Comparison of postoperative refractive outcome in eyes undergoing combined phacovitrectomy vs cataract surgery following vitrectomy

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - To investigate the accuracy of preoperative biometry in eyes undergoing combined phacovitrectomy and to compare it with eyes...     

Association of MMP‐1 ‐1607 1G/2G (rs1799750) polymorphism with primary knee osteoarthritis in the Greek population

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis with still unknown pathogenic etiology and considerable contribution of genetic factors. One of the mechanisms of cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis is enzymatic proteolysis of the extracellular matrix by metalloproteinases. MMP‐1, produced by chondrocytes and synovial cells, is a major proteinase of the MMPs family. The present study aims at evaluating the association of MMP1 gene ‐1607 1G/2G (rs1799750) polymorphism with primary knee osteoarthritis in the Greek population. One hundred fifty five patients with primary symptomatic knee osteoarthritis participated in the study along with 139 controls. Genotypes were determined using PCR—RLFP technique. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were compared between both study groups. There was no significant association between MMP1 ‐1607 1G/2G polymorphism and knee osteoarthritis, in crude analysis; however, after multiple logistic regression analysis, 1G/2G was associated with reduced odds of knee osteoarthritis by 75% in males, compared to genotypes 1G/1G + 2G/2G, adjusting for age and BMI (adjusted OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.069, 0.910, p = 0.035). The present study shows that MMP1 ‐1607 1G/2G (rs1799750) polymorphism might be a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis susceptibility in the Greek population. Further investigations are needed to confirm this association in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:1155–1160, 2014.

     

Modifiable factors affecting inpatient violence in an acute child and adolescent psychiatric unit: A 16‐year retrospective study

Violent incidents in acute inpatient units for children and adolescents are a major and persistent problem. The demographic, clinical, and modifiable (environmental–organizational) risk factors that affect inpatient violence in an Acute Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Unit were investigated via a retrospective study. Data were collected from nursing and medical reports and the unit's census and included 100 days per year for 16 years. Incidents of violence and assault types were recorded, and variables such as the diagnostic category of assailants, total number of patients, and staffing factors during the incident were examined. Of the 2390 violent incidents recorded, 50% were attributed to cases of physical violence towards another patient, 17% to physical violence towards nursing staff, 19% to physical violence towards self and 14% to destruction of property. According to the final multivariable model, for each additional patient in the unit, the risk of a violent event increased by 9.51%; for each additional offender patient, the risk increased by 14.06%; the number of assistant nurses was associated with a 25.03% increased risk; and, after 2006, the risk increased by 68.99%. The most significant factor associated with a 59.98% decreased risk was the total number of nursing staff. All variables significantly and independently contributed to the model. Acute inpatient psychiatric units with a small number of hospitalized patients, adequate, well‐trained and specialized nursing staff, and the hospitalization of different types of patients in separate wards or units are expected to facilitate a reduction in the frequency of violent incidents.     

Sexual dysfunction: the 'prima ballerina' of hypertension-related quality-of-life complications

Sexual dysfunction is currently considered a serious quality-of-life-related health problem, exerting a major impact on patients' and their sexual partners' life. Available data indicate that essential hypertension is a risk factor for sexual dysfunction, as male and female sexual dysfunction is more prevalent in hypertensive patients than normotensive individuals. Several mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of sexual dysfunction in hypertensive patients, and major determinants include severity and duration of hypertension, age, and antihypertensive therapy. Female sexual dysfunction, although more frequent than its male counterpart, remains largely under-recognized. Older antihypertensive drugs (diuretics, beta-blockers, centrally acting) exert negative results, whereas newer drugs have either neutral (calcium antagonists, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) or beneficial effects (angiotensin receptor blockers). Erectile dysfunction is related to ischemic heart disease and might be an 'early therapeutic window' of asymptomatic coronary artery disease. It seems of utmost importance for every physician treating hypertensive patients to become familiar with sexual dysfunction (through better education and specific seminars) for the proper management of these patients.     

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in cavernomatous portal vein occlusion

A 72-year-old patient with liver cirrhosis and cavernomatous portal vein occlusion presented with refractory ascites. We treated the patient with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: transjugular transhepatic puncture of an intrahepatic hilar collateral vein was performed; transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt was created between the right hepatic vein and the patent superior mesenteric vein using this hilar collateral vein as the connecting pathway. The ascites was resolved and the patient remains asymptomatic, while shunt patency is maintained 16 months after the intervention.     

Continuous absence of metaphase-defined cytogenetic abnormalities,especially of chromosome 13 and hypodiploidy,ensures long-term survival in multiple myeloma treated with Total Therapy I: interpretation in the context of global gene expression

Metaphase cytogenetic abnormalities (CAs), especially of chromosome 13 (CA 13), confer a grave prognosis in multiple myeloma even with tandem autotransplantations as applied in Total Therapy I, which enrolled 231 patients between 1989 and 1994. With a median follow-up of almost 9 years, the prognostic implications of all individual CAs, detected prior to treatment and at relapse, were investigated. Among all CAs and standard prognostic factors examined prior to therapy, only hypodiploidy and CA 13 (hypo-13 CA), alone or in combination, were associated with shortest event-free survival and overall survival (OS). The shortest postrelapse OS was observed with hypo-13 CA, which was newly detected in 18 of all 28 patients presenting with this abnormality at relapse. Superior prognosis was associated with the absence of any CA at both diagnosis and relapse (10-year OS, 40%). The lack of independent prognostic implications of other CAs points to a uniquely aggressive behavior of hypo-13 CA (present in 16% of patients at diagnosis). With the use of microarray data in 146 patients enrolled in Total Therapy II, overexpression of cell cycle genes distinguished CA from no CA, especially in cases of del(13) detected by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH 13, resulting in a haploinsufficiency of RB1 and other genes mapping to chromosome 13, as well as activation of IGF1R, appears to have an amplifying effect on cell cycle gene expression, thus providing a molecular explanation for the dire outcome of patients with CA 13 compared with those with other CAs.