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91.
High protein vs high carbohydrate hypoenergetic diet for the treatment of obese hyperinsulinemic subjects 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Baba NH Sawaya S Torbay N Habbal Z Azar S Hashim SA 《International journal of obesity (2005)》1999,23(11):1202-1206
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemic obese subjects would respond differently to changes in the composition of hypoenergetic diets. DESIGN: A 4-week randomized dietary intervention trial. SUBJECTS: Thirteen male obese hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic subjects were divided into two groups and fed hypoenergetic diets providing 80% of their resting energy expenditure (REE). One group received a high-protein diet (HP; 45% protein, 25% carbohydrates, and 30% fat as percent of dietary energy) and the other a high-carbohydrate diet (HC; 12% protein, 58% carbohydrates and 30% fat). MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometry, body composition, fasting serum insulin and lipids, and REE were performed before and after the feeding period. RESULTS: Weight loss was higher in the HP than HC group (8.3+/-0.7 vs 6.0+/-0.6 kg, P<0. 05). There was a decrease in body fat in both groups, whereas body water decreased significantly more in the HP group. REE decreased more in the HC than the HP group (-384.3+/-84.6 vs -132.3+/-51.0 kcal, P<0.05). Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol decreased significantly to a similar extent in both diet groups, while HDL cholesterol was decreased significantly only in the HP group. Mean fasting insulin decreased significantly in both diet groups and reached the normal range only in the HP group. CONCLUSION: A low-carbohydrate (LC), HP hypoenergetic diet could be the diet composition of choice for a weight-reducing regimen in obese hyperinsulinemic subjects. 相似文献
92.
PURPOSE: To report the use of ultrasound biomicroscopy in the diagnosis and management of limbal dermoid. METHOD: We used ultrasound biomicroscopy to examine an 18-month-old Asian girl with a congenital limbal mass with corneal extension. A biopsy of the mass was obtained. RESULTS: Clinical examination, ultrasound biomicroscopy, and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of limbal dermoid. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound biomicroscopy may serve as a useful diagnostic adjunct for limbal dermoids. Additionally, it may be helpful in delineating the extent of these lesions. 相似文献
93.
94.
A comparison of methods of analysing exercise tests for diagnosis of coronary artery disease 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J W Deckers B J Rensing J G Tijssen R V Vinke A J Azar M L Simoons 《British heart journal》1989,62(6):438-444
The diagnostic accuracy of the following methods of analysing exercise tests were evaluated: (a) the cumulative area of ST segment depression during exercise normalised for workload and heart rate (exercise score); (b) discriminant analysis of electrocardiographic exercise variables, workload, and symptoms; and (c) ST segment amplitude changes during exercise adjusted for heart rate. Three hundred and forty five men without a history of myocardial infarction were studied. One hundred and twenty three were apparently healthy. Less than half (170) had coronary artery disease. All had a normal electrocardiogram at rest. A Frank lead electrocardiogram was computer processed during symptom limited bicycle ergometry. The accuracy of the exercise score (a) was low (sensitivity 67%, specificity 90%). Discriminant analysis (b) and ST segment amplitude changes adjusted for heart rate (c) had excellent diagnostic characteristics (sensitivity 80%, specificity 90%), which were little affected by concomitant use of beta blockers. Both methods seem well suited for diagnostic application in clinical practice. 相似文献
95.
96.
Michael A. Cucciare Heather Gray Armin Azar Daniel Jimenez Dolores Gallagher-Thompson 《Aging & mental health》2010,14(3):274-282
Objectives: The present study examined the relationship between self-reported physical health, depressive symptoms, and the occurrence of depression diagnosis in Hispanic female dementia caregivers. Participants: Participants were 89 Hispanic female dementia caregivers. Design: This study used a cross-sectional design. Baseline depression and physical health data were collected from participants enrolled in the ‘Reducing Stress in Hispanic Anglo Dementia Caregivers’ study sponsored by the National Institute on Aging. Measurements: Physical health was assessed using the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 (SF-36), a one-item self-report health rating, body mass index, and the presence or history of self-reported physical illness. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale (CES-D). The occurrence of depression diagnosis was assessed using the Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID). Analysis: Multiple linear and logistic regression analysis was used to examine the extent to which indices of physical health and depressive symptoms accounted for variance in participants’ depressive symptoms and depressive diagnoses. Results. Self-reported indices of health (e.g., SF-36) accounted for a significant portion of variance in both CES-D scores and SCID diagnoses. Caregivers who reported worsened health tended to report increased symptoms of depression on the CES-D and increased likelihood of an SCID diagnosis of a depressive disorder. Conclusion. Self-reported health indices are helpful in identifying Hispanic dementia caregivers at risk for clinical levels of depression. 相似文献
97.
Activities of a nitrofurazone-containing urinary catheter and a silver hydrogel catheter against multidrug-resistant bacteria characteristic of catheter-associated urinary tract infection 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
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The in vitro inhibitory activity of a nitrofurazone-coated urinary catheter (NFC) against 86 recently obtained susceptible and multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and Enterococcus faecium, which are species implicated in catheter-associated urinary tract infection and which traditionally have been susceptible to nitrofuran derivatives, was determined using an agar diffusion assay. In a subset of these strains, the activity of the NFC was compared with that of a silver hydrogel urinary catheter (SHC), and the durability of each catheter's inhibitory activity was assessed during serial daily transfers of catheter segments to fresh culture plates. Except for vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, the NFC was active against all isolates tested and showed comparable inhibition zones with susceptible and MDR strains of each species. In contrast, the SHC inhibited only certain staphylococci (P < 0.01 versus the NFC), and among these strains, the SHC produced smaller inhibition zones than did the NFC (P < 0.01). Inhibition was evident for up to 5 days with the NFC, but for only 1 day (if at all) with the SHC (P < 0.01). These data document that, for most genera which traditionally have been susceptible to nitrofuran derivatives, the NFC remains active against contemporary MDR isolates. They also demonstrate that the in vitro antibacterial activity of the NFC is markedly superior to that of the SHC in several respects. Thus, the NFC shows promise for clinical use in the current era of MDR bacteria. 相似文献
98.
Armando Arredondo Emanuel Orozco Maria Beatriz Duarte Magali Cuadra Ana Lucía Recaman Alejandra Azar 《Global public health》2019,14(2):227-240
The epidemiological and economic burden of diabetes poses one of the main challenges for health systems worldwide. This is particularly relevant in middle-income countries because of the constant growing trends that have been observed in recent years. In order to identify trends and challenges on epidemiological and economic burden from diabetes in a middle-income country we developed a longitudinal analysis on costs and trends in the number of cases of diabetes in Mexico. The study population included total annual cases of diabetes at national level. Regarding the annual cumulative incidence for 2016 versus 2018, depending on the institution there is an increase of 9–13% (p?0.001). Comparing the economic burden from incidence in 2016 versus 2018 (p?0.05), there is a 26% increase. The total amount for diabetes in 2017 (US dollars) was $9,684,780,574. It includes $ 4,292,085,964 in direct costs and $ 5,392,694,610 in indirect costs. The total direct costs are: $ 510,986,406 for uninsured population; $ 1,416,132,058 for insured population; $ 2,235,969,330 for users’ pockets. This is an example of what is happening in the management of diabetes care in middle-income countries and we suggest review and rethinking strategies of prevention, planning, organisation and resource allocation. 相似文献
99.
100.
Jody Sharp Toni Azar David Lawson 《Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science》2005,44(2):32-40
To determine whether a nonsocial enrichment program affects cardiovascular responses of individually housed male Sprague-Dawley (SD) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats under basal conditions and after potentially stressful procedures, we used radiotelemetry to record heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and activity in the cage. Enrichment comprised a simulated burrow (Rodent Retreat), then a food foraging item ("rat cannoli") 2 days later, and a paper bag of bedding for shredding (Nestpak) after another 2 days. Data were collected under undisturbed conditions and before and after several acute and chronic manipulations mimicking common husbandry, experimental, and stressful procedures. Enrichment often, but not always, reduced HR and SBP in male rats, suggesting decreased arousal and stress, and the effects depended on the parameter measured, strain of rat, and nature of the procedure to which animals were exposed. In general, HR varied more than SBP; enrichment affected SH rats more than SD rats; effects of enrichment were more consistently observed under undisturbed conditions than after manipulations of the rats; moderate responses to acute husbandry and experimental procedures were affected more than the larger changes produced by very stressful procedures; and responses to social interactions were unaffected by the enrichment program. What accounts for these variable effects of enrichment is unclear, and more studies are required to resolve the mechanisms. Whether this enrichment program should be used in an animal facility depends on several factors, particularly the professional judgment of the research, veterinary, and animal care staffs involved. 相似文献