高原重症急性胰腺炎早期相关因素的对比分析

 目的 探讨高原地区重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者的早期相关的危险因素及用以制定相应的治疗策略.方法 回顾性对比分析地处高原和平原的两组患者,分别将其设为高原组(63例)和平原组(64例).通过对两组患者的一般情况、APACHE Ⅱ评分、是否伴有血液浓缩、休克、低氧血症等合并症,以及早期不同的处理方式等因素对SAP病死率的影响进行Logisic 分析.结果 高原组SAP患者早期在血液浓缩(HCT＞50%)、低氧血症、休克,以及并发多脏器功能障碍综合征(MODS)方面明显高于平原组的患者,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).平原组患者由于后期治疗策略的转变,采用了早期液体足量复苏,早期机械通气,伴腹腔高压者早期行腹腔引流等,其病死率下降,与高原组比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).结论 高原地区sAP患者早期并发MODS及死亡的危险因素与血液浓缩、休克、低氧血症,以及与临床处理的方式有关.积极纠正低氧血症,液体足量复苏纠正休克和改善血液浓缩,控制炎症反应是阻止SAP早期发生MODS的关键.     

盆腔恶性肿瘤致肾后性肾衰竭的双介入治疗

目的探讨经皮穿刺顺行输尿管支架置放术结合区域性动脉化疗对盆腔原发或转移性肿瘤合并急性肾衰竭的临床价值及安全性。方法对18例盆腔恶性肿瘤伴双侧输尿管梗阻致肾后性肾功能不全的患者,行一侧经皮穿刺顺行放置输尿管支架,肾功能恢复后3～5d行区域性动脉插管化疗。结果17例输尿管支架置放术一次手术获成功,1例患者左侧肾造瘘失败且发生肾周血肿,后经导管节段性动脉栓塞止血,5d后经右肾造瘘成功。无其他严重并发症。术前血肌酐175.40～1040.70μmol/L,6例存在出血倾向,所有患者肾造瘘2～7d后肾功能恢复正常,随后进行3～8次动脉常规剂量化疗。随访时间3～15个月,平均7个月。结论经皮穿刺顺行输尿管支架置放术结合区域性动脉化疗,治疗盆腔原发或转移性肿瘤合并急性肾衰竭安全、可行、并发症少,可延长患者生存期。     

p16基因启动子甲基化与结直肠癌发生发展的关系

目的　探讨p16基因启动子甲基化在结直肠癌发生、发展过程中的作用及其临床意义。方法　采用RT PCR、免疫组化方法检测p16基因表达 ,用甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)方法检测p16基因启动子甲基化。结果　 5 8例结直肠癌中 ,癌旁肠粘膜、原发灶、肝转移灶中p16表达阳性率分别为97% (5 6 /5 8)、31% (18/5 8)、7% (2 /2 8) ,原发灶、肝转移灶中p16表达明显降低 (P <0 0 1)。癌旁肠粘膜组织中未发现p16基因启动子甲基化 ,而癌原发灶、肝转移灶中p16甲基化阳性率分别为 5 0 %(2 9/5 8)、75 % (2 1/2 8) ,3种组织p16基因启动子甲基化率的差别有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1)。在 2 8例出现肝转移者外周静脉血、胆汁中可检测到p16甲基化启动子序列者分别为 2 3例 (82 % )、2 0例 (71% )。结论　p16基因启动子甲基化导致p16抑癌基因失活与结直肠癌的发生、转移有密切关系。     

Fas基因转染联合顺铂对直肠癌细胞杀伤作用的研究

目的探讨Fas基因转染联合顺铂对直肠癌细胞的杀伤作用。方法采用RT PCR技术从健康人的外周血单核细胞中扩增包含全部阅读框架的Fas全长基因 ,与 pGEM TEasy质粒连接 ,经测序验证。构建 pcDNA3 1 Fas真核表达载体 ,将人Fas基因通过脂质体导入直肠癌 8348细胞中 ,并利用RT PCR方法检测直肠癌 8348细胞的Fas基因mRNA表达。用MTT法分析顺铂对转染前后直肠癌细胞抑制增殖和诱导凋亡的作用。结果Fas基因转染可明显增强直肠癌 8348细胞的Fas表达 ,分别用 1、5、10、2 0、4 0mg/L浓度的顺铂作用 ,转染Fas基因的 8348细胞实验组细胞抑制率分别为 4 7 2 %、5 1 8%、5 7 2 %、6 5 4 %、71 0 % ;未转染Fas基因的 8348细胞对照组细胞抑制率分别为 2 9 6 %、33 0 %、37 8%、4 1 4 %、4 7 0 % ,2组相比 ,差异有显著性意义 (t =15 33,P <0 0 1)。结论转染的Fas基因可显著上调直肠癌 8348细胞的Fas表达 ,促进细胞凋亡 ,Fas基因转染联合顺铂对直肠癌细胞有更强的杀伤作用。     

经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗合并肺气肿的胸椎压缩性骨折

目的 探讨合并严重肺气肿的胸椎压缩性骨折进行经皮穿刺椎体成形术的技术特点和治疗效果。方法 7例(10个椎体)合并严重肺气肿并且透视椎体显示不清的胸椎骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折患，侧卧位在CT结合C型臂透视引导下进行经皮穿刺椎体成形术。术前、术后2d和随访时分别测定疼痛强度评分、止痛药使用和活动能力评分。随访2-8个月，平均5个月。结果 7例皆顺利完成手术，注射骨水泥的量平均2．2ml／椎体(1．0～4．0m1)，无临床并发症，手术时间2—3．5h／例。疼痛强度评分值术后2d比术前平均减低3．9，随访时进一步下降0．2—2．9，活动能力和止痛药使用术后均明显改善。结论 合并肺气肿的胸椎压缩性骨折患行经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗前应进行骨折椎体透视检查，显示不清选择侧卧位在CT结合C型臂透视引导下穿刺注射可获得良好疗效。     

TightRope与金属螺钉内固定治疗下胫腓联合分离的临床疗效对比

目的探讨锁扣带袢钛板(Tight Rope)内固定与金属螺钉内固定2种术式治疗下胫腓联合分离的临床疗效。方法笔者自2012-01—2016-03采用Tight Rope(Tight Rope组)与金属螺钉(金属螺钉组)2种内固定术式治疗46例下胫腓联合分离伴或不伴踝关节骨折。分别记录2组术前、术后即刻、术后3个月、末次随访时后前位X线片上下胫腓间隙(TBCS)、下胫腓重叠距离(TBOL),观察比较2组术后VAS评分、部分负重时间、完全负重时间、AOFAS踝与后足功能评分。结果 2组手术均顺利完成,术后切口均一期愈合,均获得平均14(11~18)个月随访。2组术前、术后即刻、术后3个月、末次随访时TBCS、TBOL差异无统计学意义(P0.05);2组术后3 d VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);Tight Rope组术后部分负重时间及完全负重时间均少于金属螺钉组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Tight Rope组术后3个月及6个月的AOFAS踝与后足评分高于金属螺钉组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),2组末次随访时AOFAS踝与后足功能评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。金属螺钉组出现1例螺钉弯曲、1例螺钉断裂,Tight Rope组无内固定松动、断裂等并发症。2组均无下胫腓联合再次分离、踝关节再次骨折等并发症。结论 Tight Rope内固定与螺钉内固定均为治疗下胫腓联合分离的可靠性方法;Tight Rope组可早期功能锻炼及下地负重,踝关节功能恢复较金属螺钉组更有优势。     

基于从筋治骨理论的康复锻炼对膝骨关节炎的疗效观察

目的:基于从筋治骨的中医理论,观察自主康复锻炼对膝骨性关节炎的有效性和安全性。方法:门诊收治90例膝骨关节炎患者,分为试验组45例和对照组45例。试验组男11例,女34例;年龄45~70岁,平均(55.47±8.66)岁;病程1周~5年,平均(6.66±7.96)周;对照组男11例,女34例;年龄48~67岁,平均(54.07±5.36)岁;病程1周~7年,平均(4.82±3.95)周。在股四头肌等长训练的基础上,试验组采用自主功能锻炼的干预方法 ,对照组则采用器械训练方法,共治疗2周。分别于治疗前、治疗后采用VAS、Lysholm评分和愈显率对两组临床疗效进行评价。结果:经过2周治疗,试验组的愈显率(86.67%)显著高于对照组(71.11%)。两组患者的VAS评分和Lysholm评分均较治疗前显著改善(P0.05),其中试验组均优于对照组(P0.05),两组均无严重不良事件。结论:自主功能锻炼联合股四头肌等长训练的康复方案对KOA临床疗效确切,且无严重不良反应发生。     

Evaluation of the role of varicocelectomy including external spermatic vein ligation in patients with scrotal pain

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to assess and compare pre- and postoperative scrotal pain in patients with varicocele who underwent varicocelectomy with different approaches. METHODS: The study included 144 consecutive patients with left-sided varicocele who had left scrotal pain for more than 3 months. All patients underwent varicocele ligation using either a subinguinal or inguinal approach with or without external spermatic vein ligation. We asked the patients to complete an 'Assessment Questionnaire for Scrotal Pain' both before and after the surgery. RESULTS: The surgery was successful in 101 (83.4%) of the 121 patients available for follow up. Seventy-four (61.1%) patients reported the complete resolution of pain while 27 patients (22.3%) reported partial resolution. Symptoms worsened in a single case and pain persisted postoperatively in 19 cases (15.7%). There were no statistically significant differences in the characteristics of the pain and grade of varicocele between postoperative groups. A significant difference was observed in postoperative success between patients who had external spermatic vein ligation and those who did not, regardless of the surgical approach (inguinal or subinguinal). All patients who reported complete or partial resolution of pain stated that they would recommend surgery to relatives with the same problem. CONCLUSIONS: Varicocelectomy using either inguinal or subinguinal approaches is an effective and reasonable treatment option in this patient group and should include external spermatic vein ligation for a satisfactory outcome.     

FasL基因表达对缺氧状态下直肠癌细胞增殖凋亡的影响

Objective To elucidate the effect of FasL gene expression on the proliferation and apoptosis of hypoxic rectal carcinoma cells. Methods The normoxic expression level of FasL in HR-8348 subtype cells (HR-8348B, HR-8348L, HR-8348F and HR-8348As) with different invasive power were verified by Western blot. Hypoxia models for HR-8348B, HR-8348L, HR-8348F and HR-8348As were constructed with chemical modeling, then the FasL levels in all groups at 12 h after hypoxia were quantitated by Western blot. Distribution of different cell life cycles was determined with flow cytometry. Cell reproductive activities were detected with MTT method, and cell apoptesis was assessed with TUNEL. Results FasL protein was pigmentized at the position of 40 000 by Western blot, and the expression level of FasL was significantly higher in HR-8348F cells than those in HR-8348B, HR-8348L and HR-8348As cells(F=361.149, P<0.01) in normoxia. At 12 h after hypoxia, the FasL level was also significantly higher in HR-8348F cells than those in other groups (F=278.766, P<0.01), but was not markedly different as compared to themselves in normoxia (t=1.762, P>0.05). The proliferation index was significantly higher in HR-8348F (60.43±3.72) than those in HR-8348B (40.01±3.30), HR-8348L (41.30±4.06) and HR-8348As cells (35.87±4.39), respectively (F=39.477, P<0.01). However, both inhibition rate of proliferation and apoptotic index were remarkably lower in HR-8348F (17.30±1.98 and 13.10±1.04) than those in HR-834B (33.70±4.33 and 21.60±1.31), HR-8348L (34.20±3.92 and 20.10±1.15), and HR-8348As (38.00±4.55 and 23.90±1.23), respectively (F=28.811 and 76.462, respectively, P<0.01). Conclusion The expression enhancement of intracellular FasL in rectal carcinoma in hypoxia can lead to accelerated proliferation and reduced apeptosis of cells, which will promote tumor cells to adapt microenvironmental hypoxia.     

平阳霉素加地塞米松局部注射治疗婴幼儿血管瘤

目的探讨平阳霉素+地塞米松局部注射治疗婴幼儿血管瘤的疗效。方法将平阳霉素8 mg+地塞米松5 mg+2%利多卡因1~2 ml+生理盐水3~8 ml稀释后,行血管瘤内注射至肿胀发白为限,1次平阳霉素用量不超过8 mg。观察2周,视瘤体颜色及硬度决定是否继续用药,直至瘤体开始变硬萎缩为止,平阳霉素注射总量不超过40 mg。近两年来,用该方法治疗1~8个月龄婴幼儿体表增生期血管瘤36例,其中颜面部24例,胸部3例,背部2例,上肢5例,足2例;草莓状血管瘤30例,混合型血管瘤6例。血管瘤最小面积0.6 cm×1.2 cm,最大面积23.0 cm×12.0 cm。结果1次注射治愈2例,2~3次注射治愈25例,4~5次治愈9例,其中局部坏死1例(为足背足底大面积草莓状血管瘤),经换药及手术愈合。随访6~19个月,未见复发,除1例遗留瘢痕外,其余全部无瘢痕愈合。有效率达100%。结论平阳霉素+地塞米松局部注射治疗婴幼儿血管瘤,具有疗效显著、简便易行、安全可靠等优点,是治疗增生期血管瘤首选方法之一,值得推广。