胸腔镜下前路松解结合后路矫形治疗Scheuermann病后凸畸形

目的探讨胸腔镜下前路松解结合后路矫形治疗Scheuermann病后凸畸形的效果。方法对16例Scheuermann病后凸畸形患者在胸腔镜下行前路松解、椎间盘摘除、植骨融合,结合后路矫形内固定。手术前后及随访期间测量后凸畸形Cobb角,了解后凸畸形矫正情况。评定术前及术后Oswestry功能障碍指数,了解背部疼痛缓解情况。结果16例后凸畸形患者均获得满意矫形,术前Cobb角平均788°(70°～92°),术后平均405°(36°～47°),最后一次随访平均417°(36°～50°)。患者背部疼痛症状明显改善,Oswestry功能障碍指数术前平均373(0～72),术后平均64(0～30)。结论胸腔镜下前路松解结合后路矫形是一种较好的治疗Scheuermann病后凸畸形的手术方法。     

Gamma knife radiosurgery for cranial neurocytomas

MGMT promoter hypermethylation of aggressive pituitary adenomas and pituitary carcinomas and low protein expression are implicated in improved response to treatment with temozolomide (TMZ). The aim of the present study was to investigate MGMT promoter methylation and immunoexpression in an aggressive subset of pituitary adenomas and carcinomas. Our material consisted of 12 silent subtype 3 (SS3) adenomas, 10 primary carcinomas, and 4 disseminated metastases. Two different tissue samples of 7 of the 12 SS3 adenomas and all carcinomas were analyzed for MGMT promoter methylation and immunohistochemical expression of MGMT. Immunoexpression was assessed semi-quantitatively as a percentage of immunoreactive nuclei. Overall 33% of carcinomas exhibited homogenous MGMT methylation in tumor and metastatic specimens. Low immunohistochemical MGMT expression was noted in 50% of carcinomas. Overall, 42% of the SS3 adenomas exhibited MGMT promoter methylation. MGMT immunostaining was predominantly negative (92%), with homogenous immunostaining results across different samples. Whereas all the methylated SS3 adenomas had low MGMT immunoreactivity, five unmethylated adenomas exhibited absent/low MGMT expression. There was no relationship between methylation status and MGMT immunoexpression was not apparent. MGMT methylation and low immunohistochemical expression seen in a subset of carcinomas and SS3 adenomas, suggesting that a subset of tumors may respond to treatment with TMZ. Heterogeneous MGMT methylation status in SS3 adenomas and the lack of concordance between methylation and immunohistochemical expression of MGMT suggest complex regulatory mechanisms, highlighting the need for improved methods in the research on a correlation between MGMT changes and response to TMZ.     

Implant stability and peri-implant parameters in free vascularized iliac graft transplantation patients: report of three ameloblastoma cases

Background: Ameloblastoma, a benign but locally aggressive tumor, accounts for 9% to 11% of all odontogenic tumors. Radical procedures, including resection, are performed. To restore functions after resection, free vascularized iliac grafts followed by a dental implant–supported prosthesis are used as a successful treatment option. The aim of this case report is to evaluate the peri‐implant clinical status and stability of dental implants placed in patients with advanced‐stage mandibular ameloblastomas. Methods: Examinations of three patients revealed extensive ameloblastomas, and hemimandibulectomies were performed. Six months after surgeries, two to four dental implants were placed. After 6 months of healing, one fixed prosthesis and two removable prostheses were delivered. The stability of implants was evaluated at the surgical baseline and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after surgery by resonance‐frequency (RF) analysis. Peri‐implant clinical parameters (i.e., plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], gingival bleeding time index [GBTI], and peri‐implant probing depth [PD]) were recorded at the delivery of the prosthesis and at follow‐ups at 1, 3, and 6 months. Results: Nine implants that supported one removable prosthesis and two fixed prostheses were placed. RF analysis revealed no significant changes in implant stability during 12 months of follow‐up. Peri‐implant clinical parameters (PI, GI, and GBTI) showed slight improvements during follow‐up. Although advancements were observed in 6 months, PDs were found to be deeper than optimal measurements for the whole observation time. Conclusion: The implant‐supported prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with ameloblastomas reconstructed with free vascularized iliac crest grafts can be a predictive alternative for improving the quality of life of patients in which a high implant stability and acceptable peri‐implant health may be achieved.     

Rapidly Progressing Malignant Insulinoma Presented with Multiple Liver Metastases: A Case Report

Introduction

A 51-year-old female was admitted to emergency unit with sudden loss of consciousness. Her blood glucose level from fingertip was 33 mg/dl, and insulin level was 55 (normal range, 4–17 IU). Abdominal ultrasonography revealed pancreatic mass with diffuse liver metastases. Biopsy of liver metastases showed differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Methods and Results

Diazoxide and chemotherapy stabilized her glucose level for more than 4 months. However, the disease showed progression, and death occurred 8 months later.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this case may suggest that biologic behavior may differ from histological behavior in insulinoma and platin-based systemic chemotherapy may provide some benefit in patients those who had diazoxide- and octreotide-resistant tumors.     

Antitumoral effects of Melissa officinalis on breast cancer in vitro and in vivo

Background: There is a long standing interest in the identification of medicinal plants and derived naturalproducts for developing cancer therapeutics. Here we investigated the antiproliferative properties of Melissaofficinalis (MO) from Turkey on breast cancer. Methods: MO extracts were studied for cytotoxicity againstbreast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231). In vitro apoptosis studies were performedby annexin V staining and flow cytometry analyses. Immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 and caspase 7 in thetumoral tissue sections of DMBA-induced mammary tumors in rats was also performed, along with TUNELassays to detect apoptotic cells. In vivo anticancer activity testing was carried out with reference to inhibitionof growth of DMBA induced mammary tumors in rats. Results: MO showed cytotoxicity against three cancercell lines, inducing increase in Annexin-positive cells. Expression of caspase-7 protein and TUNEL positive cellswere much higher in rats treated by MO, compared with the untreated control group, while expression of Ki-67was decreased. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that mean tumor volume inhibition ratio in MO treatedgroup was 40% compared with the untreated rats. Conclusion: These results indicated that MO extrcts haveantitumoral potential against breast cancer.     

Prevalence and risk factors for human papillomavirus DNA in cervical cytology

Objectives

This study aimed to detect the presence and prevalence of HPV-DNA in the cervical swab samples obtained from patients with cervical cancer, premalignant cervical lesions and benign cervical smear results, and to identify the potential risk factors influencing this prevalence.

Study design

Smear preparations were examined and classified according to the Bethesda system. HPV-DNA detection and genotyping was carried out using polymerase chain reaction combined with reverse hybridization line-probe assays. Age, smoking habit, age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, number of term births, contraceptive method, progesterone therapy, history of sexually transmitted diseases, history or existence of warts, existence of cervical infection and the history of circumcision of male sexual partners were recorded.

Results

Six hundred and forty-two women (96 women with abnormal cervical cytology and 546 women with normal cytology) provided cervical samples. Multiplex PCR testing revealed that prevalence of HPV-DNA was 38.9% in our study population. HPV-DNA was detected in 78.3% of the women with cervical cancer and 76.9% of the women with HGSIL. Abnormal cervical cytology was observed in 30% of HPV-DNA positive cases and in 5.4% of HPV-DNA negative cases. Our findings also indicate that smoking habit, number of sexual partners, history of sexually transmitted diseases, and abnormal cervical cytology were associated with HPV infection. With respect to parity, there was a decreased risk of HPV infection with the increase in the number of births.

Conclusions

Estimates of the prevalence of HPV infection vary greatly around the world, so the factors that contribute to the rare occurrence of cervical cancer after HPV infection might also differ from country to country. Information gathered from this study could be used to prioritize limited screening and treatment services given to woman who have specific characteristics that may put them at an increased risk of HPV disease.     

Finite element model of the Jefferson fracture: comparison with a cadaver model

This study tries to explain the reason why the Jefferson fracture is a burst fracture, using two different biomechanical models: a finite element model (FEM) and a cadaver model used to determine strain distribution in C1 during axial static compressive loading. For the FEM model, a three-dimensional model of C1 was obtained from a 29-year-old healthy human, using axial CT scans with intervals of 1.0 mm. The mesh model was composed of 8200 four-noded isoparametric tetrahedrons and 37,400 solid elements. The material properties of the cortical bone of the vertebra were assessed according to the previous literature and were assumed to be linear isotropic and homogeneous for all elements. Axial static compressive loads were applied at between 200 and 1200 N. The strain and stress (maximum shear and von Mises) analyses were determined on the clinically relevant fracture lines of anterior and posterior arches. The results of the FEM were compared with a cadaver model. The latter comprised the C1 bone of a cadaver placed in a methylmethacrylate foam. Axial static compressive loads between 200 and 1200 N were applied by an electrohydraulic testing machine. Strain values were measured using strain gauges, which were cemented to the bone where the clinically relevant fracture lines of the anterior and posterior arches were located. As a result, compressive strain was observed on the outer surface of the anterior arch and inferior surface of the posterior arch. In addition, there was tensile strain on the inner surface of the anterior arch and superior surface of the posterior arch. The strain values obtained from the two experimental models showed similar trends. The FEM analysis revealed that maximum strain changes occurred where the maximum shear and von Mises stresses were concentrated. The changes in the C1 strain and stress values during static axial loading biomechanically prove that the Jefferson fracture is a burst fracture.