质芯片检测体系,比较金磁微粒和胶体金标记蛋白质技术应用于蛋白质芯片检测效果的优劣。方法：将人IgG点制于环氧基修饰的玻片上,分别与金磁微粒和胶体金标记的羊抗人IgG温育,银染显色,肉眼观察并用普通扫描仪记录结果。结果：基于金磁微粒的蛋白质芯片人IgG最佳点样浓度为0．2mg／ml,37℃温育2h,银染10～15min,检测结果信噪比高;基于胶体金的蛋白质芯片人IgG最佳点样浓度为0．1mg／ml,37℃温育1h,银染15～20min．检测结果信噪比高。结论：金磁微粒标记蛋白质技术应用于蛋白质芯片的检测,具有和胶体金一致的可目视化检测效果。且其标记技术简单,标记的蛋白质可定量。     

空腹血糖正常化的临床意义及临床对策

<正>糖尿病是危害人类生命健康的常见病和多发病,其预防和治疗日益受到重视。对于糖尿病进行药物干预需要考虑:什么人群需要进行药物干预?什么时候开始进行药物干预?应用何种药物干预?干预要进行多久?卫生经济学效益比如何?等等,这些都是未来的二三十年我们将面临的巨大挑战和艰巨任务。