全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2839篇 |
免费 | 208篇 |
国内免费 | 33篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 23篇 |
儿科学 | 65篇 |
妇产科学 | 77篇 |
基础医学 | 447篇 |
口腔科学 | 104篇 |
临床医学 | 207篇 |
内科学 | 744篇 |
皮肤病学 | 165篇 |
神经病学 | 250篇 |
特种医学 | 58篇 |
外科学 | 228篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 144篇 |
眼科学 | 15篇 |
药学 | 242篇 |
中国医学 | 11篇 |
肿瘤学 | 296篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 37篇 |
2022年 | 51篇 |
2021年 | 126篇 |
2020年 | 82篇 |
2019年 | 119篇 |
2018年 | 105篇 |
2017年 | 93篇 |
2016年 | 85篇 |
2015年 | 113篇 |
2014年 | 145篇 |
2013年 | 142篇 |
2012年 | 235篇 |
2011年 | 263篇 |
2010年 | 128篇 |
2009年 | 135篇 |
2008年 | 204篇 |
2007年 | 171篇 |
2006年 | 162篇 |
2005年 | 176篇 |
2004年 | 153篇 |
2003年 | 124篇 |
2002年 | 93篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 13篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3080条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Nutritional status in oncological patients may differ according to several modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Knowledge of the epidemiology of malnutrition/cachexia/sarcopenia may help to manage these complications early in the course of treatment, potentially impacting patient quality of life, treatment intensity, and disease outcome. Therefore, this narrative review aimed to critically evaluate the current evidence on the combined impact of tumor- and treatment-related factors on nutritional status and to draw some practical conclusions to support the multidisciplinary management of malnutrition in cancer patients. A comprehensive literature search was performed from January 2010 to December 2020 using different combinations of pertinent keywords and a critical evaluation of retrieved literature papers was conducted. The results show that the prevalence of weight loss and associated symptoms is quite heterogeneous and needs to be assessed with recognized criteria, thus allowing a clear classification and standardization of therapeutic interventions. There is a large range of variability influenced by age and social factors, comorbidities, and setting of cures (community-dwelling versus hospitalized patients). Tumor subsite is one of the major determinants of malnutrition, with pancreatic, esophageal, and other gastroenteric cancers, head and neck, and lung cancers having the highest prevalence. The advanced stage is also linked to a higher risk of developing malnutrition, as an expression of the relationship between tumor burden, inflammatory status, reduced caloric intake, and malabsorption. Finally, treatment type influences the risk of nutritional issues, both for locoregional approaches (surgery and radiotherapy) and for systemic treatment. Interestingly, personalized approaches based on the selection of the most predictive malnutrition definitions for postoperative complications according to cancer type and knowledge of specific nutritional problems associated with some new agents may positively impact disease course. Sharing common knowledge between oncologists and nutritionists may help to better address and treat malnutrition in this population. 相似文献
32.
Luvero Daniela Filippini Maurizio Salvatore Stefano Pieralli Annalisa Farinelli Miriam Angioli Roberto 《Lasers in medical science》2021,36(9):1837-1843
Lasers in Medical Science - Childbirth is a great change in woman life because of hormonal, physical and psychological alterations that are associated with this process. Dyspareunia and perineal... 相似文献
33.
Michele Torre Vittorio Guerriero Luca Ramenghi Francesca Rizzo Annalisa Gallizia Oliviero Sacco 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2021,56(4):700-705
Background/PurposeMany studies on ex-preterm babies were conducted to evaluate their respiratory sequelae, but, to our knowledge, the condition described in this paper was never reported before and is not included in the classifications of thoracic anomalies proposed so far.MethodsClinical data and images of a novel thoracic deformity observed in the last 10 years are shown. This anomaly is characterized by an indentation of the ribs on both (less frequently one) anterolateral parts of the chest wall. All our patients with this condition were ex-preterm babies. We named this novel thoracic anomaly as “postprematurity thoracic dysplasia” (PPTD). Possible etiopathogenetic mechanisms and treatment options are discussed.ResultsWe observed 8 patients with variable range of respiratory symptoms. In 2 cases the malformation caused a severe functional restriction of lung volumes and surgery was performed to improve respiratory symptoms; in other cases the symptoms were mild or absent and the malformation was a matter of concern only for cosmesis.ConclusionsPPTD is a novel thoracic anomaly typical of ex-preterms. Clinical relevance is variable. In severe cases surgery can be considered.Level of evidenceIV. 相似文献
34.
Zoledronic acid-related angiogenesis modifications and survival in advanced breast cancer patients. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Bruno Vincenzi Daniele Santini Giordano Dicuonzo Fabrizio Battistoni Michele Gavasci Annalisa La Cesa Claudia Grilli Vladimir Virzì Simona Gasparro Laura Rocci Giuseppe Tonini 《Journal of interferon & cytokine research》2005,25(3):144-151
The proven antiangiogenic activity of zoledronic acid, a third-generation bisphosphonate widely used in bone metastatic cancer patients, led us to investigate if the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-related zoledronic acid modifications are correlated with survival advantages in advanced breast cancer patients. Forty-two consecutive breast cancer patients with scintigraphic and radiographic evidence of bone metastases were treated with a single infusion of 4 mg zoledronic acid before anticancer chemotherapy. The patients were prospectively evaluated for circulating levels of VEGF and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) just before and at 1, 2, 7, and 21 days after zoledronic acid infusion. Afterward, clinical outcome was prospectively monitored. The basal serum VEGF median levels were significantly decreased at each time point, but the major reduction was recorded 21 days after the infusion. In particular, 25 patients of 42 (59.5%) experienced a reduction of at least 25% in the VEGF circulating levels. In contrast, no statistically significant modifications of the IFN-gamma serum levels were recorded. We stratified patients on the basis of this VEGF reduction 21 days after the infusion. No differences in patient features were recorded between those with or without the VEGF reduction. The analysis of survival showed that patients with a reduction in the VEGF circulating levels had a longer time to first skeletal-related event (p = 0.0002), time to bone progression disease (p = 0.0024), and time to performance status worsening (p = 0.0352) than those without the VEGF reduction. No statistically significant differences were recorded in terms of overall survival and time to visceral progression. This study confirms that zoledronic acid could have an in vivo antiangiogenic property and that the VEGF modifications may represent a surrogate marker able to predict time to first skeletal-related event, time to bone progression disease, and time to worsening of performance status. 相似文献
35.
Annalisa Rubino Laura Mantelli Sandra Amerini Fabrizio Ledda 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1990,342(5):520-522
Summary Transmural stimulation of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic sensory nerves in guinea-pig atria, isolated from reserpine-pretreated animals, in the presence of atropine and the beta-adrenoceptor-blocking drug CGP 20712A, induced a positive inotropic effect. Adenosine (0.1–10 M) concentration-dependently reduced the cardic response to transmural nerve stimulation, without modifying the response to exogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide; the inhibitory effect of adenosine was antagonized by 1 M 8-phenyltheophylline. Moreover, the cardiac response to field stimulation was enhanced by 8-phenyltheophylline (0.1, 1 M) and by adenosine deaminase (1 g/ml), but was reduced by dipyridamole (1 M). These findings indicate the presence of inhibitory adenosine receptors on cardiac sensory nerves and suggest a modulatory effect of endogenous adenosine on cardiac non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurotransmission.Send offprint requests to A. Rubino at the above address 相似文献
36.
Susi Burgalassi Daniela Monti Annalisa Brignoccoli Ortenzio Fabiani Carla Lenzi Andrea Pirone Patrizia Chetoni 《Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics》2004,20(6):518-532
The aim of this study was to prepare and test an artificial corneal epithelium (reconstituted rabbit corneal epithelium, RRCE) exhibiting barrier characteristics and paracellular permeability similar to those of native rabbit cornea. The RRCE was obtained from a rabbit corneal epithelium (RCE) cell line grown for 8 days in submerged culture, then for 7 days in air-interface conditions on Snapwell polyester membranes. Permeation studies on the RRCE were carried out in comparison with rabbit excised corneas in vitro, using timolol maleate (TM) as the test drug, alone and in association with the following ocular permeation enhancers: benzalkonium chloride, ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid sodium salt, polyethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, sodium deoxycholate, and escin. The integrity of the RRCE was assessed by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) during culture time and after every permeation experiment. When TM was tested alone, the permeation parameters (apparent permeability coefficient, lag time) obtained with the RRCE were similar to those of excised rabbit corneas. The artificial epithelium, however, was less sensitive than native cornea to the effect of permeation enhancers. 相似文献
37.
38.
Beatrice Raone M.D. Roberta Raboni M.D. Nicola Rizzo M.D. Giuliana Simonazzi M.D. Annalisa Patrizi M.D. 《Pediatric dermatology》2014,31(2):191-195
The measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is important for evaluating the integrity of the barrier function of the stratum corneum. Normal TEWL values in healthy adults and in children ages 2 and older are well known, but few studies have been performed in infants and neonates. TEWL in healthy neonates younger than 24 hours old was assessed and compared with that of an adult study population. We also studied possible correlations between this parameter, gestational age, and mode of delivery. A prospective study was conducted in healthy newborns. The areas tested were the volar forearm and the popliteal fossa. Ninety‐nine healthy newborns were enrolled and 33 healthy adults were analyzed as controls. Statistically significant differences were noted between newborns and adults in TEWL (p < 0.01). Newborns had a much higher mean TEWL than adults. Differences in the morphology and physiology between newborn and mature skin can explain the higher TEWL in newborns. Higher TEWL could also be due to the sudden functional adaptation of the skin immediately after delivery, when the newborn transits from a liquid to the dry, gaseous extrauterine environment. Functional evaluation of the neonatal skin barrier is important mainly because maintaining skin integrity facilitates cutaneous adaptation. 相似文献
39.
Liver transplantation has become a highly standardized, acceptable option for selected patients with end-stage liver disease and/or hepatocellular carcinoma in the setting of cirrhosis. Both conditions are associated with loss of skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) and physical deconditioning. Both conditions result in a dramatic decrease in the patients’ quality of life, negatively impacting on the pre- and post-transplant prognosis. In this context, awareness of the advantages of physical activity in both the pre- and post-transplant setting is key. However, the importance of regular, individualized and patient-adapted physical activity is still understudied and underestimated. This article describes a three-sided perspective on the importance of physical activity in the setting of liver transplantation, including a patient's, transplant surgeon's and hepatologist’s point of view. 相似文献
40.