经胸微创非体外循环下封堵室间隔缺损:多中心经验和近中期随访结果

目的 总结多中心应用食管超声引导、经胸微创小切口、非体外循环(CPB)下封堵室间隔缺损(VSD)的临床经验和近、中期随访结果.方法 432例病儿,男235例,女197例;年龄3个月～15岁,平均(3.2±1.9)岁;体重4.0～26.0 kg,平均(13.3±5.6)kg.膜周部VSD 351例,嵴上或嵴内型VSD 57例,肌部VSD 24例(17例多发VSD).VSD直径3～12 mm,平均(5.3±1.6)mm.膜周部VSD,经剑突下或胸骨下端3～4 cm小切口进胸;嵴内或嵴上VSD,经胸骨左缘第3肋间2～3 cm小横切口进胸.暴露右心室表面,在食管超声引导和实时监测下,穿刺右心室游离壁,导引钢丝经右心室腔穿过VSD到达左心室腔,沿导引钢丝导入输送鞘管建立轨道.通过输送鞘管直接将封堵器安放在VSD部位.经食管超声多切面反复评估封堵器的位置和与周边组织的关系,若无异常情况即可释放封堵器.结果 432例中417例封堵成功(96.5%),15例(3.5%)术中改为常规CPB手术.封堵成功者中,选用对称伞238例(57.1%),偏心伞179例(42.9%).13例(3.1%)发生新的微量至轻度三尖瓣反流,11例(2.6%)术后发生不完全右束支传导阻滞,3例(0.7%)术后发生一过性完全性房室传导阻滞.术后383例(91.8%)病儿在2 h内拔除气管插管,3～5天出院.术后416例(96.2%,416/432例)随访12～38个月,平均(19.3±11.6)个月,无近、中期死亡.1例术后6个月发生完全性房室传导阻滞.其余无明显异常.结论 应用食管超声引导、经胸微创非CPB下封堵VSD技术,是一种相对简单有效的治疗方法,近、中期临床结果满意,但远期结果需要进一步观察.

Abstract：

Objective Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guided, minimally invasive perventricular device occlusion of ventricular septal defects ( VSDs) without cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB) has been applied in multiple centers. We reported experiences and the mid-term results. Methods Four hundred and thirty-two cases from 4 cardiac centers were involved in the study. There were 235 males and 197 females, aged from 3 months to 15 years, with a body weight varying from 4.0 to 26.0 kg. Three hundred and fifty-one patients had perimembranous VSDs, 57 had intracristal or supracristal VSDs and 24 had muscular VSDs (17 had multiple muscular VSDs). The diameter of the VSD ranged from 3 to 12 (5.3 ±1.6 ) mm.For those with perimembranous or muscular VSDs, a 3 to 5 cm inferior sternotomy was made, but for those with intracristal or supracristal VSDs, a 2 to 3 cm incision was made parastemally through the left third intercostal space. Being monitored and guided with TEE, the device was deployed to occlude the VSD through the puncture at the free wall of the right ventricle. TEE was used for assessing the residual shunting, the left and right ventricular outlet tracts, valvular function and for detecting any arrhythmia, The devices would be released if the heart rhythm was normal, as well as the residual shunting and valvular regurgilalion were not detected. Results The procedure was completed successfully in 417 cases(96.5% ) and converted to traditional surgical closure with CPB in the other 15 cases(3.5% ). Concentric devices were used in 238 cases(57.1% )and eccentric devices were used in 179 patients(42.9% ). Successful procedures finished in less than 90 minutes, and the deployment and evaluation of the devices were completed in 5 to 60 (18. 2 ± 8.6) minutes. No residual shunt and detectable aortic or tricuspid insufficiency and arrhythmia was observed. Patients were extubated within 2 hours and discharged 3 to 5 days after the operation. During fellow-up period from 3 months to 2 years, no clinically significant complications occurred. Conclusion The minimally invasive device closure of VSD under TEE guidance without CPB is proved to be a simple, safe and effective treatment for a considerable number of children with VSD. Its use in the clinical practice should be encouraged.     

分子标记物预测直肠癌新辅助放化疗效果初步评价

目的：寻找预测直肠癌新辅助治疗效果的分子标志物。方法：对26例行新辅助治疗的进展期中低位直肠癌的治疗前活检标本的K-ras基因进行测序,同时通过免疫组织化学方法对分子标志物增殖细胞核抗体（Ki-67）、核转录因子（NF-KB）、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶1（CDK1）进行检测。对手术标本行病理分析和肿瘤消退分级评估。结果：本组病例新辅助治疗后获得病理完全缓解（pCR）的患者7例（26．9％）均为K-ras基因野生型,治疗后降期患者17例（65．4％）。K-ras基因是否突变同新辅助放化疗（CRT）能否达到pCR密切相关（P=0．048）。K-ras基因野生型患者的降期率和肿瘤消退率均为77．8％（14／18）,同突变型的降期率和肿瘤消退率比较P=0．063。结论：中低位直肠癌患者新辅助治疗前K-ras基因野生型可能预示着较好的新辅助治疗效果。     

冲击波与地塞米松对自体血清培养的骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的比较研究

[目的]观察冲击波(shock waves)与地塞米松对自体血清培养的人骨髓间充质干细胞(human mesenchyreal stem cells,hMSCs)体外成骨分化的影响比较.[方法]选择10名健康志愿者,每名健康志愿者抽取骨髓60 ml,抽取外周静脉血100 ml,然后分离出自体血清.把每名志愿者的骨髓分别...     

改良面神经额支的体表定位

目的:通过改良的方法对面神经的额支进行体表定位,为临床手术提供更加适用的寻找面神经额支的方法.方法:对20侧防腐成人头部标本进行大体和显微解剖,测量在耳轮上点与外眦上点的连线上和耳屏上切迹点与外眦点的连线上,面神经的额支所经过的相对位置.结果:额支在耳轮上点-外眦上点的连线后段(3/10～4/5)±1/10的范围内跨过,在耳屏上切迹点-外眦点的连线后段(1/5-1/2)±1/9的范围内跨过.结论:面神经额支在两条标志线的特定区域跨过,手术中,切口应避开该危险区域.     

肱骨干骨不连固定方法进展

骨不连是肱骨干骨折后常见并发症之一,发生率因治疗方法不同而异.固定不稳和骨折端分离可能是引起肱骨干骨不连的主要原因.手术是目前治疗肱骨干骨不连的首选方法.常用的固定方法如钢板、髓内钉和外固定支架在治疗肱骨干骨不连上何者更具优越性,尚存在争议.钢板固定治疗骨不连愈合率高,肩痛发生率低.髓内钉固定可减少软组织剥离,降低桡神经损伤和感染危险.对初次髓内钉固定失败患者,钢板更有优越性,单纯更换髓内钉治疗几乎没有效果.Ilizarov外固定技术可用于节段性骨缺损、感染、畸形和多次治疗失败的骨不连病例.必须依据个体化原则选择手术方案,尽可能避免潜在风险.     

保守治疗掌侧Barton骨折的临床探讨

目的：探讨保守治疗掌侧Barton骨折的指征和预后。方法：保守治疗23例掌侧Barton骨折患者,其中男8例,女15例;年龄16～84岁,平均52.2岁;骨折不伴桡腕关节掌侧半脱位7例,伴桡腕关节掌侧半脱位16例（Mehara Ⅰ型15例,Mehara Ⅲ型1例）。并对32具新鲜尸体标本进行实验,推断在掌侧Barton骨折的损伤机制中,桡腕关节背侧韧带损伤是产生桡腕关节向掌侧半脱位的重要原因。应用Pattee和Thompson的评价标准对治疗效果进行评价。结果：进行7～70个月随访,11例疗效满意（优1例、良10例）,12例不满意（中5例、差7例）。7例骨折不伴桡腕关节掌侧半脱位病例中,5例治疗结果满意;16例伴桡腕关节掌侧半脱位病例中,6例治疗结果满意。结论∶①复位结果影响掌侧Barton骨折的预后,复位后桡腕关节面移位应小于2mm。②不伴桡腕关节向掌侧半脱位,建议保守治疗。③伴有桡腕关节向掌侧半脱位,保守治疗预后欠佳,可试行手法整复、石膏外固定,如不能达到桡腕关节面移位小于2mm的标准,就应采取手术方法治疗。     

经皮氧分压监测在急性呼吸窘迫综合征治疗中的应用

目的 观察经皮氧分压(PtcO2)在急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者中的变化特点,了解其在ARDS治疗中的作用.方法 采用经皮氧分压监测仪对49例ARDS患者实施连续动态监测PtcO2,记录通气前和通气后4、8、16、24 hPtcO2值,同期抽取动脉血检测PaO2、SaO2,记录心率(HR)和平均动脉压(MAP).并比较存活组与死亡组不同时间PtcO2的差异.结果 SaO2、HR、MAP随时间变化的程度不明显(均P＞0.05),PtcO2和PaO2随时间变化显著(均P＜0.05);存活组(35例)与死亡组(14例)PtcO2比较,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论 PtcO2监测对ARDS治疗能提供连续、可靠的指导作用,PtcO2早期的变化对判断预后有一定帮助.     

腺病毒介导的双自杀基因对直肠癌细胞的杀伤作用

目的 探讨直肠癌的基因治疗方法。方法 用重组腺病毒介导外源胞嘧啶脱氨酶（CD）基因、单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶（HSV－tk）基因转移到人直肠癌细胞系HR－8348,通过细胞集落形成实验、细胞存活率测定（MTT法）,检测、分析CD和HSV－tk双自杀基因系统对肿瘤细胞的作用。结果 重组腺病毒介导的CD和HSV－tk自杀基因可在HR－8348细胞高效表达。用腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdCMV-Linkl(CD tk)、Linkl(-)、pAdCMV-Linkl(CD)、pAdCMV-Kinkl(tk）重组腺病毒感染HR－8348细胞,不加5－氟胞嘧啶（5－FC）、环氧鸟苷（GCV）,各组肿瘤细胞的集落形成和存活率的差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05）。应用5－FC、GCV后,pAdCMV-Linkl(CD tk)转染组细胞集落形成和存活率显著低于对照组pAdCMV-Link（－）转染组（P＜0．01）,也低于pAdCMV-Linkl(CD)、pAdCMV-Linkl(tk）转染组（P＜0．05）。CD和5－FC、HSV－tk和GCV系统联合使用较单一自杀基因系统对HR－8348直肠癌细胞的集落形成、细胞生长有更显著的抑制作用,对肿瘤细胞有更强的杀伤能力和“旁观者效应”。结论 CD和HSV－tk双自杀基因联合作为肿瘤基因治疗的一种手段和方法,较单一自杀基因具有更强的抗肿瘤作用。     

基质金属蛋白酶-3和其组织抑制剂-1在椎间盘中的表达及其意义

目的：检测突出和非突出椎间盘中是否有基质金属蛋白酶－3（MMP3）及其组织抑制剂－1（TIMP）的表达,了解椎间盘退变和突出的发病机制。方法：采用ABC免疫组化方法,测定60例突出椎间盘标本（分为凸出型,脱出型,游离型）和16例非突出椎间盘标本内MMP3和TIMP1的表达情况,结果：突出椎间盘中的MMP3比非突出椎间盘的多,其差异有显著性意义。脱出型及游型内的MMP3比突出型的多,其差异有显著性意义。脱出突型及游离型内的MMP3无显著性差异,非突出椎间盘和凸出型椎间盘内TIMP1为阴性,脱出型和游离内TIMP1为阳性,但无显著性差异,结论：MMP3和TIMP1的不平衡表达也许是椎间盘退变的因素,椎间盘退变程度的差异可能是椎间盘突出症临床分型的基础。     

FasL基因表达对缺氧状态下直肠癌细胞增殖凋亡的影响

Objective To elucidate the effect of FasL gene expression on the proliferation and apoptosis of hypoxic rectal carcinoma cells. Methods The normoxic expression level of FasL in HR-8348 subtype cells (HR-8348B, HR-8348L, HR-8348F and HR-8348As) with different invasive power were verified by Western blot. Hypoxia models for HR-8348B, HR-8348L, HR-8348F and HR-8348As were constructed with chemical modeling, then the FasL levels in all groups at 12 h after hypoxia were quantitated by Western blot. Distribution of different cell life cycles was determined with flow cytometry. Cell reproductive activities were detected with MTT method, and cell apoptesis was assessed with TUNEL. Results FasL protein was pigmentized at the position of 40 000 by Western blot, and the expression level of FasL was significantly higher in HR-8348F cells than those in HR-8348B, HR-8348L and HR-8348As cells(F=361.149, P<0.01) in normoxia. At 12 h after hypoxia, the FasL level was also significantly higher in HR-8348F cells than those in other groups (F=278.766, P<0.01), but was not markedly different as compared to themselves in normoxia (t=1.762, P>0.05). The proliferation index was significantly higher in HR-8348F (60.43±3.72) than those in HR-8348B (40.01±3.30), HR-8348L (41.30±4.06) and HR-8348As cells (35.87±4.39), respectively (F=39.477, P<0.01). However, both inhibition rate of proliferation and apoptotic index were remarkably lower in HR-8348F (17.30±1.98 and 13.10±1.04) than those in HR-834B (33.70±4.33 and 21.60±1.31), HR-8348L (34.20±3.92 and 20.10±1.15), and HR-8348As (38.00±4.55 and 23.90±1.23), respectively (F=28.811 and 76.462, respectively, P<0.01). Conclusion The expression enhancement of intracellular FasL in rectal carcinoma in hypoxia can lead to accelerated proliferation and reduced apeptosis of cells, which will promote tumor cells to adapt microenvironmental hypoxia.