蛋白激酶C亚型在慢性"炎症性"肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉中的表达

目的 研究慢性"炎症性"肺动脉高压大鼠在肺动脉高压形成过程中肺动脉蛋白激酶C(PKC)亚型的表达.方法 建立野百合碱诱导的慢性"炎症性"肺动脉高压大鼠模型,应用Western blot技术检测肺动脉高压形成过程中大鼠肺动脉四种PKC亚型(PKCα、PKCβⅡ、PKCδ和PKCε)的表达变化.结果 PKCα、PKCβⅡ和PKCδ亚型在正常和肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉中均有表达,而PKCε亚型未检测到.在肺动脉高压形成过程中,大鼠肺动脉胞浆和胞膜组分表达的PKCα均逐渐上升,到第14天达到高峰后略有下降,且胞膜表达量的升高远比胞浆明显.胞浆PKCβⅡ和PKCδ表达量均在第8天达最高,而胞膜中二者均表现出持续升高的趋势.结论 PKCα、PKCβⅡ和PKCδ亚型可能参与了慢性"炎症性"肺动脉高压的形成,其表达变化可能与其转位有关.     

Arthroscopic tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) arthrodesis

We describe an arthroscopic approach of tarsometatarsal arthrodesis for post-traumatic arthritis. Five tarsometatarsal portals (medial, P1–2, P2–3, P3–4, P4–5) are identified at the junctional points between the metatarsals by means of image intensifier. The first metatarsocuneiform joint is approached through the medial and P1–2 portal. Articular cartilage is denuded and micro-fracture of subchondral bone is performed with an arthroscopic awl. The second metatarsocuneiform joint is approached through the P1–2 and P2–3 portals and the third metatarsocuneiform joint is approached through the P2–3 and P3–4 portals. The articular surfaces are prepared for arthrodesis. The articulations are kept in desired position and transfixed with 4.0 mm cannulated screws. The fourth and fifth metatarsocuboid articulations are rarely included in the procedure. Arthroscopic arthrodesis or tendon arthroplasty of the lateral column can be performed through the P3–4 and P4–5 portals.     

Pullout reattachment of tibial avulsion fractures of the anterior cruciate ligament: a firm,effective suture-tying method using a tensioner

We describe a firm, effective suture-tying method using a tensioner for reattaching tibial avulsion fractures of the anterior cruciate ligament. Our simple method achieves strong, firm reattachment of the fracture. In addition, it prevents fixation loosening during suture tying effectively. Since pullout repair using nonabsorbable sutures is commonly used to fix various avulsion fractures, the tensioner helps attain strong, firm reattachment of avulsion fractures simply and effectively.     

Periosteal transplantation to the rabbit patella

Autologous periosteal transplantation (without chondrocyte cell transplantation) for treating traumatic articular cartilage defects of the patella gives pain relief in uncontrolled clinical studies. To study the whole transplanted area macroscopically and microscopically, animal studies are motivated. In this pilot study, we reproduce the surgical technique for periosteum transplantation on human patella to a rabbit model. A full-thickness cartilage defect of the whole patella was created in eight adult female rabbits. The defect was treated with autologous periosteal transplantation. After surgery, the rabbits were allowed free activity. This is the difference compared to the treatment in humans, where our group uses CPM for 5 days and non-weight-bearing for 12 weeks. After 21 weeks, there was a diffuse synovitis in all transplanted knees, and in five of eight knees there were signs of osteoarthritis in the patello-femoral joint. Histologically, in three animals, small islands of hyaline cartilage surrounded by fibrocartilage were seen in the transplanted area. In the other five animals, fibrocartilage was the predominant tissue. In contrast to previous experimental studies using a rabbit model, we did not achieve hyaline cartilage resurfacing.     

Biochemical Abnormality Associated with Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome in an Infant with Features of Rutledge Multiple Congenital Anomaly Syndrome Confirms that the Latter Is a Variant of the Former

We describe a female infant with morphologic features of Rutledge multiple-congenital-anomaly syndrome (RMCAS) and biochemical features of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS). She had microcephaly with hypoplastic cerebral frontal lobes and cerebellum, agenesis of the splenium of corpus callosum, abnormal facies including hypertelorism with bilateral inner epicanthal folds, a broad nasal bridge with slightly anteverted nares and patent choanae, low set ears and complex conchal formation, high-arched palate and thick maxillary alveolar ridges, and micrognathia. Her chest was broad, genitalia were ambiguous, and uterus was bicornuate. Skeletal abnormalities included a hypoplastic appendicular skeleton, post-axial hexadactyly of the right hand and the left foot, syndactyly of bilateral 2nd-3rd toes and left 5th-6th toes, right talipes varus and left talipes valgus, and fused L5-S1 vertebrae. Congenital heart disease consisted of hypoplastic left heart, coronary sinus agenesis, ostium secundum and ostium primum defects, and a thickened septum primum. The lungs were hypolobated and the kidneys manifested oligopapillary hypoplasia. Total colonic Hirschsprung disease was noted microscopically. Analysis of liver tissue taken at postmortem examination revealed the ratio of 7-dehydrocholesterol and cholesterol to be 143 (expected, 0.28 +/- 0.28). Although initially described as a distinct syndrome, RMCAS was merged with the severe form of SLOS, because of significantly overlapping features [Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) #268670]. The biochemical data showing an excess of 7-dehydrocholesterol and low cholesterol in the liver tissue of our case supports this viewpoint.     

Gallstones Containing Bacteria are Biofilms: Bacterial Slime Production and Ability to Form Pigment Solids Determines Infection Severity and Bacteremia

Objective Gallstone bacteria provide a reservoir for biliary infections. Slime production facilitates adherence, whereas β-glucuronidase and phospholipase generate colonization surface. These factors facilitate gallstone formation, but their influence on infection severity is unknown. Methods Two hundred ninety-two patients were studied. Gallstones, bile, and blood (as applicable) were cultured. Bacteria were tested for β-glucuronidase/phospholipase production and quantitative slime production. Infection severity was correlated with bacterial factors. Results Bacteria were present in 43% of cases, 13% with bacteremia. Severe infections correlated directly with β-glucuronidase/phospholipase (55% with vs 13% without, P < 0.0001), but inversely with slime production (55 vs 8%, slime <75 or >75, P = 0.008). Low slime production and β-glucuronidase/phospholipase production were additive: Severe infections were present in 76% with both, but 10% with either or none (P < 0.0001). β-Glucuronidase/phospholipase production facilitated bactibilia (86% with vs 62% without, P = 0.03). Slime production was 19 (±8) vs 50 (±10) for bacteria that did or did not cause bacteremia (P = 0.004). No bacteria with slime >75 demonstrated bacteremia. Conclusions Bacteria-laden gallstones are biofilms whose characteristics influence illness severity. Factors creating colonization surface (β-glucuronidase/phospholipase) facilitated bacteremia and severe infections; but abundant slime production, while facilitating colonization, inhibited detachment and cholangiovenous reflux. This shows how properties of the gallstone biofilm determine the severity of the associated illness. Presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, held May 20–24, 2006 in Los Angeles, California.     

Diagnostic value of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in Greek patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Background  

Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies have been of diagnostic value in Northern European Caucasian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In these populations, anti-CCP antibodies are associated with the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope. We assessed the diagnostic value of anti-CCP antibodies in Greek patients with RA where the HLA shared epitope was reported in a minority of patients.