Cutaneous atypical papular CD8+ lymphoproliferative disorder at acral sites in a renal transplant patient

A 20‐year‐old woman presented with a 2‐month history of an acute symmetrical eruption, manifesting as asymptomatic ill‐defined erythematous macules and hyperkeratotic papules on the palms. The patient was a renal transplant recipient, and the lesions had developed 2 months post‐transplantation. Histologically, the eruption shared features of a reactive inflammatory condition called papular eruption of atypical CD8+ lymphocytes as well as primary cutaneous acral CD8+ T‐cell lymphoma (a provisional indolent entity in the new World Health Organisation classification of lymphoid neoplasms, 2016). The latter disorder has been described to occur at acral sites in immunocompetent patients, whereas the former has previously been described only in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. The lesions in our patient healed after topical treatment with corticosteroids and alteration of immunosuppressive therapy, supporting the role of immunosuppression in this case. We classified our patient's condition as lying in the spectrum of the aforementioned two conditions, but the relationship between both diseases remains to be clarified. Awareness of these unusual conditions may prevent the use of unnecessary aggressive therapies in similar patients.     

Epidermoid tumor of the occipital bone

Intradiploic epidermoid-tumor of the occipital bone was presented. There were neither intracranial extensions nor neurologic deficits. The lesion started as a painless mass under the scalp.The total removal of the tumor was associated with a good prognosis.     

Intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms

Six patients with intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms (ICCAAns) were seen at our department from 1998 to 2002. All patients had only one intracranial aneurysm and their ages at diagnosis ranged from 36 to 72 years (median 56). Five were women and four had a history of hypertension. One patient was pregnant. All of the ICCAAns were symptomatic at diagnosis. Duration of symptoms was 2–30 days. On admission to our department, initial symptom was headache in four patients, visual loss in two, eye pain in one, third nerve paresis in two and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in one. Spontaneous thrombosis was present in two patients. All of the ICCAAns were saccular. Computed tomography (CT) was superior when compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosis of ICCAAns on admission. Angiography remains the gold standard for diagnosis and determination of specific anatomical details, which are necessary to plan treatment.     

Diagnosis and Treatment of Renal Hydatid Disease: Presentation of Four Cases

Hydatid disease of the urinary tract is uncommon, accounting for only 2% to 3% of all hydatid diseases. We report 4 patients with hydatid cystic disease of the kidney. Nephrectomy was performed on 1 patient because of the destruction of renal parenchyma by the hydatid cyst. The other 3 patients were treated by cystectomy to preserve the normal renal parenchyma. In these cases, Casoni's intradermal test and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test were not found to be helpful in the diagnosis, and eosinophilia was not significant. Diagnostic features of hydatid cysts were mixed echogenicity on ultrasonography, and multivesicular cyst with mixed density on computerized tomography (CT). CT was the most useful and specific investigation. No complications were noted during the first 3 months of the follow-up. Despite its rarity, hydatid disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of space-occupying lesions of the urinary tract. Parenchyma-sparing surgery (cystectomy, partial nephrectomy) or nephrectomy are the main treatment modalities.     

Giant cystic primary cerebral neuroblastoma in a child and solid primary cerebral neuroblastoma in an adult: two case reports.

Primary cerebral neuroblastoma is a rare entity in neurosurgical practice. They occur primarily in young children and are extremely rare in adults. Primary cerebral neuroblastoma is one of a group of highly malignant undifferentiated primitive neuroectodermal tumours arising from germinal matrix cells of the embryonic neural tube. They are difficult to diagnose preoperatively and pathologically. We present two cases of primary cerebral neuroblastoma.     

Spontaneous thrombosis of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation after ventriculoperitoneal shunting.

Aneurysmal dilatation of the vein of Galen (AVG) is a common finding in vascular malformations that involve the Galenic system and spontaneous thrombosis is very rare. Although the presentation of the cases may differ with the age, the mortality and morbidity is high in all age groups. Here, we present a case of AVG in a six-month-old boy. The patient underwent insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Surveillance of the lesion with subsequent MRI revealed spontaneous thrombosis of the AVG with excellent clinical outcome. Proposed mechanisms of spontaneous thrombosis include slow flow shunts, obstruction of the venous outflow or obstruction of the feeding artery. The case is discussed with the relevant literature.     

Central corneal thickness in patients with meibomian gland dysfunctiona

Purpose: The aim was to evaluate central corneal thickness in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction. Methods: The study group was made up of 40 eyes of 20 patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (mean age, 40.55 ± 10.7 years). Forty eyes of 20 healthy individuals (mean age, 39.25 ± 11.1 years) without any ophthalmic or systemic pathology were used as a control group. The central corneal thickness was measured with ultrasonic pachymetry. Results: The mean central corneal thickness was 541.45 ± 24.68 µm in the study group and 544.30 ± 22.16 µm in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean central corneal thickness measurements in the meibomian gland dysfunction group in comparison with the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Central corneal thickness measurements do not differ in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction compared with healthy control subjects.