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61.
Anastasia Piyanova Onder Albayram Carlo Alberto Rossi Hany Farwanah Kerstin Michel Pierluigi Nicotera Konrad Sandhoff Andras Bilkei-Gorzo 《Mechanisms of ageing and development》2013
Early onset of age-related changes in the brain of cannabinoid 1 receptor knockout (Cnr1−/−) mice suggests that cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor activity significantly influences the progression of brain aging. In the present study we show that lack of CB1 receptors leads to a significant increase in lipofuscin accumulation and a reduced expression and activity of cathepsin D, lysosomal protease implicated in the degradation of damaged macromolecules, in the hippocampus of 12-month-old mice. The impaired clearance of damaged macromolecules due to the low cathepsin D levels and not enhanced oxidative stress may be responsible for the lipofuscin accumulation because macromolecule oxidation levels were comparable between the genotypes within the same age group. The altered levels of autophagy markers p62 and LC3-II suggest that autophagy is upregulated in CB1 knockout mice. Increased autophagic flux in the absence of CB1 receptors is probably a compensatory mechanism to partially counteract decreased lysosomal degradation capacity. Together, these results suggest that CB1 receptor activity affects lysosomal activity, degradation of damaged macromolecules and thus it may influence the course and onset of brain aging. 相似文献
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G G Sandor M W Patterson M Tipple P G Ashmore R Popov 《The American journal of cardiology》1987,60(14):1148-1151
Left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function was assessed in 12 patients after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot (age range 5 to 18 years, mean 10) and compared with 10 control patients. Only 1 patient had a shunt before total correction that was performed at a mean age of 3.5 years, (range 0.3 to 8). At cardiac catheterization the following indexed LV parameters were measured: end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, wall mass, ejection fraction, stroke volume and end-diastolic and end-systolic pressures and stresses. The rate-corrected mean velocity of fiber shortening was calculated. LV diastolic operant chamber stiffness and myocardial stiffness were calculated from simultaneous diastolic pressures and volumes in mid- and late diastole using monoexponential formulas. The 2 groups were compared by unpaired t tests. The tetralogy group had higher mean end-diastolic (93 vs 74 ml/m2), end-systolic (29 vs 19 ml/m2) and stroke (64 vs 55 ml/m2) volumes than controls. Rate-corrected mean velocity of fiber shortening was lower in the tetralogy group (1.07 vs 1.24). Myocardial stiffness was higher in the tetralogy group (16 vs 11). Other indexes were not significantly different. Thus, LV function after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot may be abnormal with larger than normal LV size, decreased contractile function and increased myocardial stiffness. 相似文献
64.
Retrievable Inferior Vena Cava Filters: Initial Clinical Results 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Anticoagulation is the accepted therapy for patients with thromboembolic disease. When contraindications to anticoagulant
therapy are present, however, interruption of the inferior vena cava (IVC) may prevent pulmonary embolism (PE). The objective
of this study was to report our early technical and clinical results with retrievable IVC filters (IVCFs) for the prevention
of PE. One hundred and twenty-seven multitrauma patients between December 1, 2002, and December 31, 2004, underwent placement
of Gunther-Tulip (n = 49), Recovery (n = 41), or OptEase (n = 37) retrievable IVCFs under real-time intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance. All patients had abdominal X-rays to verify
filter location. Prior to IVCF retrieval, all patients underwent femoral vein color flow ultrasonography to rule out deep
vein thrombosis (DVT) and vena-cavography to assess the IVCF for trapped emboli, filter tilt, or retrained thrombus. Thirty-nine
patients died of their injuries; no deaths were related to IVCF placement. One PE occurred during follow-up after filter retrieval,
and two femoral vein insertion-site DVTs occurred. One hundred twenty (94.4%) of IVCFs were placed without complication at
the L2-3 level, as verified by abdominal X-rays. Filter-related complications included three groin hematomas (2.9%) and three
IVCFs misplaced in the right iliac vein early in our experience (2.3%); these filters were uneventfully retrieved and replaced
in the IVC within 24 hr. Sixty-six patients underwent uneventful retrieval of IVCFs after DVT or PE anticoagulation prophylaxis
was initiated. Forty-five IVCFs were not removed: 41 due to contraindications due to anticoagulation and four because of trapped
thrombus within the filter. The role of retrievable IVCFs continues to evolve, but in this study of 127 patients, prophylactic
temporary IVCF placement was simple and safe, prevented fatal PE, and served as an effective “bridge” to anticoagulation.
Further investigation of this bedside IVUS technique and the role of temporary IVCFs in different patient populations is warranted.
SECTION
EDITOR: Samuel S. Ahn, MD 相似文献
65.
Jose Lopez-Sendon Peter Mills Heinz Weber Rolf Michels Carlo Di Mario Gerasimos S Filippatos Magda Heras Kevin Fox Jose Merino D J Pennell Heinz Sochor Joanna Ortoli Andras Szatmari Fausto Pinto Jan Peder Amlie Ali Oto Mitja Lainscak Kim Fox Peter Kearney Lino Gon?alves Heikki Huikuri Celine Carrera 《European heart journal》2007,28(17):2163-2171
66.
Kovács A Gacsályi I Wellmann J Schmidt E Szücs Z Dubreuil V Nicolas JP Boutin J Bózsing D Egyed A Tihanyi K Spedding M Szénási G 《Cardiovascular drugs and therapy / sponsored by the International Society of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy》2003,17(5-6):427-434
Our aim was to specify the 5-HT(2) subtype selectivity of EGIS-7625 (1-benzyl-4-[(2-nitro-4-methyl-5-amino)-phenyl]-piperazine), a new 5-HT(2B) ligand, in receptor binding studies and characterize its pharmacology at 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2C) receptors in in vivo experiments and in isolated organs, in vitro. EGIS-7625 had high affinity for recombinant human 5-HT(2B) receptors (pK(i) = 9.0) but much weaker affinity for 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors (pK(i) = 6.2 and 7.7, respectively). In the classic 5-HT(2B) test, EGIS-7625 produced a concentration-related parallel rightward shift in the concentration-response relationship for the 5-HT-induced smooth muscle constriction in rat stomach fundus strips with a pA(2) of 9.4. On the other hand, EGIS-7625 was a weak competitive antagonist at 5-HT(2A) receptors as it shifted 5-HT-induced concentration-response curves to the right at high concentrations (pA(2) = 6.7) in rabbit pulmonary artery strips. The m-chlorophenylpiperazine-induced hypomotility and hypophagia was only partially attenuated by EGIS-7625 even at a dose of 30 mg/kg i.p. while mianserin, a non-selective 5-HT antagonist was almost fully effective in these tests at 3 mg/kg i.p., suggesting weak antagonistic effect of EGIS-7625 at neuronal 5-HT(2C) receptors, in vivo. In conclusion, EGIS-7625 is a potent, selective and competitive 5-HT(2B) antagonist that seems to be a good research tool for the separation of the functional roles of vascular 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2B) receptors. 相似文献
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68.
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are small molecule inhibitors of the coagulation proteases thrombin and factor Xa that demonstrate comparable efficacy to warfarin for several common indications, while causing less serious bleeding. However, because their targets are required for the normal host-response to bleeding (hemostasis), DOACs are associated with therapy-induced bleeding that limits their use in certain patient populations and clinical situations. The plasma contact factors (factor XII, factor XI, and prekallikrein) initiate blood coagulation in the activated partial thromboplastin time assay. While serving limited roles in hemostasis, pre-clinical and epidemiologic data indicate that these proteins contribute to pathologic coagulation. It is anticipated that drugs targeting the contact factors will reduce risk of thrombosis with minimal impact on hemostasis. Here, we discuss the biochemistry of contact activation, the contributions of contact factors in thrombosis, and novel antithrombotic agents targeting contact factors that are undergoing pre-clinical and early clinical testing. 相似文献
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