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91.
Macrophage Accumulation, Division, Maturation and Digestive and Microbicidal Capacities in Tuberculous Lesions: I. Studies Involving their Incorporation of Tritiated Thymidine and their Content of Lysosomal Enzymes and Bacilli 总被引:5,自引:8,他引:5
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Kiyoshi Shima Arthur M. Dannenberg Jr Masayuki Ando Saroj Chandrasekhar Judith A. Seluzicki Jacob I. Fabrikant 《The American journal of pathology》1972,67(1):159-180
Dermal and pulmonary tuberculous lesions were produced in rabbits with BCG, biopsied, incubated in vitro with tritiated thymidine (3HT) under hyperbaric oxygen, quickly frozen, sectioned in a cryostat, stained for the lysosomal enzyme β-galactosidase, autoradiographed, stained for acid-fast bacilli and counterstained with hematoxylin. As macrophages developed into epithelioid cells, they could still divide—ie, incorporate 3HT. However, once they became fully mature epithelioid cells that were 4-plus in β-galactosidase, they could not do so. Tuberclebacilli did not stimulate macrophage division. On the contrary, macrophages containing bacilli did not divide, except when the lesions began. During the development of tuberculous lesions, macrophages (including those rich in enzymes and those containing bacilli) died, forming caseous centers. Therefore, local cell division did not seem to be the main mechanism by which macrophages reduced their bacillary load. Such division seemed mainly to occur in young macrophages that had recently immigrated into the lesions from the bloodstream and had not yet ingested bacilli. 相似文献
92.
Identification of two point mutations and a one base deletion in exon 19 of the dystrophin gene by heteroduplex formation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Prior Thomas W.; Papp Audrey C.; Snyder Pamela J.; Burghes Arthur H.M.; Sedra Mary S.; Western Lorraine M.; Bartello Claire; Mendell Jerry R. 《Human molecular genetics》1993,2(3):311-313
Two thirds of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy population haveeither gene deletions or duplications. The nondeletion/duplicationcases are most likely the result of point mutations or smalldeletions and duplications that cannot be easily identifiedby current strategies. The major obstacle in identifying smallmutations is due to the large size of the dystrophin gene. Weselectively screened 5 DMD exons containing CpG dinucleotidesin 110 DMD patients without detectable deletions or duplications.Nonsenses mutations are frequently due to a C- to -T transitionwithin a CG dinucleotide pair. To screen for the nonsense mutations,we used the heteroduplex method. Utilizing this approach, weidentified 2 different nonsense mutations and a single basedeletion all occurring in exon 19. This is the first reportof a clustering of small mutations in the the dystrophin gene. 相似文献
93.
Congruent effects of estrogen and T-cell receptor peptide therapy on regulatory T cells in EAE and MS 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Both estrogen (E2) and T-cell receptor (TCR) peptides have beneficial effects on the clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and possibly multiple sclerosis (MS) that involve distinct but congruent mechanisms. Of interest, these two approaches share an ability to enhance expression of the FoxP3 gene and associated activity of regulatory T (Treg) cells. E2 increases the number and activity of FoxP3(+) T cells through Esr-1 signaling during TCR activation of CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells. In contrast, TCR peptide therapy appears to increase the frequency of regulatory FoxP3(+) T cells specific for self-TCR determinants expressed by targeted pathogenic T cells. The combined effects on Treg expansion and activation induced by these distinct immunoregulatory approaches may account for their potent effects on clinical EAE and argue for a similar combined therapeutic approach for MS. 相似文献
94.
95.
After synthesis and folding, peptides and proteins undergo changes in charge and conformation through nonenzymatic deamidation of asparaginyl and glutaminyl residues. Each amide has a specific deamidation rate that is genetically determined by the sequence of residues immediately adjacent in the peptide chain and by secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure. By means of experimentally verified computations, we have determined the deamidation rates of 49 Drosophila peptides and proteins. These rates demonstrate that deamidation provides molecular clocks that are suitable for the regulation of Drosophila aging, development, and other biochemical processes. We have also determined the rates of deamidation for 17,886 other proteins from a wide variety of organisms. The distribution function of these deamidation rates demonstrates the suitability of amide residues as biomolecular clocks. 相似文献
96.
Ethinyl estradiol treats collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1LacJ mice by inhibiting the production of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Subramanian S Tovey M Afentoulis M Krogstad A Vandenbark AA Offner H 《Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)》2005,115(2):162-172
We previously demonstrated the therapeutic effects of ethinyl estradiol (EE), an orally active estrogen and a component of birth control pills, in encephalitogenic autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this study, we report the effectiveness of EE in treating collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) induced with bovine type II collagen (bCII) in DBA/1LacJ mice, a CIA susceptible strain. Both low and high doses of EE notably suppressed clinical and histological signs of CIA in a dose-dependent manner compared to vehicle-treated controls. Oral treatment with EE decreased proliferation and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, TNF-alpha IFN-gamma, MCP-1 and IL-6 by bCII peptide-specific T cells, production of bCII-specific IgG2a antibodies, and mRNA for cytokines, chemokines and chemokine receptors in joint tissue. This is the first report demonstrating effective treatment of joint inflammation and clinical signs of CIA with orally administered ethinyl estradiol, thus supporting its possible clinical use for treating rheumatoid arthritis in humans. 相似文献
97.
98.
Different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cause various spectrums of disease in the rabbit model of tuberculosis
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Manabe YC Dannenberg AM Tyagi SK Hatem CL Yoder M Woolwine SC Zook BC Pitt ML Bishai WR 《Infection and immunity》2003,71(10):6004-6011
The rabbit model of tuberculosis has been used historically to differentiate between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis based on their relative virulence in this animal host. M. tuberculosis infection in market rabbits is cleared over time, whereas infection with M. bovis results in chronic, progressive, cavitary disease leading to death. Because of the innate resistance of commercial rabbits to M. tuberculosis, 320 to 1,890 log-phase, actively growing inhaled bacilli were required to form one grossly visible pulmonary tubercle at 5 weeks. The range of inhaled doses required to make one tubercle allows us to determine the relative pathogenicities of different strains. Fewer inhaled organisms of the M. tuberculosis Erdman strain were required than of M. tuberculosis H37Rv to produce a visible lesion at 5 weeks. Furthermore, with the Erdman strain, only 7 of 15 rabbits had healed lesions at 16 to 18 weeks; among the other animals, two had chronic, progressive cavitary disease, a phenotype usually seen only with M. bovis infection. Genotypic investigation of the Erdman strain with an H37Rv-based microarray identified gene differences in the RD6 region. Southern blot and PCR structural genetic analysis showed significant differences between M. tuberculosis strains in this region. Correlation of the relative pathogenicity, including disease severity, in the rabbit model with the strain genotype may help identify stage-specific M. tuberculosis genes important in human disease. 相似文献
99.
100.
Nannis Ellen D.; Susman Elizabeth J.; Strope Barbara E.; Woodruff Pamela J.; Hersh Stephen P.; Levine Arthur S.; Pizzo Philip A. 《Journal of pediatric psychology》1982,7(1):75-84
Physical illness is a life experience which challenges an individual'ssense of control and thus represents a potential threat to mentalhealth. For children, a serious illness threatens not only theirsense of physical and psychological well-being but also threatensthe psychological well-being of their family. In this study,severely ill patients (n = 15) and a member of their family(n = 15) were interviewed. The patients, who ranged in age from12 to 21 years, were being treated for metastatic solid tumorsor lymphoma that failed to respond to conventional therapeuticregimens. Correlates of control for the patients and familymembers, the relationship between control and developmentalstage of the patients, and the difference between levels ofcontrol in patients and family member were examined. The findingsare discussed in relation to development and their implicationsfor medical management. 相似文献